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Bailey T, Wundersitz L, O'Donnell K, Rasch A. Identifying best practices in a process evaluation of a novice driver education program. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2022; 93:102105. [PMID: 35640309 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2022.102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Best practice for learning to drive programs should be evidence-based and incorporate the range of lower and higher-order skills outlined in the internationally recognized Goals for Driver Education (GDE) matrix. A set of practices derived from the matrix, together with pertinent adult learning approaches and driving instruction research formed the basis of an evaluation checklist developed to review the Keys2drive program (a national single-session interactive education program for learner drivers in Australia). The checklist criteria consisted of 18 practices, including: having a sound theoretical base; reflecting various GDE components; facilitating parental involvement; provision of feedback; building resilience; use of coaching approaches; commentary driving; self-assessment; understanding of risk factors; and supporting safe vehicle choices and graduated licensing schemes. The program review sought to determine the extent to which Keys2drive is aligned with best practice according to the checklist criteria. Evaluations of driver education programs should recognize that novice drivers, in discussions with their instructors/supervisors, may have differing interpretations and values concerning various GDE goals, such as their awareness of critical risk factors. As a best practice, instructors should be prepared to ask the novice 'How?' and 'Why?' questions relevant to their GDE goal interpretations and values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Bailey
- Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR), University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
| | - Lisa Wundersitz
- Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR), University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Kate O'Donnell
- Australian Automobile Association (AAA), 103 Northbourne Ave, Turner 2601, Australia
| | - Andrew Rasch
- Keys2drive, 101 Richmond Rd, Mile End 5031, Australia
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An Exploration of Characteristics and Time Series Forecast of Fatal Road Crashes in Manipal, India. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14052851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Road crashes are the sixth leading cause of death in India. There has been a fourfold increase in the number of road traffic crashes in India in the last four decades and an increase of 9.8 times in the fatalities associated with that exponential increase. Manipal is a coastal place with a population of approximately 50,000 inhabitants lying in between the western Mountain range and the Arabian sea. The study’s objective is to explore the characteristics of fatal road crashes in Manipal from 2008–2018 using the data pertaining to fatal crashes retrieved from the office of the superintendent of police. Furthermore, it aims to forecast crashes by time series analysis prediction. The results show that most of the fatal crashes are due to exceeding the lawful speed limit, followed by driving under the influence of alcohol and going ahead and overtaking. The time series analysis forecasted the number of fatal crashes until the year 2025 and predicted that there will be an increase in the number of fatal road crashes by 4.5%. The results also provide essential leads for initiating specific intervention programmes targeting the causes of fatal road crashes.
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Möller H, Senserrick T, Rogers K, Sakashita C, de Rome L, Boufous S, Davey C, Cullen P, Ivers R. Crash risk factors for novice motorcycle riders. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2020; 73:93-101. [PMID: 32563413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motorcycle riders have the highest injury and fatality rates among all road users. This research sought in-depth understanding of crash risk factors to help in developing targeted measures to reduce motorcycle crash injuries and fatalities. METHODS We used interview data from a study of 2,399 novice motorcycle riders in Victoria, Australia from 2010 to 2012 linked with their police-recorded crash and offence data. The outcome measure was self and/or police reported crash. The association between potential risk factors and crashes was explored in multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS In the multivariable analysis, riders who reported being involved in three or more near crashes had 1.74 times (95% CI 1.11-2.74) higher odds of crashing compared to riders who reported no near-crash events, and riders who participated in a pre-learner course had 1.41 times higher odds of crashing (95% CI 1.07-1.87) compared with riders who did not attend a pre-learner course. Riders who had been involved in a crash before the study had 1.58 times (95% CI 1.14-2.19) higher odds of crashing during the study period compared with riders who were not involved in a crash. Each additional month of having held a license and learner permit decreased the odds of crashing by 2%, and each additional 1,000 km of riding before the study increased the odds of crashing by 2%. CONCLUSION Measures of pre-learner training and riding experience were the strongest predictors of crashing in this cohort of novice motorcycle riders. At the time of the study there was no compulsory rider training to obtain a learner permit in Victoria and no on-road courses were available. It may be plausible that riders who voluntarily participated in an unregulated pre-learner course became or remained at high risk of crash after obtaining a rider license. We suggest systematically reviewing the safety benefits of voluntary versus mandatory pre-learner and learner courses and the potential need to include on-road components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Möller
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Public Health & Community Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Teresa Senserrick
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kris Rogers
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Graduate School of Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chika Sakashita
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Global Road Safety Solutions (GRSS) Pty Ltd, NSW, Australia
| | - Liz de Rome
- Deakin University Institute for Frontier Materials, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Soufiane Boufous
- School of Aviation, Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research, Faculty of Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carine Davey
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Public Health & Community Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Patricia Cullen
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Public Health & Community Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Ngarruwan Ngadju, Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ivers
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Public Health & Community Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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