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Gómez G, Laviano HD, García-Casco J, Muñoz M, Gómez F, Sánchez-Esquiliche F, González-Bulnes A, López-Bote C, Óvilo C, Rey AI. Long-Term Effect of Maternal Antioxidant Supplementation on the Lipid Profile of the Progeny According to the Sow's Parity Number. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:379. [PMID: 38539912 PMCID: PMC10968619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13030379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Pig feeding prior to the extensive fattening phase might affect the final lipid profile and product quality. This study evaluates how maternal supplementation with vitamin E (VITE) (100 mg/kg), hydroxytyrosol (HXT) (1.5 mg/kg), or combined administration (VE + HXT) affects the piglet's plasma and tissues' fatty acid profiles and lipid stability according to the sow's parity number (PN), as well as the possible changes to the lipid profile after extensive feeding. The sows' PN affected the total fatty acid profile of plasma, muscle, and liver of piglets, with lower Δ-9 and Δ-6 desaturase indices but higher Δ-5 in those from primiparous (P) than multiparous (M) sows. Dietary VITE was more effective at decreasing C16:0 and saturated fatty acids in the muscle of piglets born from M than P sows, and modified the liver phospholipids in a different way. Sows' supplementation with HXT increased C18:2n-6 in triglycerides and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in muscle phospholipids. In the liver, HXT supplementation also increased free-PUFA and free-n-3 fatty acids. However, lipid oxidation of piglets' tissues was not affected by the antioxidant supplementation, and it was higher in the livers of piglets born from M sows. The fatty acid profile in the muscle of pigs after extensive feeding was not affected by the PN, but it was by the sows' antioxidant supplementation, with positive effects on quality by both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Gómez
- Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla-La Mancha (IRIAF), 13700 Toledo, Spain;
| | - Hernan D. Laviano
- Departamento Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan García-Casco
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ctra Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Muñoz
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ctra Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Gómez
- Sánchez Romero Carvajal, Carretera de San Juan del Puerto, s/n, 21290 Jabugo, Spain
| | | | - Antonio González-Bulnes
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Clemente López-Bote
- Departamento Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Óvilo
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ctra Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Rey
- Departamento Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Sarmiento-García A, Rubio B, Martinez B, García JJ, Vieira C. Effect of dietary fat on proximal composition, sensorial analysis and shelf life of a traditional Spanish cooked pork product "Lomo de Sajonia" from Iberian pork. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13934. [PMID: 38581380 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of different dietary fat sources on the quality of a Spanish-cooked meat product Lomo de Sajonia (LSA) and its shelf-life. Forty loins were selected from Iberian pigs fed four dietary treatments containing pork fat (G-1), Greedy-Grass Olive® (GGO) (enriched oleic-acid oil) (G-2), G-2 and high oleic sunflower (G-3), and G-3 plus a mixture of commercial organic acids (Bioll®) (G-4). Loins were manufactured to obtain LSA, and the quality and sensorial attributes were assessed. The shelf life was established according to microbial count and sensorial analysis, which was packed in a modified atmosphere and stored under retail conditions. All meat quality parameters of LSA remained stable in all groups, except fat content and overall liking, which showed the highest values for G-2 LSA. Regarding the shelf life, sensorial attributes remained acceptable in all groups during storage time, while a delay in microbial growth was recorded for the LSA of G-3. According to the results, including GGO in Iberian pig diets could enhance LSA traits, possibly linked to increased assimilation compared with conventional fat sources. However, adding organic acids to the diet did not have the expected effect on improving the shelf life of the LSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Sarmiento-García
- Área de Producción Animal, Departamento de Construcción y Agronomía, Facultad de Agricultura y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Estación Tecnológica de la Carne, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Begoña Rubio
- Estación Tecnológica de la Carne, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martinez
- Estación Tecnológica de la Carne, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan-José García
- Estación Tecnológica de la Carne, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ceferina Vieira
- Estación Tecnológica de la Carne, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Salamanca, Spain
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3
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Kim DY, Lim B, Lim D, Park W, Lee KT, Cho ES, Lim KS, Cheon SN, Choi BH, Park JE, Kim JM. Integrative methylome and transcriptome analysis of porcine abdominal fat indicates changes in fat metabolism and immune responses during different development. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac302. [PMID: 36074647 PMCID: PMC9733533 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat is involved in synthesizing fatty acids (FAs), FA circulation, and lipid metabolism. Various genetic studies have been conducted on porcine fat but understanding the growth and specific adipose tissue is insufficient. The purpose of this study is to investigate the epigenetic difference in abdominal fat according to the growth of porcine. The samples were collected from the porcine abdominal fat of different developmental stages (10 and 26 weeks of age). Then, the samples were sequenced using MBD-seq and RNA-seq for profiling DNA methylation and RNA expression. In 26 weeks of age pigs, differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified as 2,251 and 5,768, compared with 10 weeks of age pigs, respectively. Gene functional analysis was performed using GO and KEGG databases. In functional analysis results of DMGs and DEGs, immune responses such as chemokine signaling pathways, B cell receptor signaling pathways, and lipid metabolism terms such as PPAR signaling pathways and fatty acid degradation were identified. It is thought that there is an influence between DNA methylation and gene expression through changes in genes with similar functions. The effects of DNA methylation on gene expression were investigated using cis-regulation and trans-regulation analysis to integrate and interpret different molecular layers. In the cis-regulation analysis using 629 overlapping genes between DEGs and DMGs, immune response functions were identified, while in trans-regulation analysis through the TF-target gene network, the co-expression network of lipid metabolism-related functions was distinguished. Our research provides an understanding of the underlying mechanisms for epigenetic regulation in porcine abdominal fat with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Young Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghwi Lim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Dajeong Lim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Woncheol Park
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tai Lee
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Cho
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Lim
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Si Nae Cheon
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Hwan Choi
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Mo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
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Pchelkina V, Chernukha I, Nikitina M, Ilin N. Pig adipose tissue of two different breeds and locations: morphology and Raman studies. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2022. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the recent data, there are 4–5-local pig breeds left in Russia by now. Livni is among them. This breed is characterized by high fat content. Back fat has been analyzed earlier. We aimed to assess fat morphometrics from other localizations in pigs.
Sacral, axillary, and perirenal fat samples from 6-month-old Duroc and Livni pig breeds were analyzed using morphological and Raman-based techniques.
Livni adipocytes were characterized by dense packing with a polyhedron-like structure. In Duroc fat, they were more rounded (spherical). A “two-phase” cell disperse was identified in all samples. Fat cells in Livni pigs were bigger than those in the Duroc breed: 70–102%; 15–18 and 26% for sacral, axillary, and perirenal locations. Differences in the intensity of the Raman signal between the samples were found: in the samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue, more intense peaks were observed, which are responsible for unsaturation; the samples of Livni axillary fat were characterized by greater unsaturation than sacral fat.
Livni and Duroc adipocytes differ from each other in form and size and the difference depends on location. Pork fat from local breeds is expected to have potentially more health protecting (for animals) and health promoting (for consumers) properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina Chernukha
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS
| | - Marina Nikitina
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS
| | - Nikolai Ilin
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS
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Yousuf S, Li A, Feng H, Lui T, Huang W, Zhang X, Xie L, Miao X. Genome-Wide Expression Profiling and Networking Reveals an Imperative Role of IMF-Associated Novel CircRNAs as ceRNA in Pigs. Cells 2022; 11:2638. [PMID: 36078046 PMCID: PMC9454643 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition is a biological process that has a strong impact on the nutritional and sensorial properties of meat, with relevant consequences on human health. Pork loins determine the effects of marbling on the sensory attributes and meat quality properties, which differ among various pig breeds. This study explores the crosstalk of non-coding RNAs with mRNAs and analyzes the potential pathogenic role of IMF-associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in IMF tissues, which offer a framework for the functional validation of key/potential genes. A high-throughput whole-genome transcriptome analysis of IMF tissues from longissimus dorsi muscles of Large White (D_JN) and Laiwu (L_JN) pigs resulted in the identification of 283 differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs), including two key circRNAs (circRNA-23437, circRNA-08840) with potential binding sites for multiple miRNAs regulating the whole network. The potential ceRNA mechanism identified the DEC target miRNAs-mRNAs involved in lipid metabolism, fat deposition, meat quality, and metabolic syndrome via the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network, concluding that ssc-mir-370 is the most important target miRNA shared by both key circRNAs. TGM2, SLC5A6, ECI1, FASN, PER1, SLC25A34, SOD1, and COL5A3 were identified as hub genes through an intensive protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of target genes acquired from the ceRNA regulatory network. Functional enrichments, pathway examinations, and qRT-PCR analyses infer their implications in fat/cholesterol metabolism, insulin secretion, and fatty acid biosynthesis. Here, circRNAs and miRNA sequencing accompanied by computational techniques were performed to analyze their expressions in IMF tissues from the longissimus dorsi muscles of two pig breeds. Their target gene evolutionary trajectories, expression profiling, functional enrichments, subcellular localizations, and structural advances with high-throughput protein modeling, following genomic organizations, will provide new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of adipocyte differentiation and IMF deposition and a much-needed qualitative framework for future research to improve meat quality and its role as a biomarker to treat lipid metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiangyang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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6
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Namted S, Poungpong K, Loongyai W, Rakangthong C, Bunchasak C. Improving growth performance and blood profile by feeding autolyzed yeast to improve pork carcass and meat quality. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13666. [PMID: 34873796 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The 63 commercial pigs were divided into three groups consisting of seven replicates of three piglets each. The experimental diets were (1) control diet, (2) diet with autolyzed yeast (AY) 0.5%, and (3) diet with AY 1.0%. Compared to the control group, using AY 0.5% in the diet reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI) and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05). The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/L) in blood decreased with the addition of AY 0.5% (p < 0.05). The pH at 6-h postmortem of meat in the 0.5% AY diet group was higher than for the control group (p < 0.05). Backfat thickness (p = 0.09) and P2-backfat thickness (p = 0.07) tended to decrease, while the fat free index (FFI; p = 0.07) tended to increase with 0.5% AY supplementation. The protein percentage (p = 0.07) and the a* value (redness) (p = 0.08) in the meat tended to increase, and the springiness increased with 0.5% AY supplementation (p < 0.05). An appropriate level of AY supplementation can impact positively on the physiological functions in swine with a consequent seems to improve in qualitative traits of the meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Namted
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanokporn Poungpong
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wiriya Loongyai
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Choawit Rakangthong
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chaiyapoom Bunchasak
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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7
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Zappaterra M, Catillo G, Lo Fiego DP, Belmonte AM, Padalino B, Davoli R. Describing backfat and Semimembranosus muscle fatty acid variability in heavy pigs: Analysis of non-genetic factors. Meat Sci 2021; 183:108645. [PMID: 34399151 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the multivariate structure of Semimembranosus muscle and backfat fatty acid (FA) composition in 798 Italian Large White heavy pigs and to investigate the effects of environmental factors and carcass characteristics on FA variations. The total FA variability in muscle and backfat was characterized by a negative correlation between saturated and polyunsaturated FAs, which strongly depended on the carcass adiposity. Slaughtering season was also relevant, with pigs slaughtered in autumn having more n-6 FAs and eicosadienoic acid in backfat, while pigs slaughtered in winter displayed more saturated FAs. Regarding Semimembranosus muscle, pigs with heavier belly cuts and slaughtered in autumn had higher proportions of cis-vaccenic and palmitoleic acids, while those slaughtered in summer had more saturated FAs. Slaughtering season emerged as a relevant factor shaping both backfat and muscle FA composition, indicating that more studies and attention should be paid to environmental factors, which may have effects on FA metabolism and deposition in finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zappaterra
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gennaro Catillo
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Zootecnia e Acquacoltura (Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture), Via Salaria 31, I-00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Domenico Pietro Lo Fiego
- Department of Life Sciences (DSV), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Amendola 2, I-42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre for Agri-Food Biological Resources Improvement and Valorization (BIOGEST-SITEIA), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, P. le Europa 1, I-42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Belmonte
- Department of Life Sciences (DSV), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Amendola 2, I-42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Barbara Padalino
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Davoli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.
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Chemical Characteristics of Croatian Traditional Istarski pršut (PDO) Produced from Two Different Pig Genotypes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144140. [PMID: 34299415 PMCID: PMC8303308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical characteristics of raw and processed Istarski pršut (PDO) produced from two different pig genotypes were studied with special emphasis on amino and fatty acid composition and factors of lipid stability. Raw hams of Large White (LW)xLandrace (L), and (LWxL)xDuroc (D) pig genotypes were used in the study (20 hams of each genotype). All left raw hams from each carcass were processed in accordance with the PDO specification of Istarski pršut, and other half (the right ones) of LWxL)xD genotype were used for analyses of raw hams (fresh muscles). Istarski pršut was evaluated on the basis of the chemical parameters of the raw and matured lean ham. The process of dry curing significantly influenced the chemical properties of Istarski pršut. Despite the higher content of intramuscular fat and polyunsaturated fatty acids, the fat of (LWxL)xD ham was much more resistant to hydrolysis and oxidation, suggesting that fatty acid profile and other factors, also play a significant role. Significant differences between pig genotypes in the amino acid and fatty acid profiles were found. The analyzed Istarski pršut may be distinguished by prints of multivariate chemometric statistical analysis, based on their amino acid and fatty acid compositions.
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Quality and Shelf Life of Fresh Meat from Iberian Pigs as Affected by a New Form of Presentation of Oleic Acid and an Organic-Acid Mix in the Diet. Foods 2021; 10:foods10050985. [PMID: 33946329 PMCID: PMC8144970 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the inclusion of a novel form of oleic acid and an organic-acid mix in the diet of Iberian pigs, and their effect on the quality and shelf-life of the pig meat. 200 castrated male Iberian pigs were randomly assigned to four groups. Diets included different fat sources: pig fat (G1), solid oleic acid (G2), oleic-high sunflower oil with solid oleic (G3); a diet of G3 supplemented with organic-acid mix (G4). Pigs were slaughtered at 182 days. Back fat and the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscles were removed, and nutritive and sensory quality were analyzed. The shelf-life of meat packaged (70%O2/30CO2) during retail storage up to 21 days were studied. A higher percentage of oleic acid and MUFA, and lower SFA were observed in subcutaneous fat on a G2 diet. G2 resulted in the highest muscle fat content, and G4, the highest cooking losses. In sensory analysis, marbling, tenderness and chewiness were higher in the G2 samples. No differences were found in the bacterial count and sensorial analysis depending on storage time at the end of the experiment, but a lower total viable count was showed at the start of the study in the G4 samples. These results suggest a better assimilation of solid oleic acid. However, the organic-acid mix requires further studies.
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