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Dargahi A, Vosoughi M, Normohammadi A, Sedigh A, Gholizadeh H, Sadeghi H, Karami C, Jeddi F. Investigating SARS-CoV-2 RNA in five municipal wastewater treatment plants, hospital wastewater and wastewater collection networks during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ardabil Province, Iran. APPLIED WATER SCIENCE 2022; 12:256. [PMID: 36277855 PMCID: PMC9579531 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-022-01773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since 2019, the outbreak of coronavirus with acute respiratory symptoms has caused an epidemic worldwide. Transmission of the disease through respiratory droplets was announced as the main mode of transmission in 2020. But in this study, we discussed the method of indirect transmission of the virus through sewage. In this study, effluents related to urban and hospital wastewater treatment plants in 5 regions of Ardabil Province (northwest of Iran) were investigated. In this research, 120 samples were kept in pre-test conditions (temperature -20 degrees Celsius). To identify the viral genome, special primer and chain reaction probe targeting ORF1ab and N (nucleoprotein gene) genes were used. Out of a total of 120 samples, a total of 3 samples were positive. Wastewater epidemiology (WBE) can be considered as a cost-effective method in the diagnosis and prediction of pathogenic agents. And be considered an effective method for decision-making in order to protect the health of citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Dargahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mehdi Vosoughi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ali Normohammadi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Anoshirvan Sedigh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Helia Gholizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hadi Sadeghi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Chiman Karami
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farhad Jeddi
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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