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Choo YJ, Lee GW, Moon JS, Chang MC. Application of non-contact sensors for health monitoring in hospitals: a narrative review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1421901. [PMID: 38933102 PMCID: PMC11199382 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1421901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The continuous monitoring of the health status of patients is essential for the effective monitoring of disease progression and the management of symptoms. Recently, health monitoring using non-contact sensors has gained interest. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the use of non-contact sensors for health monitoring in hospital settings and evaluate their potential clinical applications. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify relevant studies published up to February 26, 2024. The search terms included "hospital," "monitoring," "sensor," and "non-contact." Studies that used non-contact sensors to monitor health status in hospital settings were included in this review. Of the 38 search results, five studies met the inclusion criteria. The non-contact sensors described in the studies were radar, infrared, and microwave sensors. These non-contact sensors were used to obtain vital signs, such as respiratory rate, heart rate, and body temperature, and were then compared with the results from conventional measurement methods (polysomnography, nursing records, and electrocardiography). In all the included studies, non-contact sensors demonstrated a performance similar to that of conventional health-related parameter measurement methods. Non-contact sensors are expected to be a promising solution for health monitoring in hospital settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Choo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Woo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cheol Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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2
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Huang J, Fan C, Ma Y, Huang G. Exploring Thermal Dynamics in Wound Healing: The Impact of Temperature and Microenvironment. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1251-1258. [PMID: 38827629 PMCID: PMC11144001 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s468396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Exploring the critical role of thermal dynamics in wound healing, this manuscript navigates through the complex biological responses initiated upon wound infliction and how temperature variations influence the healing trajectory. Integrating biothermal physics, clinical medicine, and biomedical engineering, it highlights the significance of thermal management in wound care, emphasizing the wound microenvironment's division into internal and external domains and their collaborative impact on tissue repair. Innovations in real-time wound temperature monitoring, especially through intelligent wireless sensor dressings, are spotlighted as transformative, enabling precise wound condition management. The text underscores the necessity for further research to elucidate thermal regulation's molecular and cellular mechanisms on healing processes. It advocates for standardized protocols for localized heating treatments, integrating them into personalized wound care strategies to enhance therapeutic outcomes, improve patient well-being, and achieve cost-effective healthcare practices. This work presents a forward-looking perspective on refining wound management through sophisticated, evidence-based interventions, emphasizing the interplay between thermal dynamics and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University (Weifang Medical University), Weifang, 261000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunjie Fan
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yindong Ma
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guobao Huang
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, People’s Republic of China
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Zhao Y, de Almeida e Bueno L, Holdsworth DA, Bergmann JHM. Evaluating the Agreement between Oral, Armpit, and Ear Temperature Readings during Physical Activities in an Outdoor Setting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:595. [PMID: 38791809 PMCID: PMC11121601 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Accurate body temperature measurement is essential for monitoring and managing safety during outdoor activities. Physical activities are an essential consideration for public health, with sports taking up an important proportion of these. Athletes' performances can be directly affected by body temperature fluctuations, with overheating or hypothermia posing serious health risks. Monitoring these temperatures allows coaches and medical staff to make decisions that enhance performance and safety. Traditional methods, like oral, axillary, and tympanic readings, are widely used, but face challenges during intense physical activities in real-world environments. This study evaluated the agreement, correlation, and interchangeability of oral, axillary, and tympanic temperature measurements in outdoor exercise conditions. Systems developed for specific placements might generate different sensor readouts. Conducted as an observational field study, it involved 21 adult participants (11 males and 10 females, average age 25.14 ± 5.80 years) that underwent the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test protocol on an outdoor court. The main outcomes measured were the agreement and correlation between temperature readings from the three methods, both before and after exercise. The results indicate poor agreement between the measurement sites, with significant deviations observed post-exercise. Although the Spearman correlation coefficients showed consistent temperature changes post-exercise across all methods, the standard deviations in the pairwise comparisons exceeded 0.67 °C. This study concluded that widely used temperature measurement methods are challenging to use during outdoor exercises and should not be considered interchangeable. This variability, especially after exercise, underscores the need for further research using gold standard temperature measurement methods to determine the most suitable site for accurate readings. Care should thus be taken when temperature screening is done at scale using traditional methods, as each measurement site should be considered within its own right.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhe Zhao
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK; (Y.Z.); (L.d.A.e.B.)
| | - Leonardo de Almeida e Bueno
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK; (Y.Z.); (L.d.A.e.B.)
| | | | - Jeroen H. M. Bergmann
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK; (Y.Z.); (L.d.A.e.B.)
- Department of Technology and Innovation, TEK, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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Ma T, Zhang M. Data-Driven Contact-Based Thermosensation for Enhanced Tactile Recognition. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:369. [PMID: 38257462 PMCID: PMC10819413 DOI: 10.3390/s24020369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Thermal feedback plays an important role in tactile perception, greatly influencing fields such as autonomous robot systems and virtual reality. The further development of intelligent systems demands enhanced thermosensation, such as the measurement of thermal properties of objects to aid in more accurate system perception. However, this continues to present certain challenges in contact-based scenarios. For this reason, this study innovates by using the concept of semi-infinite equivalence to design a thermosensation system. A discrete transient heat transfer model was established. Subsequently, a data-driven method was introduced, integrating the developed model with a back propagation (BP) neural network containing dual hidden layers, to facilitate accurate calculation for contact materials. The network was trained using the thermophysical data of 67 types of materials generated by the heat transfer model. An experimental setup, employing flexible thin-film devices, was constructed to measure three solid materials under various heating conditions. Results indicated that measurement errors stayed within 10% for thermal conductivity and 20% for thermal diffusion. This approach not only enables quick, quantitative calculation and identification of contact materials but also simplifies the measurement process by eliminating the need for initial temperature adjustments, and minimizing errors due to model complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
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Rodríguez-Cobo L, Reyes-Gonzalez L, Algorri JF, Díez-del-Valle Garzón S, García-García R, López-Higuera JM, Cobo A. Non-Contact Thermal and Acoustic Sensors with Embedded Artificial Intelligence for Point-of-Care Diagnostics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:129. [PMID: 38202998 PMCID: PMC10781379 DOI: 10.3390/s24010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This work involves exploring non-invasive sensor technologies for data collection and preprocessing, specifically focusing on novel thermal calibration methods and assessing low-cost infrared radiation sensors for facial temperature analysis. Additionally, it investigates innovative approaches to analyzing acoustic signals for quantifying coughing episodes. The research integrates diverse data capture technologies to analyze them collectively, considering their temporal evolution and physical attributes, aiming to extract statistically significant relationships among various variables for valuable insights. The study delineates two distinct aspects: cough detection employing a microphone and a neural network, and thermal sensors employing a calibration curve to refine their output values, reducing errors within a specified temperature range. Regarding control units, the initial implementation with an ESP32 transitioned to a Raspberry Pi model 3B+ due to neural network integration issues. A comprehensive testing is conducted for both fever and cough detection, ensuring robustness and accuracy in each scenario. The subsequent work involves practical experimentation and interoperability tests, validating the proof of concept for each system component. Furthermore, this work assesses the technical specifications of the prototype developed in the preceding tasks. Real-time testing is performed for each symptom to evaluate the system's effectiveness. This research contributes to the advancement of non-invasive sensor technologies, with implications for healthcare applications such as remote health monitoring and early disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Rodríguez-Cobo
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-C.); (J.M.L.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Luís Reyes-Gonzalez
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain;
| | - José Francisco Algorri
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-C.); (J.M.L.-H.); (A.C.)
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Sara Díez-del-Valle Garzón
- Ambar Telecomunicaciones S.L., 39011 Santander, Spain; (S.D.-d.-V.G.); (R.G.-G.)
- Centro de Innovación de Servicios Gestionados Avanzados (CiSGA) S.L., 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Roberto García-García
- Ambar Telecomunicaciones S.L., 39011 Santander, Spain; (S.D.-d.-V.G.); (R.G.-G.)
- Centro de Innovación de Servicios Gestionados Avanzados (CiSGA) S.L., 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - José Miguel López-Higuera
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-C.); (J.M.L.-H.); (A.C.)
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Adolfo Cobo
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-C.); (J.M.L.-H.); (A.C.)
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
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Al-Atawi AA, Alyahyan S, Alatawi MN, Sadad T, Manzoor T, Farooq-i-Azam M, Khan ZH. Stress Monitoring Using Machine Learning, IoT and Wearable Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8875. [PMID: 37960574 PMCID: PMC10648446 DOI: 10.3390/s23218875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a fundamental framework for interconnected device communication, representing a relatively new paradigm and the evolution of the Internet into its next phase. Its significance is pronounced in diverse fields, especially healthcare, where it finds applications in scenarios such as medical service tracking. By analyzing patterns in observed parameters, the anticipation of disease types becomes feasible. Stress monitoring with wearable sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT) is a potential application that can enhance wellness and preventative health management. Healthcare professionals have harnessed robust systems incorporating battery-based wearable technology and wireless communication channels to enable cost-effective healthcare monitoring for various medical conditions. Network-connected sensors, whether within living spaces or worn on the body, accumulate data crucial for evaluating patients' health. The integration of machine learning and cutting-edge technology has sparked research interest in addressing stress levels. Psychological stress significantly impacts a person's physiological parameters. Stress can have negative impacts over time, prompting sometimes costly therapies. Acute stress levels can even constitute a life-threatening risk, especially in people who have previously been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder or schizophrenia. To offer a proactive solution within the realm of smart healthcare, this article introduces a novel machine learning-based system termed "Stress-Track". The device is intended to track a person's stress levels by examining their body temperature, sweat, and motion rate during physical activity. The proposed model achieves an impressive accuracy rate of 99.5%, showcasing its potential impact on stress management and healthcare enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A. Al-Atawi
- Department of Computer Science, Applied College, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alyahyan
- Applied College in Dwadmi, Shaqra University, Dawadmi 17464, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Naif Alatawi
- Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Sadad
- Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering & Technology, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Tareq Manzoor
- Energy Research Centre, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Zeashan Hameed Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Intelligent Manufacturing & Robotics (IRC-IMR), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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