Modeling and Validation of the Cool Summer Microclimate Formed by Passive Cooling Elements in a Semi-Outdoor Building Space

Experimental and Numerical Analysis on Effect of Passive Cooling Methods on an Indoor Thermal Environment Having Floor-Level Windows

Natural ventilation is a common passive cooling method for improving air quality and thermal comfort; however, hot temperatures in summer and safety and privacy issues at night often result in its unideal performance. Therefore, we proposed the use of floor-level windows, mainly combined with microclimate improvement, to improve the indoor thermal environment by enhancing the cooling effect of natural ventilation during summer. Our study area was a house in Machida, Tokyo. We evaluated the effectiveness of our method in improving the indoor thermal environment in summer and performed a numerical simulation, while illustrating the detailed horizontal and vertical distribution of airflow in the house through the floor-level windows. The influence of different window types and opening angles of floor-level windows on ventilation and cooling was determined using the simulation. We found that: (a) natural ventilation-based passive cooling methods reduced semi-outdoor and indoor temperature and increased the humidity; (b) the airflow formed an indoor wind path; south-westerly inflow was from western floor-level windows and the skylight, and the outflow was from northern floor-level windows; and (c) the side hung windows (with an opening angle of 60°) were an ideal option to improve indoor airflow. However, there was no improvement in the passive cooling performance, due to the inflow of warmer outside air.