Evaluation Methods of Water Environment Safety and Their Application to the Three Northeast Provinces of China

Risk Assessment of Import Cold Chain Logistics Based on Entropy Weight Matter Element Extension Model: A Case Study of Shanghai, China

The development of world trade and fresh-keeping technology has led to the rapid development of international cold chain logistics. However, the novel coronavirus epidemic continues to spread around the world at the present stage, which challenges disease transmission control and safety supervision of international cold chain logistics. Constructing an Import Cold Chain Logistics Safety Supervision System (ICCL-SSS) is helpful for detecting and controlling disease import risk. This paper constructs an evaluation index system of ICCL safety that comprehensively considers the potential risk factors of three ICCL processes: the logistics process in port, the customs clearance process, and the logistics process from port to door. The risk level of ICCL-SSS is evaluated by combining the Extension Decision-making Model and the Entropy Weight Method. The case study of Shanghai, China, the world's largest city of ICCL, shows that the overall risk level of ICCL-SSS in Shanghai is at a moderate level. However, the processes of loading and unloading, inspection and quarantine, disinfection and sterilization, and cargo storage are at high risk specifically. The construction and risk assessment of ICCL-SSS can provide theoretical support and practical guidance for improving the safety supervision ability of ICCL regulation in the post-epidemic era, and helps the local government to scientifically formulate ICCL safety administration policies and accelerate the development of world cold chain trade.

Regional Water Resources Security Evaluation Based on a Hybrid Fuzzy BWM-TOPSIS Method

Nowadays, water resource security is becoming increasingly prominent, and this problem is a primary bottleneck restricting China’s future sustainable development. It is difficult to come to a unified conclusion on water resources security, and applications of highly feasible evaluation methods are lacking in practice. In this paper, a novel evaluation methodology is proposed for regional water resources security evaluation. First, water security is divided into two aspects: water quantity security and water quality security. The disposal rate of harmless household garbage, the excellent water resources proportion, and the functional water body loss proportion are creatively considered as indicators of water quality security in the evaluation system. In addition, a Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is used to evaluate the water security levels in different regions. For distinguishing the importance of different indicators, a Best–Worst Method (BWM) is employed to calculate the indicator weights, as triangular fuzzy linguistic sets can more flexibly describe the preferences of decision makers (DMs) regarding the indicators; therefore, it is embedded in BWM to determine indicator weights. Moreover, the fuzzy BWM-TOPSIS method is applied to evaluate the water security levels of six regions in North China, a comparison analysis with the equal weight TOPSIS method as well as the fuzzy BWM-AHP method, and a sensitivity analysis for indicator weights are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this proposed method. Finally, some suggestions based on the evaluation results are given for effective and rational utilization of water resources in North China.