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Kranke DA, Kranke B, Solorzano E, Gioia D, Dobalian A. Applying a Novel Approach to Understanding Social Worker Job Retention during the Pandemic. SOCIAL WORK 2024; 69:151-157. [PMID: 38366959 DOI: 10.1093/sw/swae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The job demands-resources (JD-R) theory explicates factors that facilitated social worker burnout prepandemic. Authors believe the JD-R theory can illustrate how certain factors facilitated social worker job retention in the novel context of the pandemic because a sizable group of social workers resisted burnout-related turnover. Disseminating these factors can benefit the profession. Qualitative cross-sectional data were elicited from a semistructured interview about experiences of U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) outpatient social workers (N = 13) who provided care during the pandemic. Authors conducted content analysis and coded the text into six themes of factors that facilitated retention: (1) commitment to serving veteran population, (2) job flexibility, (3) supportive colleagues, (4) leadership support, (5) maintaining normal routines, and (6) trusting in scientific/evidence-based practices. Application of the JD-R theory illustrated how social workers utilized specific resources that balanced job demands during the pandemic and facilitated job retention. Future work should apply the JD-R theory among larger samples of VA social workers, as well as non-VA social workers, in the context of the pandemic, for comparative purposes. Authors conclude with policy implications related to the impact of permanently allowing telework options and job flexibility options among social workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Alan Kranke
- PhD, is health science specialist, Veterans Emergency Management Evaluation Center (VEMEC), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), 16111 Plummer Street, North Hills, CA 91343, USA
| | | | | | - Debbie Gioia
- PhD, is associate professor, School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Yao Y, Yao J, Chen S, Zhang X, Meng H, Li Y, Lu L. Psychological Capital and Self-Acceptance Modified the Association of Depressive Tendency with Self-Rated Health of College Students in China during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:552. [PMID: 37503999 PMCID: PMC10376835 DOI: 10.3390/bs13070552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the association between the self-reported health status, depressive tendency, psychological capital, and self-acceptance of college students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Using the online survey platform "questionnaire star", a two-phase cross-sectional study was conducted on a total number of 1438 undergraduates with informed consents. The questionnaires of Self-Rated Health Measurement Scale (SRHMS), the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24), and self-acceptance questionnaire were administered to each participant. RESULTS Male college students had significantly higher depressive tendency scores than female (17.59 vs. 15.82) (p < 0.01). College students having no siblings had significantly higher psychological capital scores than those having siblings (108.63 vs. 105.60) (p < 0.05). Exercise had significantly positive associations with self-rated health, psychological capital, and self-acceptance scores, while online time per day had significantly negative associations. Multivariate analysis showed that the interaction between depressive tendency, psychological capital, and self-acceptance was statistically significant (β = 0.004, p = 0.013 for phase 1 and β = 0.002, p = 0.025 for phase 2) in health status with depressive tendency ranking the top (β = -0.54 for phase 1 and -0.41 for phase 2, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis showed that psychological capital and self-acceptance modified the association of depressive tendency with health status. CONCLUSION Physical exercise is beneficial to both physical and psychological health. Depressive tendency is the main risk factor that associates with self-rated health. Regardless of depressive tendency level, high psychological capital and self-acceptance could improve college students' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcheng Yao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Junyan Yao
- College of Elementary Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shuyan Chen
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Hongling Meng
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Yuping Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA
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3
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Kanda K, Tei S, Takahashi H, Fujino J. Neural basis underlying the sense of coherence in medical professionals revealed by the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288042. [PMID: 37390054 PMCID: PMC10313006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although mitigating burnout has long been a pressing issue in healthcare, recent global disasters, including the COVID-19 pandemic and wars, have exacerbated this problem. Medical professionals are frequently exposed to diverse job-induced distress; furthermore, the importance of people's sense of coherence (SOC) over work has been addressed to better deal with burnout. However, the neural mechanisms underlying SOC in medical professionals are not sufficiently investigated. In this study, the intrinsic fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) were measured as an indicator of regional brain spontaneous activity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in registered nurses. The associations between participants' SOC levels and the fALFF values within brain regions were subsequently explored. The SOC scale scores were positively correlated with fALFF values in the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and the left inferior parietal lobule. Furthermore, the SOC levels of the participants mediated the link between their fALFF values in the right SFG and the depersonalization dimension of burnout. The results deepened the understanding of the counter role of SOC on burnout in medical professionals and may provide practical insights for developing efficient interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kanda
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shisei Tei
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Kita-karasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Applied Brain Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
- School of Human and Social Sciences, Tokyo International University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Kita-karasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Fujino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Kita-karasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Boyas JF, Moore D, Duran MY, Fuentes J, Woodiwiss J, McCoy L, Cirino A. Exploring the health of child protection workers: A call to action. Health Promot Perspect 2022; 12:381-390. [PMID: 36852203 PMCID: PMC9958233 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2022.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This exploratory study determined if a relationship exists between secondary traumatic stress (STS) related to health status, health outcomes, and health practices among child protection workers in a Southern state. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional survey research design that included a non-probability sample of child protection workers (N=196). Data were collected face-to-face and online between April 2018 and November 2019 from multiple county agencies. A self-administered questionnaire was completed focused on various health behaviors, outcomes, and workplace perceptions. Results: Results of the zero-order correlations suggest that higher levels of STS were significantly associated with not having visited a doctor for a routine checkup (r=-0.17, P=0.04), more trips to see a doctor (r=0.16, P=0.01), and increased number of visits to emergency room (ER) (r=0.20, P=0.01). Lower levels of STS were associated with better self-rated health (SRH) (r=-0.32, P≤0.001), higher perceptions of health promotion at work (r=-0.29, P≤0.001), frequent exercise (r=-0.21, P=0.01), and by avoiding salt (r=-0.20, P≤0.031). T-test results suggest that workers who did not have children (µ=45.85, SD=14.02, P=0.01) and non-Hispanic white workers (µ=51.79, SD=11.62, P≤0.001) reported significantly higher STS levels than workers who had children (µ=39.73, SD=14.58) and self-identified as Black (µ=39.01, SD=14.38). Conclusion: Findings show that increased interpersonal trauma was linked to unhealthy eating, general physical health problems, and health care utilization. If not addressed, both STS and poor health and health outcomes can have unfavorable employee outcomes, such as poor service delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier F. Boyas
- Troy University, School of Social Work and Human Services, 112A Wright Hall, Troy, AL, 36082, USA,Corresponding Author: Javier F. Boyas,
| | - Debra Moore
- Troy University, School of Social Work and Human Services, 112A Wright Hall, Troy, AL, 36082, USA
| | - Maritza Y. Duran
- University of Georgia, School of Social Work, 279 Williams St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jacqueline Fuentes
- University of Georgia, School of Social Work, 279 Williams St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jana Woodiwiss
- University of Georgia, School of Social Work, 279 Williams St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Leah McCoy
- University of Georgia, School of Social Work, 279 Williams St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Antonella Cirino
- University of Georgia, School of Social Work, 279 Williams St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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5
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Tartakovsky E, Baltiansky G. Native and immigrant social workers working with immigrants: Appraisal of the immigrant group, acculturation orientations and burnout. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e5115-e5124. [PMID: 35866291 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the effects of group appraisal and acculturation orientations on burnout of social workers working with immigrants. The study is based on the Threat-Benefit and the Acculturation Theories. The proposed theoretical model was tested in a sample of social workers working with immigrants from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) in Israel (n = 313). Amongst the study participants, 254 were Israeli born, and 59 were immigrants from the FSU. The results demonstrated that social workers' acculturation orientations mediate the connection between the appraisal of the immigrant group and the social workers' burnout when working with immigrants from this group. Specifically, appraisal of immigrants as beneficial for the receiving society was associated with a stronger orientation towards preserving the immigrant culture (β = 0.22). On the other hand, appraisal of immigrants as threatening the receiving society was associated with a weaker orientation towards preserving the immigrant culture (β = -0.21) and with a stronger orientation towards acquiring the majority culture by immigrants (β = 0.12). A stronger acculturation orientation related to preserving the immigrant culture was associated with a lower level of burnout (β = -0.13) and a higher sense of personal accomplishments of social workers working with immigrants (β = 0.20). Immigrant social workers, compared to their native colleagues, reported a higher level of personal accomplishment (M[SD]IM = 5.08[1.24] vs. M[SD]IS = 4.21[1.39]) but also a higher level of burnout working with immigrant clients (M[SD]IM = 1.88[0.83] vs. M[SD]IS = 1.60[0.63]). The main conclusion following the present study relates to the importance of developing a positive appraisal of immigrants and accepting the immigrant culture for successful work with immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gil Baltiansky
- Tel-Aviv University, The School of Social Work, Tel Aviv, Israel
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6
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Jing X, Meng H, Li Y, Lu L, Yao Y. Associations of Psychological Capital, Coping Style and Emotional Intelligence with Self-Rated Health Status of College Students in China During COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:2587-2597. [PMID: 36133628 PMCID: PMC9482953 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s383743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 lockdown can lead to mental health problem, and the problem is heterogeneous across individuals. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between the self-reported health status, emotional coping style, emotional intelligence and positive psychological state of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods The questionnaires of Self-rated Health Measurement Scale (SRHMS), Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) were used for online survey. The study included 367 undergraduates. Results Undergraduate sex, sibling and birth of place were associated with either psychological capital scores or emotional intelligence. Online time per day had significantly negative associations with self-rated health and psychological capital scores. Multivariate analysis showed that the interaction between emotional intelligence, psychological capital and coping styles was statistically significant (β = −0.112, p = 0.045) in health status with psychological capital ranking the top (β = 0.428). Mediation analysis showed that psychological capital and coping style modified the effect of emotional intelligence on health status. Conclusion Psychological capital and coping style modified the effect of emotional intelligence on health status in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this pandemic emergency, a comprehensive intervention, such as positive coping styles with optimistic emotional perception and understanding as well as social support, is an important measure against the pandemic-induced mental health problem in college students in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhi Jing
- School of Medicine, Xinyang Vocational and Technical College, Xinyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongling Meng
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yongcheng Yao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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7
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Hung WL, Liu HT. Causal Model Analysis of Police Officers' COVID-19 Fear, Resistance to Organizational Change Effect on Emotional Exhaustion and Insomnia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10374. [PMID: 36012009 PMCID: PMC9408193 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the end of 2019, COVID-19 has continued to spread around the world. The police have performed various epidemic prevention and routine duties. This study explores how police officers' COVID-19 fear, resistance to organizational change, intolerance of uncertainty, and secondary trauma affect emotional exhaustion and insomnia in the context of COVID-19. A total of 205 valid police samples were collected in this study, and the established hypotheses were tested using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results of the study confirmed that during the COVID-19 outbreak, secondary trauma of police officers positively affects emotional exhaustion and insomnia; intolerance of uncertainty positively affects emotional exhaustion; resistance to organizational change positively affects intolerance of uncertainty and emotional exhaustion; intolerance of uncertainty mediates the relationship between resistance to organizational change and emotional exhaustion; COVID-19 fear positively influences secondary trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Hung
- Department of Criminal Justice, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Te Liu
- Department of Public Affairs and Administration, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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8
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Ratzon A, Farhi M, Ratzon N, Adini B. Resilience at Work, Burnout, Secondary Trauma, and Compassion Satisfaction of Social Workers Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095500. [PMID: 35564893 PMCID: PMC9099676 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Social workers during the COVID-19 pandemic are at risk due to exposure to varied populations in need, which may impact their resilience, burnout, secondary trauma, and compassion satisfaction. The study assessed resilience at work, burnout, secondary trauma, and compassion satisfaction among social workers in Israel during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (May to June 2020). A convenience sample of 332 social workers (291 women (87.6%)) filled out an online, structured questionnaire that included demographics, a professional quality of life scale (ProQOL) (including three subscales), and resilience at work (RAW) (including seven subscales). The overall mean of the RAW was medium (M = 71, SD ± 8.9) compared to standardized scores. The mean scores of two of the subscales of the RAW, maintaining perspective and staying healthy, were low. The mean scores of the sub-scales of ProQOL were: compassion satisfaction was close to the 50th percentile (M = 48.25); burnout (M = 30.18) and secondary trauma (M = 26.27) were below the 25th percentile. Significant low to medium positive associations were found between all the dependent variables, except for staying healthy. A negative association was identified between compassion satisfaction and burnout, as well as between compassion satisfaction and secondary trauma. High levels of compassion satisfaction and contentment, low levels of secondary trauma, and having a managerial position were predicted to be 40% of the RAW. Lower levels of maintaining perspective, secondary trauma, and being younger predicted 27% of burnout. Higher levels of finding your calling, living authentically, maintaining perspective, interacting cooperatively, being older, and not being a manager predicted 58% of compassion satisfaction. Lower levels of burnout, maintaining perspective, and being younger predicted 36% of secondary trauma. As the COVID-19 pandemic still challenges most societies, policymakers should consider ways to integrate mechanisms that will enhance social workers’ resilience at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anva Ratzon
- Independent Researcher, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Moshe Farhi
- Social Work Department, Tel-Hai College, Qiryat Shemona 1220800, Israel;
| | - Navah Ratzon
- Occupational Therapy Department, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Bruria Adini
- Department of Emergency & Disaster Management, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
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9
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Work motivation associated with depression: The role of job burnout and mental resilience. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Social and psychological resources moderate the relation between anxiety, fatigue, compliance and turnover intention during the COVID-19 pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-07-2021-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe workplace health management lessons to be learned from the pandemic are important. However, few studies have examined the relationship between workplace anxiety, resources and behaviors during the pandemic. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the relationship between anxiety, fatigue, compliance, turnover intention and social and psychological resources during the COVID-19 pandemic by applying the conservation of resources (COR) theory.Design/methodology/approachPath analysis was carried out using data obtained from a questionnaire survey conducted on 2,973 Chinese employees of Japanese companies in China.FindingsThe analysis showed that anxiety had a positive correlation with compliance, but simultaneously had a positive correlation with fatigue and turnover intention; psychological resources moderated to weaken the relationships between anxiety and compliance/fatigue; social resources moderated to strengthen the negative correlation between compliance and willingness to leave.Research limitations/implicationsThis study targeted employees of Japanese companies in China. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to verify generalizability as to whether it applies to employees of companies of other nationalities in other countries. Also, the authors used newly developed scales instead of the general psychological scales. Therefore, it is necessary to verify the reproducibility using a more general scale.Practical implicationsAnxiety encourages compliance practices but also increases fatigue and willingness to leave. Therefore, a method of inciting anxiety and making employees follow rules reduces the strength of an organization. To overcome this dilemma, managers need to provide psychological and social resources.Originality/valueThis study is the first to show how effective social and psychological resources are in the management of anxiety and fatigue in achieving high performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was conducted in the very early days of the COVID-19 pandemic with the cooperation of employees working for Japanese companies in China. However, the importance of utilizing resources in a crisis revealed by this study can be applied to all kinds of disasters.Highlights:-The current study is the result of a survey conducted on employees of Japanese companies in China in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic.-Anxiety had a positive effect of promoting compliance and a negative effect of increasing fatigue and willingness to leave the job.-Psychological resources mitigated these effects of anxiety and, as a result, reduced fatigue and willingness to leave.-Social resources enhanced the effect of compliance on reducing willingness to leave.-Workplace health problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic should be addressed by increasing employee resources on a regular basis, rather than aggravating anxiety.
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11
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The ProQol-20, a restructured version of the professional quality of life scale (ProQOL). CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02755-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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[Attachment Representations and Burnout of Social Workers]. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2022; 71:72-93. [PMID: 35023821 DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2022.71.1.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the distribution of attachment representations among social work professionals using the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP; George, West, Pettem, 1997). In this sample, the influence of attachment on the occurrence of burnout syndrome is investigated, as this is considered as a trigger for further mental and physical illnesses. For this purpose, 79 social pedagogical professionals from the German-speaking part of Switzerland were examined over four time points using the Burnout Screening Scales - BOSS. The following distribution of attachment representations was found using the AAP: 25.3 % secure, 38.0 % insecure dismissing, 27.8 % insecure preoccupied, and 8.9 % unresolved trauma. This distribution differs significantly from other samples of non-clinical adults and psychotherapists. Interestingly, no general associations emerged between insecure attachment representations and burnout. A significant positive correlation was shown between "unresolved trauma" and the suspected diagnosis of "burnout occupation". The so far few but contradictory empirical findings on attachment representations among professionals require further research activities as well as an intensive sensitization with regard to attachment theory in basic and further training courses and a further establishment of self-awareness and supervision components in all psychosocial fields of work.
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13
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Positive Organizational Practices, Life Satisfaction, and Psychological Capital in the Public and Private Sectors. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14010488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Public and private sector employees confronted stressful life circumstances that affected the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, new knowledge on possible psychological and organizational resources is needed. This study aimed to explore positive organizational practices, psychological capital, and life satisfaction of employees in the public and private sectors. The survey applied the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Psychological Capital Questionnaire—PCQ-24, validated in the Lithuanian population (the Lith-PCQ-21), and the Positive Organizational Practices Questionnaire. The sample consisted of 582 employees, including 443 public sector and 139 private sector employees. The respondents’ mean age was 42.0981 years (SD = 13.23083). The CFA results confirmed the six-factor structure of positive organizational practices, χ2 = 270,884.785; Df = 406; CFI = 0.996; TLI = 0.996; NFI = 0.995; RMSEA = 0.074 [0.070–0.078]; SRMR = 0.043, the four-factor structure of psychological capital, χ2 = 32,780.109; Df = 190; CFI = 0.983; TLI = 0.980; NFI = 0.978; RMSEA = 0.082 [0.076–0.088]; SRMR = 0.067, and one factor structure of life satisfaction, χ2 = 10,588.246; Df = 10; CFI = 0.999; TLI = 0.999; NFI = 0.999; RMSEA = 0.022 [0.000–0.066]; SRMR = 0.014. The findings revealed that private sector employees demonstrated higher scores of dignity, support, care, forgiveness, and overall positive organizational practices than public sector employees. Private sector employees demonstrated higher optimism scores than public sector employees, and public sector employees demonstrated higher self-efficacy scores than private sector employees. Male employees demonstrated significantly higher scores on dignity, meaning, and forgiveness than females. Significant positive correlations were found between age and resilience, care and age, care and number of working years, care and number of working years in the current organization. Psychological capital mediated the link between positive organizational practices and life satisfaction. Positive organizational practices were linked to life satisfaction and psychological capital in both employees’ groups, but the features of links were distinctive in the public and private sectors. These results signify the importance of positive organizational practices and psychological capital for the life satisfaction of employees.
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14
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Xu F, Xu S, Zhu J, Zhou J, Zhang B, Yang C. Why and When Do Good Soldiers Behave Unethically? Introducing Conservation of Resources Theory to Explain the Curvilinear Effects of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Front Psychol 2021; 12:619657. [PMID: 34393873 PMCID: PMC8356080 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.619657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research about organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and counterproductive work behavior (CWB) has produced contradictory results. Drawing from the conservation of resources (COR) theory, the present study tries to explain the contradictory findings by examining the curvilinear relationship between OCB and CWB. Using data collected at three time points from 426 employees and 110 supervisors in Chinese companies, data analysis shows that OCB has an inverted U-shaped relationship with CWB. The results also demonstrate that citizenship fatigue mediates the relationship between OCB and CWB, perceived organizational support (POS) moderates the relationship between OCB and citizenship fatigue. In addition, POS moderates the mediating effect of citizenship fatigue in the inverted U-shaped curvilinear relationship between OCB and CWB. This mediating effect is stronger under conditions of low POS than high POS. The findings present a complementary explanation of the conflicting relationships between OCB and CWB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Xu
- School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyong Xu
- Center for Human Resource Development and Assessment, School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jinqiang Zhu
- School of Management, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyi Zhou
- Department of Business Administration, Donlinks School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Bainan Zhang
- School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmeng Yang
- School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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15
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Tu Z, He J, Zhou N, Shen X. Driver-passenger communicative stress and psychological distress among Chinese bus drivers: the mediating effect of job burnout. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:547. [PMID: 33743660 PMCID: PMC7980616 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the relationship between driver-passenger communicative stress and psychological distress among bus drivers, as well as whether job burnout mediates the effect of driver-passenger communicative stress on psychological distress. METHODS A questionnaire consisting of a 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), a one-item driver-passenger communicative stress scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), as well as sociodemographic and work factors, was distributed to 310 bus drivers in Shanghai, of which 307 completed it (99.0% response rate). A parallel multiple mediation model with bootstrap approach, was calculated to test the mediating effect. RESULTS Driver-passenger communicative stress, emotional exhaustion and cynicism were positively associated with psychological distress. Communicative stress was significantly positively linked with two of the three dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion and cynicism) and dependent variable. Emotional exhaustion and cynicism were positively associated with the dependent variable. The results indicate that emotional exhaustion and cynicism partially mediated the effect of communicative stress on psychological health, and that 60.0% of this effect can be explained by mediating effects, in which emotional exhaustion and cynicism weighed 63.2% and 36.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Communicative stress had effects on psychological distress among Chinese bus drivers, and job burnout was a mediator in this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Tu
- Department of Nautical psychology, Faculty of Psychology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen He
- Department of Medical Psychology, NO.96609 Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Na Zhou
- Mental health education center, Facult of Psychology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinghua Shen
- Department of Nautical psychology, Faculty of Psychology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Burnout, Psychological Capital and Health during COVID-19 Social Isolation: A Longitudinal Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031064. [PMID: 33504110 PMCID: PMC7908184 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Drawing on the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic and its sanitary measures on coping strategies for preserving health, it is also necessary to add exposure to certain work stressors, such as burnout. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the confinement situation caused by COVID-19 on the levels of self-perceived health and psychological capital in a sample of workers, as well as to analyze whether exposure to burnout before social isolation would help to explain the levels of health and psychological capital. Methods: Data were collected in a longitudinal design. Time 1 surveys (December 2019) were sent to a sample of 354 Spanish workers while in Time 2 (April 2020) the employees completed 235 questionnaires. Results: Our findings indicate a significant worsening of employees’ health perception (t = −4.13; p < 0.01) and psychological capital (4.10, p < 0.01) levels during mandatory confinement in Spain. Our results also revealed that emotional exhaustion is the only burnout dimension capable of explaining the variance of health while self-efficacy does regarding psychological capital. Conclusion: We conclude a significant reduction in self-perceived health and psychological capital during COVID-19 mandatory confinement, and that burnout acts as a predictor variable in both health and psychological capital variance.
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The Mediating Role of Insomnia and Exhaustion in the Relationship between Secondary Traumatic Stress and Mental Health Complaints among Frontline Medical Staff during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:bs10110164. [PMID: 33114678 PMCID: PMC7692994 DOI: 10.3390/bs10110164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) brought significant psychological implications for healthcare professionals. We aimed to investigate the serial mediation effect of insomnia and exhaustion in the relationship between secondary traumatic stress (STS) and mental health complaints among the frontline healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this cross-sectional study, 126 frontline healthcare workers from Romania completed validated surveys between March and April 2020. PROCESS macros were used to test the proposed hypotheses of the three-path mediation model. We computed the models for insomnia as the first mediator (M1) and exhaustion (M2) as our second mediator. STS was significantly related to insomnia. Insomnia was significantly related to exhaustion, and STS was positively related to exhaustion. In the third model, exhaustion was strongly and positively related to mental health complaints. The total indirect effect was positive, and the sequential indirect impact of STS on mental health complaints via both mediators in series (insomnia and exhaustion) was significant. Secondary traumatic stress had a positive direct effect on mental health complaints. In our limited sample, the results show that frontline medical staff during the COVID-19 outbreak have high STS, which are related to mental health complaints through insomnia and exhaustion.
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18
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Psychological Capital, Workload, and Burnout: What’s New? The Impact of Personal Accomplishment to Promote Sustainable Working Conditions. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12198124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Research on burnout has traditionally focused on job demands, with less attention paid to protective factors. From the emerging and innovative area of psychology of sustainability and sustainable development, this study aimed to analyze the relationship that job demands (workload), and personal resources (psychological capital) have with burnout. The sample includes 517 workers from various professional sectors. Results of the structural equation analysis show that (1) psychological capital and workload are related to burnout, and (2) personal accomplishment is more a personal resource than burnout dimension. The results confirm the role of psychological capital as a protective factor for burnout. Finally, the importance of examining the relationship between the components of psychological capital, personal accomplishment, and positive emotions is pointed out due to the importance of organizations promoting the development of psychological strengths and resources to promote well-being and sustainable working conditions.
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A Proof-of-Concept System Dynamics Simulation Model of the Development of Burnout and Recovery Using Retrospective Case Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165964. [PMID: 32824546 PMCID: PMC7459661 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of burnout is a complex issue, which despite major efforts from researchers and organizations remains hard to prevent. The current literature highlights an increasing global prevalence of employees that are dealing with burnout. What has been largely missing is a more systemic, dynamic, and personal perspective on the interactions of the key determinants of burnout. Burnout can be seen as the outcome of a complex system involving feedback loops between individual mental models, individual behavior, and external social influences. Understanding the feedback loops involved may enable employees and organizations to intervene in burnout trajectories early and effectively. System dynamics (SD) modeling is a methodology that can describe the structure and behavior of a complex system. The current paper describes the development of an SD model of burnout. First, an expert- and literature-informed causal loop diagram (CLD) of burnout is developed. Then, a novel approach is developed to collect personal retrospective scenario data. Finally, the CLD and data are translated into a quantitative SD model. The potential of the SD model is illustrated by simulating the behavior of three realistic personas during the onset of and recovery from burnout. The process of development of an SD model of burnout is presented and the strengths and limitations of the approach are discussed.
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