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Makoś-Chełstowska P, Słupek E, Gębicki J. Agri-food waste biosorbents for volatile organic compounds removal from air and industrial gases - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173910. [PMID: 38880149 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 1.3 billion metric tons of agricultural and food waste is produced annually, highlighting the need for appropriate processing and management strategies. This paper provides an exhaustive overview of the utilization of agri-food waste as a biosorbents for the elimination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from gaseous streams. The review paper underscores the critical role of waste management in the context of a circular economy, wherein waste is not viewed as a final product, but rather as a valuable resource for innovative processes. This perspective is consistent with the principles of resource efficiency and sustainability. Various types of waste have been described as effective biosorbents, and methods for biosorbents preparation have been discussed, including thermal treatment, surface activation, and doping with nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur atoms. This review further investigates the applications of these biosorbents in adsorbing VOCs from gaseous streams and elucidates the primary mechanisms governing the adsorption process. Additionally, this study sheds light on methods of biosorbents regeneration, which is a key aspect of practical applications. The paper concludes with a critical commentary and discussion of future perspectives in this field, emphasizing the need for more research and innovation in waste management to fully realize the potential of a circular economy. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in the potential use of agri-food waste biosorbents for VOCs removal, marking a significant first step toward considering these aspects together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Makoś-Chełstowska
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Edyta Słupek
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Gębicki
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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Makoś-Chełstowska P. VOCs absorption from gas streams using deep eutectic solvents - A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130957. [PMID: 36860043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are one of the most severe atmospheric pollutants. They are mainly emitted into the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources such as automobile exhaust, incomplete fuel combustion, and various industrial processes. VOCs not only cause hazards to human health or the environment but also adversely affect industrial installation components due to their specific properties, i.e., corrosive and reactivity. Therefore, much attention is being paid to developing new methods for capturing VOCs from gaseous streams, i.e., air, process streams, waste streams, or gaseous fuels. Among the available technologies, absorption based on deep eutectic solvents (DES) is widely studied as a green alternative to other commercial processes. This literature review presents a critical summary of the achievements in capturing individual VOCs using DES. The types of used DES and their physicochemical properties affecting absorption efficiency, available methods for evaluating the effectiveness of new technologies, and the possibility of regeneration of DES are described. In addition, critical comments on the new gas purification methods and future perspectives are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Makoś-Chełstowska
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; EcoTech Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Di Pietro T, Cesari L, Mutelet F. Influence of water on the conformations and interactions within two choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents: a density functional theory investigation. Struct Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-023-02156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Green monoterpenes based deep eutectic solvents for effective BTEX absorption from biogas. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Makoś-Chełstowska P, Słupek E, Małachowska A. Superhydrophobic sponges based on green deep eutectic solvents for spill oil removal from water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127972. [PMID: 34891017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The paper described a new method for crude oil-water separation by means of superhydrophobic melamine sponges impregnated by deep eutectic solvents (MS-DES). Due to the numerous potential of two-component DES formation, simple and quick screening of 156 non-ionic deep eutectic solvents using COSMO-RS (Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents) computational model was used. DES which were characterized by high solubility of hydrocarbons and the lowest water solubility were synthesized and embedded on melamine sponges. The new sponges were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and goniometer. Several parameters affecting the crude oil-water separation (i.e. type and amount of DES, density and porosity of sponges, water contact eagle) were thoroughly studied. In order to studies of MS-DES affinity to the selected groups of crude oil i.e. Saturated, Aromatic, Resins, Asphaltenes (SARA) the thin layer liquid chromatography-flame ionization detection (TLC-FID) was used. The obtained results indicate that the melamine sponges impregnated by DES composed of eucalyptol and menthol in 1:5 molar ratio have high real crude oil absorption capacity in the range of 96.1 - 132.2 g/g and slightly depends on crude oil compositions, superhydrophobic properties (water contact angle 152°), low density of 9.23 mg/cm3, high porosity of 99.39%, and excellent reusability which was almost not changing even after 80 cycles. The outcomes indicate that new MS-DES materials could be excellent alternatives as absorbents for the cleanup of crude oil-polluted water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Makoś-Chełstowska
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Edyta Słupek
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Małachowska
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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Tolmachev D, Lukasheva N, Ramazanov R, Nazarychev V, Borzdun N, Volgin I, Andreeva M, Glova A, Melnikova S, Dobrovskiy A, Silber SA, Larin S, de Souza RM, Ribeiro MCC, Lyulin S, Karttunen M. Computer Simulations of Deep Eutectic Solvents: Challenges, Solutions, and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:645. [PMID: 35054840 PMCID: PMC8775846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are one of the most rapidly evolving types of solvents, appearing in a broad range of applications, such as nanotechnology, electrochemistry, biomass transformation, pharmaceuticals, membrane technology, biocomposite development, modern 3D-printing, and many others. The range of their applicability continues to expand, which demands the development of new DESs with improved properties. To do so requires an understanding of the fundamental relationship between the structure and properties of DESs. Computer simulation and machine learning techniques provide a fruitful approach as they can predict and reveal physical mechanisms and readily be linked to experiments. This review is devoted to the computational research of DESs and describes technical features of DES simulations and the corresponding perspectives on various DES applications. The aim is to demonstrate the current frontiers of computational research of DESs and discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Tolmachev
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Natalia Lukasheva
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Ruslan Ramazanov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Victor Nazarychev
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Natalia Borzdun
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Igor Volgin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Maria Andreeva
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Artyom Glova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Sofia Melnikova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Alexey Dobrovskiy
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Steven A. Silber
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada;
- The Centre of Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Sergey Larin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Rafael Maglia de Souza
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil; (R.M.d.S.); (M.C.C.R.)
| | - Mauro Carlos Costa Ribeiro
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil; (R.M.d.S.); (M.C.C.R.)
| | - Sergey Lyulin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Mikko Karttunen
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (R.R.); (V.N.); (N.B.); (I.V.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada;
- The Centre of Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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Efficient Extraction of Fermentation Inhibitors by Means of Green Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010157. [PMID: 35011389 PMCID: PMC8746611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The methods for hydrogen yield efficiency improvements, the gaseous stream purification in gaseous biofuels generation, and the biomass pretreatment are considered as the main trends in research devoted to gaseous biofuel production. The environmental aspect related to the liquid stream purification arises. Moreover, the management of post-fermentation broth with the application of various biorefining techniques gains importance. Chemical compounds occurring in the exhausted liquid phase after biomass pretreatment and subsequent dark and photo fermentation processes are considered as value-added by products. The most valuable are furfural (FF), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and levulinic acid (LA). Enriching their solutions can be carried with the application of liquid–liquid extraction with the use of a suitable solvent. In these studies, hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were tested as extractants. The screening of 56 DESs was carried out using the Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS). DESs which exposed the highest inhibitory effect on fermentation and negligible water solubility were prepared. The LA, FF, and HMF were analyzed using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the basic physicochemical properties of DES were carefully studied. In the second part of the paper, deep eutectic solvents were used for the extraction of FF, LA, and HMF from post-fermentation broth (PFB). The main extraction parameters, i.e., temperature, pH, and DES: PFB volume ratio (VDES:VPFB), were optimized by means of a Box–Behnken design model. Two approaches have been proposed for extraction process. In the first approach, DES was used as a solvent. In the second, one of the DES components was added to the sample, and DES was generated in situ. To enhance the post-fermentation broth management, optimization of the parameters promoting HMF, FF, and LA extraction was carried under real conditions. Moreover, the antimicrobial effect of the extraction of FF, HMF, and LA was investigated to define the possibility of simultaneous separation of microbial parts and denatured peptides via precipitation.
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Makoś-Chełstowska P, Słupek E, Kramarz A, Gębicki J. New Carvone-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents for Siloxanes Capture from Biogas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179551. [PMID: 34502455 PMCID: PMC8431123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
During biogas combustion, siloxanes form deposits of SiO2 on engine components, thus shortening the lifespan of the installation. Therefore, the development of new methods for the purification of biogas is receiving increasing attention. One of the most effective methods is physical absorption with the use of appropriate solvents. According to the principles of green engineering, solvents should be biodegradable, non-toxic, and have a high absorption capacity. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) possess such characteristics. In the literature, due to the very large number of DES combinations, conductor-like screening models for real solvents (COSMO-RS), based on the comparison of siloxane activity coefficient of 90 DESs of various types, were studied. DESs, which have the highest affinity to siloxanes, were synthesized. The most important physicochemical properties of DESs were carefully studied. In order to explain of the mechanism of DES formation, and the interaction between DES and siloxanes, the theoretical studies based on σ-profiles, and experimental studies including the 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR spectra, were applied. The obtained results indicated that the new DESs, which were composed of carvone and carboxylic acids, were characterized by the highest affinity to siloxanes. It was shown that the hydrogen bonds between the active ketone group (=O) and the carboxyl group (-COOH) determined the formation of stable DESs with a melting point much lower than those of the individual components. On the other hand, non-bonded interactions mainly determined the effective capture of siloxanes with DES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Makoś-Chełstowska
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (P.M.-C.); (E.S.); (A.K.)
- EcoTech Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Edyta Słupek
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (P.M.-C.); (E.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Kramarz
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (P.M.-C.); (E.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Jacek Gębicki
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (P.M.-C.); (E.S.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Makoś-Chełstowska P, Chromá R, Andruch V. Closer look into the structures of tetrabutylammonium bromide–glycerol-based deep eutectic solvents and their mixtures with water. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Choline dihydrogen phosphate-based deep eutectic solvent: A suitable bioplatform for lipase extraction. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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M. S, Sreekumar K. Dual solvent-catalyst role of deep eutectic solvents in Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1904261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaibuna M.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
| | - K. Sreekumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
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Słupek E, Makoś-Chełstowska P, Gębicki J. Removal of Siloxanes from Model Biogas by Means of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Absorption Process. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:E241. [PMID: 33418968 PMCID: PMC7825351 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents the screening of 20 deep eutectic solvents (DESs) composed of tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) and glycols in various molar ratios, and 6 conventional solvents as absorbents for removal of siloxanes from model biogas stream. The screening was achieved using the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) based on the comparison of siloxane solubility in DESs. For the DES which was characterized by the highest solubility of siloxanes, studies of physicochemical properties, i.e., viscosity, density, and melting point, were performed. DES composed of tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) and tetraethylene glycol (TEG) in a 1:3 molar ratio was used as an absorbent in experimental studies in which several parameters were optimized, i.e., the temperature, absorbent volume, and model biogas flow rate. The mechanism of siloxanes removal was evaluated by means of an experimental FT-IR analysis as well as by theoretical studies based on σ-profile and σ-potential. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that TPABr:TEG (1:3) is a very effective absorption solvent for the removal of siloxanes from model biogas, and the main driving force of the absorption process is the formation of the hydrogen bonds between DES and siloxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrycja Makoś-Chełstowska
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (E.S.); (J.G.)
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Farooq MQ, Abbasi NM, Anderson JL. Deep eutectic solvents in separations: Methods of preparation, polarity, and applications in extractions and capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1633:461613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Theoretical and Economic Evaluation of Low-Cost Deep Eutectic Solvents for Effective Biogas Upgrading to Bio-Methane. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13133379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the theoretical screening of 23 low-cost deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as absorbents for effective removal of the main impurities from biogas streams using a conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS). Based on thermodynamic parameters, i.e., the activity coefficient, excess enthalpy, and Henry’s constant, two DESs composed of choline chloride: urea in a 1:2 molar ratio (ChCl:U 1:2), and choline chloride: oxalic acid in a 1:2 molar ratio (ChCl:OA 1:2) were selected as the most effective absorbents. The σ-profile and σ-potential were used in order to explain the mechanism of the absorptive removal of CO2, H2S, and siloxanes from a biogas stream. In addition, an economic analysis was prepared to demonstrate the competitiveness of new DESs in the sorbents market. The unit cost of 1 m3 of pure bio-methane was estimated to be in the range of 0.35–0.37 EUR, which is comparable to currently used technologies.
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Makoś P, Słupek E, Gębicki J. Extractive detoxification of feedstocks for the production of biofuels using new hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents – Experimental and theoretical studies. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Makoś P, Słupek E, Małachowska A. Silica Gel Impregnated by Deep Eutectic Solvents for Adsorptive Removal of BTEX from Gas Streams. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13081894. [PMID: 32316513 PMCID: PMC7215770 DOI: 10.3390/ma13081894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents the preparation of new adsorbents based on silica gel (SiO2) impregnated with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to increase benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene (BTEX) adsorption efficiency from gas streams. The DESs were synthesized by means of choline chloride, tetrapropylammonium bromide, levulinic acid, lactic acid, and phenol. The physico-chemical properties of new sorbent materials, including surface morphology and structures, as well as porosity, were studied by means of thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. The effect of DESs type, flow rate, and initial concentration of BTEX were also investigated followed by regeneration and reusability of adsorbents. The results indicate that SiO2 impregnated with tetrapropylammonium bromide and lactic acid in a 1:2 molar ratio have great potential for the removal of BTEX from gas streams. Its adsorption capacity was higher than the pure SiO2 and other developed SiO2-DES adsorbents. This result can be explained by the specific interaction between DESs and BTEX, i.e., hydrogen bonds interaction.
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