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Benzo RM, St George SM, Messiah SE, Lovan P, Leite R, Patel A, Lee TK, Prado GJ. Physical Fitness Among Adolescents Who are Hispanic With Overweight or Obesity. Pediatr Phys Ther 2023; 35:252-258. [PMID: 36722880 PMCID: PMC10065889 DOI: 10.1097/pep.0000000000000997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe cardiorespiratory, strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility fitness outcomes in a sample of adolescents who are Hispanic aged 11 to 15 years with overweight or obesity, stratified by age and sex. METHODS The sample included 280 adolescents (mean age: 13.0 ± 0.83 years, mean body mass index percentile: 94.6). Anthropometric measures included height, weight, body mass index percentile, and waist and hip circumference. Fitness measures included handgrip strength, sit-ups in 60 seconds, sit-and-reach test, and 6-minute walk test. We report mean scores for each fitness outcome measure and correlation coefficients with anthropometric measures. RESULTS Mean handgrip was 23.7 ± 6.48 kg, sit-and-reach test was 25.3 ± 8.13 cm, average sit-ups in 60 seconds were 19.4 ± 9.28, and 6-minute walk distance was 1960 ± 271 ft. Males outperformed females in all tests except sit-and-reach test. DISCUSSION Compared with published fitness values of healthy weight adolescents, our sample of adolescents who are Hispanic with overweight/obesity living in southern Florida is unconditioned in terms of cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto M Benzo
- Departments of Psychology (Drs Benzo and Lovan) and Public Health Sciences (Drs St. George and Lee and Mr Leite) and School of Medicine (Ms Patel), University of Miami, Miami, Florida; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Dallas Campus (Dr Messiah); Center for Pediatric Population Health (Dr Messiah), University of Texas Health Science at Houston, School of Public Health and Children's Health System of Texas, Dallas; School of Nursing and Health Studies (Dr Prado), University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
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Zhang F, Bi C, Yin X, Chen Q, Liu Y, Li Y, Sun Y, Zhang T, Yang X, Li M. Roles of age, sex, and weight status in the muscular fitness of Chinese Tibetan children and adolescents living at altitudes over 3600 m: A cross-sectional study. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23624. [PMID: 34166556 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the role of age, sex, and weight status in the development of muscular fitness in a large sample of Chinese Tibetan children and adolescents aged 7-18 years living in areas over 3600 m. METHOD A sample of 4673 Chinese Tibetan children and adolescents aged 7-18 years were recruited from 21 schools in three cities (Lhasa, Naqu, and Anduo) of Tibet, China. Grip strength, standing long jump, 30-s sit-ups, and 50-m dash were conducted to determine muscular fitness. Independent sample t tests were conducted to compare muscular fitness between boys and girls for each age group. The changes in mean scores on each muscular fitness test were estimated. The influence of weight status on muscular strength level was also estimated using one-way ANOVA and LSD tests. We also compared the average muscular fitness between Chinese Tibetan and Chinese average level. RESULTS The muscular fitness of Chinese Tibetan boys aged 7-18 years was higher than that of girls, with older children outperforming younger children. Among the Chinese Tibetan boys, those in the normal-weight group showed the best performance, whereas overweight group showed the best performance among the girls. The performance of Chinese Tibetan children and adolescents in standing long jump and 50-m dash was lower while that in sit-ups was higher than the performance of their Chinese counterparts. CONCLUSION Chinese Tibetan children and adolescents have relatively strong abdominal strength, but lower limb strength, which needs to be improved. Age, sex, and weight status should be considered when designing interventions to improve muscular fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cunjian Bi
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Bolados CC, Ferrari G, Suárez-Reyes M, Quintiliano Scarpelli Dourado D, Diaz-Peña H, Pizarro T. Muscular Strength of Upper and Lower Limbs and Self-Esteem in Chilean SchoolChildren: Independent Associations with Body Composition Indicators. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020361. [PMID: 33418855 PMCID: PMC7825018 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between muscular strength from upper and lower limbs with self-esteem among Chilean schoolchildren, drawing independent associations with body composition indicators. The sample consisted of 1078 schoolchildren. The muscular strength of the upper and lower limbs was evaluated using a digital dynamometer and long jump performance. The general strength index was calculated based on Z-score values. Rosenberg’s test was used to determine the level of self-esteem of participants. Body fat and body mass index were employed as body composition indicators. Boys had significantly more upper and lower strength, and a general strength index higher than girls (11.7 vs. 10.6; 109.7 vs. 97.4; 0.19 vs. −0.24, respectively). For boys and girls combined, there were no significant associations between all muscular strength variables and self-esteem. In boys, upper and lower limb strength was positively associated with self-esteem. In girls, no association between muscular strength and self-esteem was found. In both sexes, the general strength index was not associated with self-esteem. Strategies and programs that promote mental health and muscular strength among schoolchildren, specifically in boys, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Cofre Bolados
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte, y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 7500618, Chile; (G.F.); (M.S.-R.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte, y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 7500618, Chile; (G.F.); (M.S.-R.); (T.P.)
| | - Mónica Suárez-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte, y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 7500618, Chile; (G.F.); (M.S.-R.); (T.P.)
| | | | - Helen Diaz-Peña
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Clínica Dávila, Santiago 8431657, Chile;
| | - Tito Pizarro
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte, y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 7500618, Chile; (G.F.); (M.S.-R.); (T.P.)
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