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Sun KA, Moon J. The Moderating Effect of Personal Assets in the Relationships between Subjective Health, Housing Expense, and Life Satisfaction for Korean Middle and Old-Aged. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2866. [PMID: 37958009 PMCID: PMC10650186 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11212866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The proportion of the elderly in Korea has increased. Given the circumstances, this research is intended to explore the characteristics of the elderly. The aim of this research is to explore the antecedents of life satisfaction in the Korean elderly using subjective health. Next, the goal of this research is to appraise the moderating effect of personal assets in the relationship between life satisfaction and housing expenses. The study data consist of 7199 observations from the 2018 and 2020 waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLOSA). This research uses econometric analysis to test the research hypotheses, which include ordinary least squares, fixed-effects, and random-effects regression analyses. Following ordinary least squares, fixed-effects, and random-effects regression analyses, the results indicate a positive influence of subjective health on older Koreans' life satisfaction. Additionally, personal assets positively moderate the association between housing expense and life satisfaction, the most valuable finding of the study. This research sheds light on the literature by revealing the moderating effect on the relationship between housing expense and life satisfaction. Moreover, the results could be used for better policy design with respect to the middle- and old-aged members Korean society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Sun
- Department of Tourism Management, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea;
| | - Joonho Moon
- Department of Tourism Administration, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Ling TY, Lu HT, Kao YP, Chien SC, Chen HC, Lin LF. Understanding the Meaningful Places for Aging-in-Place: A Human-Centric Approach toward Inter-Domain Design Criteria Consideration in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1373. [PMID: 36674127 PMCID: PMC9859358 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is key to inclusion, and it should be taken into account when designing every place of human activity. However, the implementation of such guidelines often fails the human-centric aspiration as health and design domain interpretation gaps impede the suitable reading and implementation strategies. PURPOSE This study aimed to understand critical factors in the place-of-aging and to examine the gap in domain interpretation affecting age-friendly housing. METHODS Using grounded theory as a base, questionnaire interviews were implemented either face-to-face or through an online process by health and design domain experts. Overall, 40 respondents (20 health and 20 design experts) evaluated the key criteria to prioritize according to their value of importance. The factor analysis resulted in the stated deviation, suggesting a necessity to redefine the attributes of the dwelling based on a people, place and process framework. RESULTS The systemic analysis affirmed the inter-disciplinary gap to enhancing the dwelling provision. The health domain experts consistently ranked the criteria higher or equal than the design domain except for safety and security criteria. Both domains agreed that affordability is a main concern, as elders must be able to afford their dwelling choice. CONCLUSION The valuable finding of the key criteria in the study is to uphold the value of the urban health resilience implication as the core of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzen-Ying Ling
- Department of Architecture, Tamkang University, New Taipei 25137, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Tsung Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Pin Kao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Cheng Chien
- Engineering Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Drive, Singapore 138683, Singapore
| | - Hung-Chou Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fong Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei 23561, Taiwan
- School of Gerontology and Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Krishankumar R, Pamucar D, Pandey A, Kar S, Ravichandran KS. Double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic information based framework for personalized ranking of sustainable suppliers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:65371-65390. [PMID: 35486270 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the growing appetite for reducing carbon footprint, organizations are tirelessly working towards green practices and one such crucial practice is purchasing raw materials from sustainable suppliers (SSs). Inspired by the drift in purchase habits, several sustainable suppliers emerged in the market and a rational selection of a suitable sustainable supplier is a complex decision problem. There are many criteria associated with the evaluation of sustainable suppliers, and double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic (DHHFL) structure is a popular preference style that accepts complex linguistic expressions in the natural language form. Earlier studies on sustainable supplier selection infer that (i) complex linguistic expressions are not properly modeled, (ii) interrelationship among criteria must be considered during importance assessment, (iii) direct assignment of attitudinal values of experts causes bias and subjectivity, and (iv) nature of criteria play a crucial role in ranking SSs. To overcome these limitations, a novel MCMD framework is proposed in this study in which the attitudinal characteristic values of experts are calculated by using a variance approach. Besides, importance of diverse sustainable criteria is calculated by proposing novel attitude-CRITIC approach that supports proper capturing of interrelationship among criteria along with experts' attitude values. Later, weighted distance approximation algorithm is presented to DHHFL setting for personalized and cumulative ranking of SSs by properly considering nature of criteria. These methods are integrated to form a framework under DHHFL setting, and its usefulness is exemplified by using a case study of SS selection in an automotive firm. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis as well performed to test the validity of the proposed model approves the applicability, validity, and robustness of the model. Lastly, comparison is done with other methods to understand the merits and shortcomings of the proposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghunathan Krishankumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, TN, India
| | - Dragan Pamucar
- Department of Logistics, Military Academy University of Defence in Belgrade, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Alok Pandey
- Deparment of Mathematics, NIT, Durgapur, WB, India
| | - Samarjit Kar
- Deparment of Mathematics, NIT, Durgapur, WB, India
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Factors Affecting the Intention of Multi-Family House Residents to Age in Place in a Potential Naturally Occurring Retirement Community of Seoul in South Korea. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13168922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study reveals residents’ willingness to live in their current homes and communities and analyzes the factors related to their willingness to age in place in South Korea. Using a questionnaire survey method, data of 289 residents aged 55 or older were collected in apartment areas with the potential to become naturally occurring senior communities in Seoul. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation tests, t-test, ANOVA, factor analysis, and regression analysis by SPSS 26.0, and the findings were followed up. Housing services are very important in aging communities. Physical environment-oriented residential services promote a safe walking environment, facilities to support the elderly, a secure complex environment, a home-safety accident-prevention diagnosis service, home improvement, and home improvement support. Multiple regression analysis showed that residential services or elderly education and activity support services influence aging in place, which is a novel finding revealed in this study.
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Yu J, Ma G, Wang S. Do Age-Friendly Rural Communities Affect Quality of Life? A Comparison of Perceptions from Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147283. [PMID: 34299736 PMCID: PMC8306948 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aging population in rural areas of China faces serious challenges due to urban–rural disparities. In order to improve the active aging of rural older adults, the establishment of age-friendly communities is encouraged. However, globally, the focus is on age-friendly communities in urban areas, not reflecting rural communities. Hence, we addressed the importance of age-friendly rural communities (AFRCs) and aimed to investigate their impact on the quality of life (QoL) of older adults. We examined different perceptions of AFRCs among older adults (aged over 60) and middle-aged people (45–60) in rural communities with questionnaire surveys (n = 470 and 393, respectively). Several statistical methods, such as Chi-squared test, t-test, reliability test, and multiple regression, were adopted to investigate and compare the perceptions of these two. The results indicated that (1) middle-aged people were more satisfied with AFRC components and had a higher QoL than older adults; (2) the QoL of middle-aged people was predicted by housing, accessibility, and outdoor spaces; (3) the QoL of older adults was affected by housing, outdoor spaces, social participation, and public transportation. These findings aid in our understanding of rural communities and the QoL of rural residents. They are helpful for urban planners and policymakers to improve the planning of AFRCs and supplement research on age-friendly communities in rural areas. Practical implementations are proposed for the planning of AFRCs, such as the passive design of residential housing, grouping of community facilities together, and improvement in the hygiene of outdoor spaces in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Yu
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;
| | - Guixia Ma
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;
- Correspondence:
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Rizvi Jafree S, Burhan SK, Khawar A, Mahmood QK, Shahed S. The Impact of Intergenerational Learning on Quality of Life in Older Populations Residing in A Public Sector Old Age Home: A Quasi-experimental Study. JOURNAL OF INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15350770.2021.1942383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amna Khawar
- Lahore College of Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Sarah Shahed
- Forman Christian College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Improving Quality in the Process of Hot Rolling of Steel Sheets. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11125451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The hot rolling of steel sheets is a highly energy-intensive process. There are technical and operational issues associated with this process, and the causes of these issues can be various. This study involved analysis of one issue that has a great influence on the resulting surface quality of rolled sheet metal: rolled foreign material. After the sheet cools, rolled foreign material tends to fall off and a hole then remain on the surface of the sheet. This paper focuses on the search for the root causes of the occurrence of foreign material rolling. The basic categorization of the causes of this issue was performed by experienced long-term operators. The 4M method (man, machine, method, and material) was used to categorize the causes. Pairwise comparison was used to verify the result. Using energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis, the origin of the foreign material was identified. The analysis confirmed that the foreign material was not derived from the primary material. Further research showed that the cause of the issue was the guide rulers, which are a structural part of the rolling mill. Measures were taken to significantly reduce the incidence of the problem, which also had the effect of reducing financial losses, which fell by a third in 18 weeks. In the future, it will be necessary to make design changes (modernization of the rolling mill), which will, however, require more financial investment.
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Wang G, Wang RY, Liu TL, Zhuo Y, Shen K. Application of Hybrid Multiple Attribute Decision-Making Model to Explore the Design Strategies of Children's Facilities in Neighborhood Open Spaces Based on Sensory Integration Theory. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:5556172. [PMID: 34194683 PMCID: PMC8181119 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5556172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the prevalence of sensory integration disorders in children in urban areas has increased. Most existing sensory integration treatments are located in hospital-based sensory integration units; however, medical resources are extremely limited, making it difficult to guarantee the appropriate treatment time and intervention results for many children. The concept of sensory integration therapy must be disseminated widely and correctly to meet these children's needs. Although most urban communities have a high number of children's spaces, these spaces require improvement. This study proposes the incorporation of the concept of sensory integration therapy into neighborhood open spaces for children to positively impact children's sensory development. The purpose of this study is to determine the effective facility factors of an occupational therapy room, translate them into a community facility design, clarify the categories and relative importance of each design attribute, and explore the design strategies of the children's facilities in neighborhood open spaces based on the sensory integration theory. This study investigates the importance of the sensory integration treatment level. The facilities in neighborhood open spaces for children can be considered systemic structures consisting of five partitioned units with different levels of importance among the synergistic components within each unit. These structures will enable children to experience sensory stimulation during daily outdoor play and will serve as preventive and therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wang
- School of Architecture and Applied Art, Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Ruo-Ying Wang
- School of Architecture and Applied Art, Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Ting-Lan Liu
- School of Architecture and Applied Art, Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Ying Zhuo
- School of Architecture and Applied Art, Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Kang Shen
- School of Architecture and Applied Art, Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts, Guangzhou 511400, China
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Abstract
Global warming and climate change are the most pressing issues in the world. This is the inevitable result of human beings pursuing a better quality of life and materials. If the green design concept is used in the design and manufacture of products, the impact of production on the environment will be greatly reduced. Because of this, green product design assessment and improvement activities play an important role in achieving the 2030 sustainable development goals. Product design is the forefront of the entire product development process, and it plays a very critical role. The purpose of this study is to develop a decision-making model for helping decision makers to evaluate and improve the performance of product design systematically. The model combines the design standard of the iF world design guide and multi-attribute decision-making methods. First, the DEMATEL-based analytic network process is used to establish the influential relationship and weights of attributes. Next, the VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno with aspiration-level method is used to obtain the gap between each evaluation attribute and the aspiration level of each design. Finally, this evaluation result uses the influential network relationship map (INRM) to propose various improvement strategies with causal influence. This study uses products from a Taiwanese furniture design company as an empirical case, which is a leading brand and benchmark in Taiwan’s furniture industry. The research results show that the proposed model can help decision makers to choose the most appropriate design scheme (i.e., the design with the smallest gap from expectations); designers can also improve the gap between product design and expectations.
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Abstract
Population ageing presents significant challenges for many countries, one of which is the provision of adequate housing. Developing understanding of the needs and preferences of ageing societies will be crucial in order to assist in the provision of suitable housing and communities that are sustainable in the long term. While a preference to ‘age in place’ is clear in the literature, comparatively less academic research is available on older people’s preferences for more specific housing and environment attributes. The aim of this study is to identify the main housing and environment characteristics that are linked to the health and wellbeing of the elderly and determine the preferences for such characteristics via a survey with UK residents aged 55+. The results indicate a strong preference for independent living and an increasing desire for bungalows in later life. Housing conditions, energy efficiency, thermal comfort, and home adaptions to facilitate ageing in place are particularly important housing characteristics to older people. The location and environment are also key drivers of housing preferences; a safe neighbourhood, accessibility to amenities, public transport, and a clean and walkable environment are particularly important. Preferences varied with age, but gender has a less significant impact on the preferences expressed. The findings of this study will be valuable for stakeholders engaged in housing policy and provision for older people.
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Meng L, Zhu C, Wen KH. Research on Constructing a Healing Environment for the Street Spaces of a High-Density City: Using Street Spaces in Macao's Old City Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134767. [PMID: 32630722 PMCID: PMC7369807 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is commonly recognized that street spaces in high-density cities are able to cause negative impacts in terms of residents’ physical and mental health. This research intends to investigate and analyze how residents use street spaces in a high-density city in order to construct a healing environment for these street spaces. The research was conducted in Macao’s old town by using spatial syntax methods to define the research areas, and implemented on-site observations that evaluated the age of the residents in the space and the conditions of their usage of the space. The study collected data through expert grading and employed the Analytic Hierarchy Process to calculate the weight of each indicator in order to attain accurate and objective research outcomes. The evaluation results indicate that the current Macao street spaces are poor healing environments. By analyzing the effective factors for constructing a healing environment in these street spaces, so that residents can get more space for healing when they use it, the paper aims to provide a model example for those who are involved with city governance, planning and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchao Meng
- Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa 999078, Macao;
| | - Chun Zhu
- Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa 999078, Macao;
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (K.-H.W.); Tel.: +853-28880091 (C.Z.); +853-85996771 (K.-H.W.)
| | - Kuo-Hsun Wen
- School of Arts, Macau Polytechnic Institute, Taipa 999078, Macao
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (K.-H.W.); Tel.: +853-28880091 (C.Z.); +853-85996771 (K.-H.W.)
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Yang Z, Fu Y. Physical Attributes of Housing and Elderly Health: A New Dynamic Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4961. [PMID: 31817683 PMCID: PMC6950626 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining health and improving the quality of life of the elderly is extremely challenging in an aging society. In this study, the relationship between housing and the independence and functional capabilities of the elderly is examined, and the effect of housing conditions on health improvements and their economic benefits for the elderly in terms of medical expenditures are assessed. The study is based on the Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which was conducted in 2011 and 2013. Two indices that measure housing conditions and the health status of the elderly were run through regression and state-transition models. Housing was found to have a positive relationship with the health of the elderly, and the improvement of housing conditions could significantly change health status and decrease medical expenditures. The importance of maintaining the health of the elderly through housing adaptations and the economic benefits of housing interventions are highlighted, as these can contribute to both public health and housing adaption subsidy policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Yang
- Hang Lung Center for Real Estate, Department of Construction Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
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Reform of Chinese Universities in the Context of Sustainable Development: Teacher Evaluation and Improvement Based on Hybrid Multiple Criteria Decision-Making Model. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11195471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
China is pushing universities to implement reforms in order to achieve the sustainable development goals, but with the development level of teachers becoming the key restricting factor. In this sense, teacher evaluation and improvement act as positive factors for China to achieve the 2030 sustainable development goals. Previous studies on teacher evaluation have usually assumed that the relationship between the evaluation criteria is independent, with the weights of each standard derived from this assumption. However, this assumption is often not in line with the actual situation. Decisions based on these studies are likely to waste resources and may negatively impact the efficiency and effectiveness of teachers’ sustainable development. This study developed an integrated model for the evaluation and improvement of teachers based on the official teacher evaluation criteria of China’s International Scholarly Exchange Curriculum (ISEC) programme and a multiple criteria decision-making methodology. First, a decision-making trial and a laboratory-based analytical network process were used to establish an influential network-relation diagram (INRD) and influential weights under ISEC standards. Next, an important performance analysis was used to integrate the weight and performance of each standard to produce a worst-performance criterion set for each university teacher. Finally, the worst performance set used an INRD to derive an improvement strategy with a cause–effect relationship for each teacher. This study chose a Chinese university that has implemented teaching reform for our case study. The results show that our developed model can assist decision-makers to improve their current evaluations of teachers and to provide a cause–effect improvement strategy for education reform committees and higher education institutions.
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Impacts of Leisure and Tourism on the Elderly’s Quality of Life in Intimacy: A Comparative Study in Japan. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10124861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly social activities like leisure and tourism are considered to have positive effects on the elderly’s mental health. Taking Japan as a case study, this research aims to clarify how leisure and tourism contribute to the elderly’s quality of life (QOL) in the domains of leisure and intimacy by comparing populated and depopulated areas. Such research has strong implications for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through healthy aging, but relevant efforts are quite limited. In this study, leisure and tourism behaviors are captured by visit frequency, travel party and expenditure. Quality of life is measured by happiness and life satisfaction in different life domains, in line with the life-oriented approach. Data were collected in 2014 via a nationwide online survey in Japan. Applying a structural equation model (SEM) approach, it is found that leisure behavior contributes to maintaining the elderly’s QOL in leisure life and intimacy domains. Tourism behavior only contributes to QOL in populated areas. Leisure activities strongly enhance QOL in terms of intimacy and improve the neighborhood relationship of the elderly in depopulated areas and family life in populated areas. Enriching daily leisure activities for the elderly would improve their intimate relationships in depopulated areas.
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