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Gasibat Q, Abdullah B, Samsudin S, Alexe DI, Alexe CI, Tohănean DI. Gender-Specific Patterns of Muscle Imbalance in Elite Badminton Players: A Comprehensive Exploration. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:164. [PMID: 37755841 PMCID: PMC10535948 DOI: 10.3390/sports11090164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The high-intensity demands of overhead sports exert significant stress on the bilateral shoulder complex, triggering adaptive kinematics and a distinct strength imbalance between internal and external rotators. The imbalance being referred to in the given statement poses a potential risk for humeral head displacement and puts nearby tendons under tension, heightening the vulnerability to injury. This study aims to assess muscle imbalances in badminton athletes. The first hypothesis (H1) suggests that there are differences in internal and external shoulder rotation movements between dominant and non-dominant segments in badminton players. The second hypothesis (H2) proposes that there are variations in muscle imbalances based on gender among elite badminton players. The objectives are to analyze these differences and explore potential gender-related variations in muscle imbalances. The study seeks to contribute to the understanding of muscle imbalances in badminton athletes and potentially guide training and injury prevention strategies in the sport. Using a cutting-edge Hand-Held Dynamometer (HHD), a cohort of 30 elite badminton players underwent an assessment to uncover any bilateral shoulder rotation strength imbalances during a challenging five second isometric maximum contraction. The participants boasted an average age of 17.4 years and a mean playing experience of 7.23 years. The study revealed a notable difference in the ratio of external and internal strength between the dominant and non-dominant shoulders (p = 0.000). This discrepancy amounted to a striking 27.93% muscle imbalance in external rotation/internal rotation strength ratios, favoring the dominant shoulder. Moreover, gender-specific differences were detected, with male players exhibiting a 24.54% muscle imbalance in favor of the dominant shoulder, while female players showcased a more substantial 31.33% imbalance (p = 0.000). In light of these findings, it became evident that elite badminton players possess considerably stronger dominant shoulders compared with their non-dominant counterparts. Furthermore, the study revealed that male players experience less muscular imbalance than their female counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qais Gasibat
- Department of Sports Studies, University Putra Malaysia UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (Q.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Borhannudin Abdullah
- Department of Sports Studies, University Putra Malaysia UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (Q.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Shamsulariffin Samsudin
- Department of Sports Studies, University Putra Malaysia UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (Q.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Dan Iulian Alexe
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacău, 600115 Bacău, Romania
| | - Cristina Ioana Alexe
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Performance, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacău, 600115 Bacău, Romania;
| | - Dragoș Ioan Tohănean
- Department of Motric Performance, “Transilvania” University of Brașov, 600115 Brașov, Romania;
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Follmer B, Ruas CV, Dellagrana RA, Pereira De Lima LA, Pinto RS, Diefenthaeler F. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu fighters present greatest rapid and maximal strength imbalances at extreme elbow angles. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2020; 25:126-132. [PMID: 33714483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The performance of Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) fighters is dependent on rapid and maximal elbow strength actions. Appropriate strength balance between elbow flexors (F) and extensors (E) across the full joint range of motion may be required to decrease risk of injuries. AIM To compare rapid and maximal elbow F/E strength balance through full range of motion in BJJ fighters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-three male BJJ fighters (27.9 ± 4.6 years, 82.9 ± 10.9 kg, 174.5 ± 6.8 cm, and 15.3 ± 6.8% body fat) with 8.2 ± 6.5 years of practice volunteered to participate. Participants were tested for rate of torque development (RTD) and peak torque (PT) of elbow F and E at six angles (45°, 60°, 75°, 90°, 105°, and 120°; 0° = full extension). Rapid (F RTD/E RTD) and maximal (F PT/E PT) angle-specific torque (AST) ratios were calculated. RESULTS Rapid AST ratio at 45° (0.66 ± 0.18) and maximal AST ratio at 45° (0.91 ± 0.16) and 120° (0.88 ± 0.20) were significantly less than all other AST ratios at mid-point angles of elbow range of motion (p < 0.05). Individual data demonstrates that both beginners and advanced BJJ fighters present overall similar rapid and maximal F/E AST imbalances. CONCLUSION BJJ fighters present greater rapid and maximal strength imbalances at extreme-compared to mid-point angles of range of motion. Results may benefit coaches to develop strength exercises focusing on these specific angles to potentially reduce the risk of elbow injury and improve performance of BJJ fighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Follmer
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Center of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; School of Exercise Science, Physical, and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Cassio Victora Ruas
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
| | - Rodolfo Andre Dellagrana
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Center of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Luis Antonio Pereira De Lima
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Center of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Ronei Silveira Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Diefenthaeler
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Center of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Morphofunctional upper limb asymmetries in young tennis players: the role of maturity status. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-019-00607-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ruas CV, Pinto RS, Haff GG, Lima CD, Pinto MD, Brown LE. Alternative Methods of Determining Hamstrings-to-Quadriceps Ratios: a Comprehensive Review. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2019; 5:11. [PMID: 30911856 PMCID: PMC6434009 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-019-0185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The hamstrings-to-quadriceps muscle strength ratio calculated by peak torque has been used as an important tool to detect muscle imbalance, monitor knee joint stability, describe muscle strength properties and functionality, and for lower extremity injury prevention and rehabilitation. However, this ratio does not consider other neuromuscular variables that can also influence the antagonist to agonist muscle relationship, such as torque produced at multiple angles of range of motion, explosive strength, muscle size, muscle fatigue, or muscle activation. The aim of this study was to comprehensively review alternative methods of determining the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio. These include ratios calculated by angle-specific torque, rate of torque development, muscle size, fatigue index, and muscle activation (measured by electromyography). Collectively, the literature demonstrates that utilizing alternative methods of determining the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio can be functionally relevant for a better understanding of the neuromuscular mechanisms underpinning the interaction of strength between hamstrings and quadriceps. However, there is insufficient evidence to recommend any of the alternative methods as sensitive clinical tools for predicting injury risk and monitoring knee joint integrity. Future longitudinal studies, along with injury incidence, are needed to further investigate all alternative methods of determining the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio. These have potential to offer insight into how athletes and the general population should be trained for performance enhancement and injury reduction, and may be used along with traditional methods for a thorough assessment of an individual’s H:Q muscle balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassio V Ruas
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
| | - Ronei S Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physioteraphy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Felizardo 750, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - G Gregory Haff
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Camila D Lima
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Matheus D Pinto
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Lee E Brown
- Center for Sport Performance and Human Performance Lab, Department of Kinesiology, California State University, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, USA
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Castro MPD, Fonseca P, Morais ST, Borgonovo-Santos M, Coelho EFC, Ribeiro DC, Vilas-Boas JP. Functional shoulder ratios with high velocities of shoulder internal rotation are most sensitive to determine shoulder rotation torque imbalance: a cross-sectional study with elite handball players and controls. Sports Biomech 2017; 18:39-50. [DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2017.1380222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Peduzzi de Castro
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sports, Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Neuromusculoskeletal Assessment and Clinical Biomechanics Laboratory—LaBClin, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | - Márcio Borgonovo-Santos
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sports, Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Filipe Cruz Coelho
- Faculty of Sports, Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Medical Department, Porto Futbol Club, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Cury Ribeiro
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - João Paulo Vilas-Boas
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sports, Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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