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Nugraha AS, Firli LN, Rani DM, Hidayatiningsih A, Lestari ND, Wongso H, Tarman K, Rahaweman AC, Manurung J, Ariantari NP, Papu A, Putra MY, Pratama ANW, Wessjohann LA, Keller PA. Indonesian marine and its medicinal contribution. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:38. [PMID: 37843645 PMCID: PMC10579215 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The archipelagic country of Indonesia is populated by the densest marine biodiversity in the world which has created strong global interest and is valued by both Indigenous and European settlements for different purposes. Nearly 1000 chemicals have been extracted and identified. In this review, a systematic data curation was employed to collate bioprospecting related manuscripts providing a comprehensive directory based on publications from 1988 to 2022. Findings with significant pharmacological activities are further discussed through a scoping data collection. This review discusses macroorganisms (Sponges, Ascidian, Gorgonians, Algae, Mangrove) and microorganism (Bacteria and Fungi) and highlights significant discoveries, including a potent microtubule stabilizer laulimalide from Hyattella sp., a prospective doxorubicin complement papuamine alkaloid from Neopetrosia cf exigua, potent antiplasmodial manzamine A from Acanthostrongylophora ingens, the highly potent anti trypanosomal manadoperoxide B from Plakortis cfr. Simplex, mRNA translation disrupter hippuristanol from Briareum sp, and the anti-HIV-1 (+)-8-hydroxymanzamine A isolated from Acanthostrongylophora sp. Further, some potent antibacterial extracts were also found from a limited biomass of bacteria cultures. Although there are currently no examples of commercial drugs from the Indonesian marine environment, this review shows the molecular diversity present and with the known understudied biodiversity, reveals great promise for future studies and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Satia Nugraha
- Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jember, Jember, 68121, Indonesia.
- Leibniz Institute Für Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Lilla Nur Firli
- Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jember, Jember, 68121, Indonesia
| | - Dinar Mutia Rani
- Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jember, Jember, 68121, Indonesia
| | - Ayunda Hidayatiningsih
- Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jember, Jember, 68121, Indonesia
| | - Nadya Dini Lestari
- Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jember, Jember, 68121, Indonesia
| | - Hendris Wongso
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Puspiptek, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, J1. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Kustiariyah Tarman
- Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences; and Division of Marine Biotechnology, Centre for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies (CCMRS), IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | | | - Jeprianto Manurung
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ni Putu Ariantari
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University, Badung, Bali, 80361, Indonesia
| | - Adelfia Papu
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, 95115, Indonesia
| | - Masteria Yunovilsa Putra
- Vaccine and Drug Research Center, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Jawa Barat, 16911, Indonesia
| | | | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Leibniz Institute Für Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Paul A Keller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Zulfiqar F, Ali Z, Viljoen AM, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA. Flavonoid glycosides and ellagic acid cognates from defatted African mango ( Irvingia gabonensis) seed kernel. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:2878-2887. [PMID: 36318869 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2140151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Seventeen compounds of diverse classes including four flavonoid glycosides, five ellagic acid derivatives, and eight other metabolites were isolated from the methanolic extract of the defatted seed kernel of Irvingia gabonensis. Among the isolates, quercetin 3-O-methyl-4'-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)]-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1) and 3,3'-di-O-methyl-4'-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosylellagic acid 4-sulfate ester (5) were found to be previously undescribed. Structure elucidation was mainly achieved by the interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectral data. Though compound 6 was previously reported, its 13C NMR data is being reported herein for the first time. To the best of our literature search knowledge, this is the first phytochemical report on I. gabonensis seed kernels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazila Zulfiqar
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Alvaro M Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
- SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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Esposito T, Pisanti S, Martinelli R, Celano R, Mencherini T, Re T, Aquino RP. Couroupita guianensis bark decoction: From Amazonian medicine to the UHPLC-HRMS chemical profile and its role in inflammation processes and re-epithelialization. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116579. [PMID: 37142146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In the Amazon rainforest, the shamans of the Mayantuyacu site use the healing virtues of decoctions and teas from different parts of the Couroupita guianensis Aubl. (Lecythidaceae) trees as remedies in Ashaninka medicine. However, composition of the remedy and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to compare the metabolite profile of Couroupita guianensis bark decoction produced by Amazonian shamans with that obtained under standardised laboratory conditions and to investigate biological properties of both decoction and isolated constituents in skin wound healing process and inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical analyses were carried out by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with UV and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry detectors (UHPLC-UV-HRMS). 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments were performed to identify the main decoction constituents. The decoction and pure compound effect on keratinocyte migration was determined by the in vitro wound healing model; the mechanism of action was elucidated by western blot analysis. RESULTS UHPLC-UV-HRMS analysis revealed the occurrence of polyphenolic compounds as catechins, ellagitannins and, notably, of unusual sulphated derivatives of ellagic acid isolated for the first time from Couroupita guianensis bark. A new natural sulphated molecule [4-(2″-O-sulphate- β-D-glucuronopyranosyl) ellagic acid] was identified as the potential active compound responsible for the efficacy of bark decoction stimulating wound healing in human HaCaT keratinocytes. The molecular mechanism involved the induction of pro-migratory pathways mediated by ERK and AKT phosphorylation and the increase of MMP2 expression in HaCaT cells. At the same time, the treatment inhibited inflammation interfering with NFkB activation. CONCLUSION Beyond identifying a new bioactive compound, the overall results scientifically validate the traditional use of Couroupita guianensis bark decoction as an anti-inflammatory remedy. Moreover, the beneficial effects on keratinocytes suggest promising therapeutic applications in skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Esposito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy; UNESCO Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Simona Pisanti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy; UNESCO Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Rosanna Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy; UNESCO Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Rita Celano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Teresa Mencherini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy; UNESCO Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Tania Re
- UNESCO Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy; UNESCO Chair "Health Anthropology, Biosphere and Healing Systems" University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Rita P Aquino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy; UNESCO Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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Kappen J, Manurung J, Fuchs T, Vemulapalli SPB, Schmitz LM, Frolov A, Agusta A, Muellner-Riehl AN, Griesinger C, Franke K, Wessjohann LA. Challenging Structure Elucidation of Lumnitzeralactone, an Ellagic Acid Derivative from the Mangrove Lumnitzera racemosa. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21040242. [PMID: 37103381 PMCID: PMC10144801 DOI: 10.3390/md21040242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The previously undescribed natural product lumnitzeralactone (1), which represents a derivative of ellagic acid, was isolated from the anti-bacterial extract of the Indonesian mangrove species Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. The structure of lumnitzeralactone (1), a proton-deficient and highly challenging condensed aromatic ring system, was unambiguously elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses involving high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), 1D 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and 2D NMR (including 1,1-ADEQUATE and 1,n-ADEQUATE). Determination of the structure was supported by computer-assisted structure elucidation (CASE system applying ACD-SE), density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and a two-step chemical synthesis. Possible biosynthetic pathways involving mangrove-associated fungi have been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Kappen
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jeprianto Manurung
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tristan Fuchs
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sahithya Phani Babu Vemulapalli
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Research Group for Marine Geochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lea M Schmitz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andria Agusta
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. M.H. Thamrin No. 8, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
| | - Alexandra N Muellner-Riehl
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Franke
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Orlova A, Kysil E, Tsvetkova E, Meshalkina D, Whaley A, Whaley AO, Laub A, Francioso A, Babich O, Wessjohann LA, Mosca L, Frolov A, Povydysh M. Phytochemical Characterization of Water Avens ( Geum rivale L.) Extracts: Structure Assignment and Biological Activity of the Major Phenolic Constituents. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2859. [PMID: 36365312 PMCID: PMC9658556 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Water avens (Geum rivale L.) is a common Rosaceae plant widely spread in Europe and North America. It is rich in biologically active natural products, some of which are promising as prospective pharmaceuticals. The extracts of water avens are well known for their triterpenoid metabolites and associated anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. However, the polyphenolic profiles of G. rivale L. are still awaiting complete characterization. Accordingly, the contribution of its individual components to the antioxidant, antibacterial and neuroprotective activity of the extracts is still unknown. As this plant can be available on an industrial scale, a better knowledge of its properly-relevant constituents might give access to new highly-efficient pharmaceutical substances and functional products. Therefore, herein we comprehensively characterize the secondary metabolome of G. rivale by ESI-HR-MS, ESI-HR-MSn and NMR spectroscopy with a special emphasis on the polyphenolic composition of its aerial parts. Furthermore, a multilateral evaluation of the antioxidant, neuroprotective and antibacterial properties of the aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions of the total aqueous alcoholic extract as well as individual isolated polyphenols was accomplished. Altogether four phenolic acid derivatives (trigalloyl hexose, caffeoyl-hexoside malate, ellagic acid and ellagic acid pentoside), six flavonoids (three quercetin derivatives, kaempferol and three its derivatives and two isorhamnetin derivatives) and four tannins (HHDP-hexoside, proantocyanidin dimer, pedunculagin I and galloyl-bis-HHDP-hexose) were identified in this plant for the first time. The obtained aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions of the total extract as well as the isolated individual compounds showed pronounced antioxidant activity. In addition, a pronounced antibacterial activity against several strains was proved for the studied fractions (for ethyl acetate fraction the highest activity against E. coli АТСС 25922 and S. aureus strains ATCC 27853 and SG-511 (MIC 15.6 μg/mL) was observed; for aqueous fraction-against Staphylococcus aureus SG-511 (MIC 31.2 μg/mL)). However, the anti-neurodegenerative (neuroprotective) properties could not be found with the employed methods. However, the antibacterial activity of the fractions could not be associated with any of the isolated individual major phenolics (excepting 3-O-methylellagic acid). Thus, the aerial parts of water avens represent a promising source of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant activity and therefrom derived human health benefits, although the single constituents isolated so far lack a dominant selectively bioactive constituent in the bioassays performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Orlova
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elana Kysil
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Elena Tsvetkova
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Darya Meshalkina
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrei Whaley
- Department of Pharmacognosy, St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasiia O. Whaley
- Department of Pharmacognosy, St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Annegret Laub
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Antonio Francioso
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Babich
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Ludger A. Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Maria Povydysh
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Allelopathic Potential of Mangroves from the Red River Estuary against the Rice Weed Echinochloa crus-galli and Variation in Their Leaf Metabolome. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192464. [PMID: 36235332 PMCID: PMC9573700 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mangroves are the only forests located at the sea–land interface in tropical and subtropical regions. They are key elements of tropical coastal ecosystems, providing numerous ecosystem services. Among them is the production of specialized metabolites by mangroves and their potential use in agriculture to limit weed growth in cultures. We explored the in vitro allelopathic potential of eight mangrove species’ aqueous leaf extracts (Avicennia marina, Kandelia obovata, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Sonneratia apetala, Sonneratia caseolaris, Aegiceras corniculatum, Lumnitzera racemosa and Rhizophora stylosa) on the germination and growth of Echinochloa crus-galli, a weed species associated with rice, Oryza sativa. Leaf methanolic extracts of mangrove species were also studied via UHPLC-ESI/qToF to compare their metabolite fingerprints. Our results highlight that A. corniculatum and S. apetala negatively affected E. crus-galli development with a stimulating effect or no effect on O. sativa. Phytochemical investigations of A. corniculatum allowed us to putatively annotate three flavonoids and two saponins. For S. apetala, three flavonoids, a tannin and two unusual sulfated ellagic acid derivatives were found. Some of these compounds are described for the first time in these species. Overall, A. corniculatum and S. apetala leaves are proposed as promising natural alternatives against E. crus-galli and should be further assessed under field conditions.
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Supikova K, Kosinova A, Vavrusa M, Koplikova L, François A, Pospisil J, Zatloukal M, Wever R, Hartog A, Gruz J. Sulfated phenolic acids in plants. PLANTA 2022; 255:124. [PMID: 35562552 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated phenolic acids are widely occurring metabolites in plants, including fruits, vegetables and crops. The untargeted UHPLC-QTOF-MS metabolomics of more than 50 samples from plant, fungi and algae lead to the discovery of a small group of sulfated metabolites derived from phenolic acids. These compounds were detected in land plants for the first time. In this study, zosteric acid, 4-(sulfooxy)benzoic acid, 4-(sulfoooxy)phenylacetic acid, ferulic acid 4-sulfate and/or vanillic acid 4-sulfate were detected in a number of edible species/products, including oat (Avena sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), carrot (Daucus carota subsp. Sativus Hoffm.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica Plenck), celery (Apium graveolens L.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea convar. sabauda L.), banana tree (Musa tropicana L.), pineapple fruit (Ananas comosus L.), radish bulb (Raphanus sativus L.) and olive oil (Olea europaea L.). The structural identification of sulfated compounds was performed by comparing retention times and mass spectral data to those of synthesized standards. In addition to above-mentioned compounds, isoferulic acid 3-sulfate and caffeic acid 4-sulfate were putatively identified in celery bulb (Apium graveolens L.) and broccoli floret (Brassica oleracea var. Italica Plenck), respectively. While sulfated phenolic acids were quantified in concentrations ranging from 0.34 to 22.18 µg·g-1 DW, the corresponding non-sulfated acids were mostly undetected or present at lower concentrations. The subsequent analysis of oat symplast and apoplast showed that they are predominantly accumulated in the symplast (> 70%) where they are supposed to be biosynthesized by sulfotransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Supikova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Kosinova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vavrusa
- Department of Experimental Biology, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Koplikova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Anja François
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jiri Pospisil
- Department of Chemical Biology, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Zatloukal
- Department of Chemical Biology, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ron Wever
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit Van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aloysius Hartog
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit Van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jiri Gruz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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