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Saddique Z, Faheem M, Habib A, UlHasan I, Mujahid A, Afzal A. Electrochemical Creatinine (Bio)Sensors for Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Renal Malfunction and Chronic Kidney Disorders. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13101737. [PMID: 37238220 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the post-pandemic era, point-of-care (POC) diagnosis of diseases is an important research frontier. Modern portable electrochemical (bio)sensors enable the design of POC diagnostics for the identification of diseases and regular healthcare monitoring. Herein, we present a critical review of the electrochemical creatinine (bio)sensors. These sensors either make use of biological receptors such as enzymes or employ synthetic responsive materials, which provide a sensitive interface for creatinine-specific interactions. The characteristics of different receptors and electrochemical devices are discussed, along with their limitations. The major challenges in the development of affordable and deliverable creatinine diagnostics and the drawbacks of enzymatic and enzymeless electrochemical biosensors are elaborated, especially considering their analytical performance parameters. These revolutionary devices have potential biomedical applications ranging from early POC diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other kidney-related illnesses to routine monitoring of creatinine in elderly and at-risk humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Saddique
- Sensors and Diagnostics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-I-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Amir Habib
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iftikhar UlHasan
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Mujahid
- Sensors and Diagnostics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-I-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Afzal
- Sensors and Diagnostics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-I-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
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Narimani R, Esmaeili M, Rasta SH, Khosroshahi HT, Mobed A. Trend in creatinine determining methods: Conventional methods to molecular‐based methods. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 2:308-325. [DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractRenal failure (RF) disease is ranked as one of the most prevalent diseases with severe morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis of RF leads to subsequent control of disease to reduce the poor prognosis. The level of sera creatinine is considered as a significant biomarker for kidney biofunction, which is routinely detected by the Jaffe reaction. The normal range for creatinine in the blood may be 0.84‐1.21 mg/dL. Low accuracy, insufficient sensitivity, explosive and toxicity of picric acid, and pseudo‐interaction with nonspecific elements such as ammonium ions in the Jaffe method lead to the development of various techniques for precise detection of creatinine such as spectroscopic, electrochemical, and chromatography approaches and sensors based on enzymes, molecular imprinted polymer and nanoparticles, etc. Based on previously established results, they are trying to construct sensors with high accuracy, optimum sensitivity, acceptable linear/calibration range, and limit of detection, which are small in size and applicable by the patient him/herself (point‐of‐care testing). By comparing the results of research, a molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence‐based sensor with linear/calibration range of 5‐1 mMconcentration of creatinine and the detection limit of 0.5 nM has the best detectable resolution with 2 million measurable points. In this paper, we will review the recently developed methods for measuring creatinine concentration and renal biofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Narimani
- Medical Bioengineering Department, School of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mahdad Esmaeili
- Medical Bioengineering Department, School of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Rasta
- Medical Bioengineering Department, School of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Biomedical Physics, School of Medical Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | - Hamid Tayebi Khosroshahi
- Center for Chronic Kidney Disease Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Ahmad Mobed
- Aging Research Institute Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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Fava EL, Martimiano do Prado T, Almeida Silva T, Cruz de Moraes F, Censi Faria R, Fatibello‐Filho O. New Disposable Electrochemical Paper‐based Microfluidic Device with Multiplexed Electrodes for Biomarkers Determination in Urine Sample. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elson Luiz Fava
- Department of Chemistry Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos, P.O. Box 676 13560-970, SP Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Almeida Silva
- Department of Chemistry Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos, P.O. Box 676 13560-970, SP Brazil
- Department of Metallurgy and Chemistry Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais Timóteo 35180-008, MG Brazil
| | - Fernando Cruz de Moraes
- Department of Chemistry Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos, P.O. Box 676 13560-970, SP Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Censi Faria
- Department of Chemistry Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos, P.O. Box 676 13560-970, SP Brazil
| | - Orlando Fatibello‐Filho
- Department of Chemistry Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos, P.O. Box 676 13560-970, SP Brazil
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Walsh FC, Ponce de León C. Progress in electrochemical flow reactors for laboratory and pilot scale processing. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Modena MM, Chawla K, Misun PM, Hierlemann A. Smart Cell Culture Systems: Integration of Sensors and Actuators into Microphysiological Systems. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1767-1784. [PMID: 29381325 PMCID: PMC5959007 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Technological advances in microfabrication techniques in combination with organotypic cell and tissue models have enabled the realization of microphysiological systems capable of recapitulating aspects of human physiology in vitro with great fidelity. Concurrently, a number of analysis techniques has been developed to probe and characterize these model systems. However, many assays are still performed off-line, which severely compromises the possibility of obtaining real-time information from the samples under examination, and which also limits the use of these platforms in high-throughput analysis. In this review, we focus on sensing and actuation schemes that have already been established or offer great potential to provide in situ detection or manipulation of relevant cell or tissue samples in microphysiological platforms. We will first describe methods that can be integrated in a straightforward way and that offer potential multiplexing and/or parallelization of sensing and actuation functions. These methods include electrical impedance spectroscopy, electrochemical biosensors, and the use of surface acoustic waves for manipulation and analysis of cells, tissue, and multicellular organisms. In the second part, we will describe two sensor approaches based on surface-plasmon resonance and mechanical resonators that have recently provided new characterization features for biological samples, although technological limitations for use in high-throughput applications still exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario M. Modena
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ketki Chawla
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick M. Misun
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
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Miniature Fluidic Microtissue Culturing Device for Rapid Biological Detection. INTEGRATED ANALYTICAL SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-64747-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ansari MH, Hassan S, Qurashi A, Khanday FA. Microfluidic-integrated DNA nanobiosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:247-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Misun PM, Rothe J, Schmid YR, Hierlemann A, Frey O. Multi-analyte biosensor interface for real-time monitoring of 3D microtissue spheroids in hanging-drop networks. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2016; 2:16022. [PMID: 31057823 PMCID: PMC6444714 DOI: 10.1038/micronano.2016.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics is becoming a technology of growing interest for building microphysiological systems with integrated read-out functionalities. Here we present the integration of enzyme-based multi-analyte biosensors into a multi-tissue culture platform for 'body-on-a-chip' applications. The microfluidic platform is based on the technology of hanging-drop networks, which is designed for the formation, cultivation, and analysis of fluidically interconnected organotypic spherical three-dimensional (3D) microtissues of multiple cell types. The sensor modules were designed as small glass plug-ins featuring four platinum working electrodes, a platinum counter electrode, and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. They were placed directly into the ceiling substrate from which the hanging drops that host the spheroid cultures are suspended. The electrodes were functionalized with oxidase enzymes to enable continuous monitoring of lactate and glucose through amperometry. The biosensors featured high sensitivities of 322±41 nA mM-1 mm-2 for glucose and 443±37 nA mM-1 mm-2 for lactate; the corresponding limits of detection were below 10 μM. The proposed technology enabled tissue-size-dependent, real-time detection of lactate secretion from single human colon cancer microtissues cultured in the hanging drops. Furthermore, glucose consumption and lactate secretion were monitored in parallel, and the impact of different culture conditions on the metabolism of cancer microtissues was recorded in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Misun
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bio Engineering Laboratory, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland
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| | - Jörg Rothe
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bio Engineering Laboratory, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Yannick R.F. Schmid
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bio Engineering Laboratory, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bio Engineering Laboratory, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Frey
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bio Engineering Laboratory, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland
- ()
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Mross S, Pierrat S, Zimmermann T, Kraft M. Microfluidic enzymatic biosensing systems: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 70:376-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zhang M, Karra S, Gorski W. Electrochemical coupled-enzyme assays at carbon nanotubes. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9330-4. [PMID: 25180617 DOI: 10.1021/ac502687z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The recently developed internally calibrated electrochemical continuous enzyme assay (ICECEA) has proved to work well for single-enzyme systems. In the present work, its relevance to more challenging coupled-enzyme measurements was investigated by using a model enzyme pair comprising aspartate transaminase (AST) and malic dehydrogenase. The ICECEA was performed at an electrode modified with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which were dispersed in a polysaccharide chitosan that acted as an adhesive. The 7 min assay required a 100 μL sample and relied on an AST-free calibration. It had a limit of detection equal to 5.0 pM AST (0.10 U L(-1)) with no need for the incubation period. Its linear range extended up to 3500 pM (70 U L(-1)). Perhaps the most promising was the fact that the assay and its calibration could be performed in the same solution even though the composition of the assay solution for the coupled-enzyme assays is typically more complex than that for the single-enzyme assays. This and the fast electrode kinetics of the signal transducing reaction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide at CNTs accounted for the low limit of detection. The unique shape of the ICECEA amperogram allowed for the selective determination of AST in the complex matrix of serum samples containing redox active potentially interfering species. Given these advantages, the prospects for the ICECEA in the development of other coupled-enzyme assays were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maogen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas 78249-0698, United States
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12
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Marchenko SV. BIOSENSOR BASED ON CREATININE DEIMINASE AND рH-SENSITIVE FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR FOR CREATININE ANALYSIS IN BLOOD SERUM. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2013. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech6.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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13
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A review on creatinine measurement techniques. Talanta 2012; 97:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Takashima A, Kojima K, Suzuki H. Autonomous Microfluidic Control by Chemically Actuated Micropumps and Its Application to Chemical Analyses. Anal Chem 2010; 82:6870-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1009657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takashima
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kojima
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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Adam V, Kizek R. Utilization of Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. SENSORS 2008; 8:6125-6131. [PMID: 27873861 PMCID: PMC3707441 DOI: 10.3390/s8106125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A special issue of Sensors entitled “Utilization of Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” has been prepared over a period of three years. In this Editorial Note we would like to highlight one of the possible directions for electrochemical sensor and biosensor research resulting from the ideas of Czechoslovakian Nobel Prize winner Jaroslav Heyrovsky and his colleague Rudolf Brdicka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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