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Li Y, Wang Y, Zhao C, Du X, He P, Meng F. Predicting the spatial distribution of three Ephedra species under climate change using the MaxEnt model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32696. [PMID: 39183892 PMCID: PMC11341288 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of global warming, the habitats of Ephedra, including Ephedra sinica Stapf, Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex Mey, and Ephedra equisetina Bunge, have been substantially threatened and deteriorated in recent years. Little is known about the potential geographic dynamics of economically renowned species, including those used in sand fixation and traditional Chinese medicine, under climate change. Therefore, evaluating their potential habitat and determining the crucial environmental variables affecting E. sinica, E. intermedia and E. equisetina under the driving force of global warming are extremely important. In this study, an optimized MaxEnt model in the kuenm package on the basis of occurrence records (a total of 103, 101 and 97 points for E. sinica, E. intermedia and E. equisetina, respectively) and 37 environmental factors were utilized to simulate the distribution of the three species. Two representative concentration pathways (SSP2.6 and SSP8.5) at 2041-2060 and 2061-2080, respectively, were used to establish a future distribution model of the three species. The results indicated that approximately 6.92 × 105 km2, 2.95 × 105 km2, and 11.5 × 105 km2 of suitable regions for E. sinica, E. intermedia and E. equisetina were obtained, which were mostly distributed in central and eastern Inner Mongolia, eastern and southern Gansu, and northern Xinjiang, respectively. Critical environmental variables, such as land cover and annual precipitation, were regarded as critical parameters for the three species. Future assessment revealed that over 60 % of the potential distribution area was affected, and the stability of E. sinica under the SSP8.5 scenario was the greatest. The spatial dynamic changes in suitable areas for E. intermedia were smaller than those for E. equisetina and E. sinica in the future. The comprehensive analysis revealed that the fluctuations in the distributions of the three Ephedra species under climate change are small and provide useful information for future conservation. Therefore, target conservation and management measures should be implemented in combination with the suitability thresholds of different environmental parameters. Our results provide useful recommendations for the current and future protection of Ephedra populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Li
- Chengde Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, China
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Chengde Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, China
| | - Chunying Zhao
- Chengde Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Chengde Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, China
| | - Ping He
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Fanyun Meng
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Beijing, 100875, China
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Rempelos L, Wang J, Sufar EK, Almuayrifi MSB, Knutt D, Leifert H, Leifert A, Wilkinson A, Shotton P, Hasanaliyeva G, Bilsborrow P, Wilcockson S, Volakakis N, Markellou E, Zhao B, Jones S, Iversen PO, Leifert C. Breeding Bread-Making Wheat Varieties for Organic Farming Systems: The Need to Target Productivity, Robustness, Resource Use Efficiency and Grain Quality Traits. Foods 2023; 12:1209. [PMID: 36981136 PMCID: PMC10048768 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Agronomic protocols (rotation, tillage, fertilization and crop protection) commonly used in organic and conventional crop production differ significantly and there is evidence that modern varieties developed for conventional high-input farming systems do not have the combination of traits required for optimum performance in organic farming systems. Specifically, there is evidence that prohibition on the use of water-soluble, mineral N, P and K fertilizers and synthetic pesticide inputs in organic farming results in a need to revise both breeding and selection protocols. For organic production systems, the focus needs to be on the following: (i) traits prioritized by organic farmers such as high nutrient use efficiency from organic fertilizer inputs, competitiveness against weeds, and pest and disease resistance, (ii) processing quality parameters defined by millers and bakers and (iii) nutritional quality parameters demanded by organic consumers. In this article, we review evidence from variety trials and factorial field experiments that (i) studied to what extent there is a need for organic farming focused breeding programs, (ii) investigated which traits/trait combinations should be targeted in these breeding programs and/or (iii) compared the performance of modern varieties developed for the conventional sector with traditional/older varieties favored by organic farmers and/or new varieties developed in organic farming focused breeding programs. Our review focuses on wheat because there have been organic and/or low-input farming focused wheat breeding programs for more than 20 years in Europe, which has allowed the performance of varieties/genotypes from organic/low-input and conventional farming focused breeding programs to be compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Rempelos
- Lincoln Institute for Agri-Food Technology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN2 2LG, UK
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Enas Khalid Sufar
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Mohammed Saleh Bady Almuayrifi
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Almadinah Regional Municipality, Medina 2020, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daryl Knutt
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Halima Leifert
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Alice Leifert
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Andrew Wilkinson
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Gilchester Organics, Stamfordham NE18 0QL, UK
| | - Peter Shotton
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Gultekin Hasanaliyeva
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Nottinghamshire NG25 0QF, UK
| | - Paul Bilsborrow
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Steve Wilcockson
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Nikolaos Volakakis
- Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Geokomi Plc, Sivas Festos, 70200 Crete, Greece
| | | | - Bingqiang Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning (IARRP), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Stephen Jones
- Bread Lab, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Burlington, WA 98233, USA
| | - Per Ole Iversen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IMB), University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Carlo Leifert
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IMB), University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- SCU Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Military Rd., Lismore 2480, Australia
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Morphological Variation of Strychnos spinosa Lam. Morphotypes: A Case Study at Bonamanzi Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14121094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Strychnos spinosa Lam. of the Loganiaceae family is associated with versatility, poverty eradication, and rural economic development. However, the morphological diversity of S. spinosa is not well documented. This limits efforts toward its improvement and commercial exploitation. This study aimed to characterize the variability, vegetative and reproductive traits, and heritability of S. spinosa morphotypes at Bonamanzi Game Reserve. The majority of the morphotypes had green, rough, round immature fruits with dark green, elongated, open fully developed leaves. Fruits varied between roundish and pyriform shape as well as green and purple colour. Positive correlation was mainly seen between fruit and seed traits. Principal component analysis indicated fruit and seed traits as major discriminating factors for morphotypes, followed by leaf size and seed thickness. A dendrogram primarily grouped morphotypes according to fruit texture. Genotypic variance and genotypic coefficient of variation were higher than environmental variance and environmental coefficient variation in reproductive traits of S. spinosa. A rough pericarp texture and purple tinge on the immature leaves of some morphotypes was recorded for the first time. Differences in morphological features across S. spinosa morphotypes indicate a high level of diversity that could be utilized by breeders to generate new cultivars. This first report on variability and heritability among S. spinosa morphotypes forms the basis of available germplasm essential for future breeding programs.
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Jlassi I, Bnejdi F, Saadoun M, Hajji A, Mansouri D, Ben-Attia M, El-Gazzah M, El-Bok S. SSR markers and seed quality traits revealed genetic diversity in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3185-3193. [PMID: 33974178 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetic diversity and differences among durum-wheat cultivars evolved in various regions of the world are important for sustainable production in the current climate change scenario. Information regarding genetic differences was also important for the correct choice of parental material for the selection of high quality cultivars. Two elite and six obsolete cultivars of durum-wheat were characterized with 25-simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. All accessions were evaluated for 2-agronomic-traits (Yield (Y) and Thousand-Kernel-Weight (TKW)) and 11 grain quality-traits (grain protein content (GPC), grain moisture contents (H), carotene content (CT), sedimentation test (SDS), gluten content (GC), gluten index (GI), semolina color index (L*, a*, b*) and alveographic parameters (W and P/L)) under randomized complete block design with three replication for two crop seasons (2015-2017). Genetic characterization through SSR markers revealed 126 alleles with an average of 5.04 alleles locus-1 and had average 0.79 polymorphism information content (PIC). The comparisons revealed that elite accessions were more productive in terms of grain yield and TKW, whereas obsolete accessions showed high GPC and end-use quality-traits. The generated dendrogram based on SSR markers, agronomic, seed quality-traits clearly differentiate the genotypes in two main groups obsolete and elite accessions. Analysis of correlation revealed a significant association between the traits TKW, Y, b*, a*, GPC, GC, SDS and H. High genetic diversity found between elite and obsolete cultivars for parameters such as yield, end-use quality and their correlation with SSR markers could help breeders for an eventual breeding program on durum-wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Jlassi
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Biodiversity, Biotechnologies and Climate Change (LR11/ES09), University of Tunis El-Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fethi Bnejdi
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Biodiversity, Biotechnologies and Climate Change (LR11/ES09), University of Tunis El-Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sousse, The Higher Institute of Agronomic Sciences of Chott-Mariem, 4042, Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mourad Saadoun
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Biodiversity, Biotechnologies and Climate Change (LR11/ES09), University of Tunis El-Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdelhamid Hajji
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Biodiversity, Biotechnologies and Climate Change (LR11/ES09), University of Tunis El-Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dhouha Mansouri
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Biodiversity, Biotechnologies and Climate Change (LR11/ES09), University of Tunis El-Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mossadok Ben-Attia
- Bizerta Faculty of Sciences, Environment Biomonitoring Laboratory (LR01/ES14), University of Carthage, Zarzouna, 7021, Bizerta, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed El-Gazzah
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Biodiversity, Biotechnologies and Climate Change (LR11/ES09), University of Tunis El-Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Safia El-Bok
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Biodiversity, Biotechnologies and Climate Change (LR11/ES09), University of Tunis El-Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Hinojosa L, Leguizamo A, Carpio C, Muñoz D, Mestanza C, Ochoa J, Castillo C, Murillo A, Villacréz E, Monar C, Pichazaca N, Murphy K. Quinoa in Ecuador: Recent Advances under Global Expansion. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020298. [PMID: 33557315 PMCID: PMC7915685 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Quinoa is a highly diverse crop domesticated in the Andean region of South America with broad adaptation to a wide range of marginal environments. Quinoa has garnered interest worldwide due to its nutritional and health benefits. Over the last decade, quinoa production has expanded outside of the Andean region, prompting multiple studies investigating the potential for quinoa cultivation in novel environments. Currently, quinoa is grown in countries spanning five continents, including North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Here, we update the advances of quinoa research in Ecuador across different topics, including (a) current quinoa production situation with a focus on breeding progress, (b) traditional seed production, and (c) the impact of the work of the nongovernment organization “European Committee for Training and Agriculture” with quinoa farmers in Chimborazo province. Additionally, we discuss genetic diversity, primary pests and diseases, actions for adapting quinoa to tropical areas, and recent innovations in quinoa processing in Ecuador. Finally, we report a case study describing a participatory breeding project between Washington State University and the Association of Andean Seed and Nutritional Food Producers Mushuk Yuyay in the province of Cañar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Hinojosa
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Alex Leguizamo
- Comité Europeo Para la Formación y la Agricultura (CEFA), Guayas 22-46 y Venezuela, Lago Agrio EC210105, Ecuador;
| | - Carlos Carpio
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Panamericana Sur km 1 1/2, Riobamba EC060155, Ecuador;
| | - Diego Muñoz
- Grupo de Desarrollo de Tecnologías para la Reducción y Racionalización de Agroquímicos, Riobamba EC060155, Ecuador;
| | - Camilo Mestanza
- Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias, Carrera de Ingeniería Agropecuaria, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo-(UTEQ), km 7 ½ vía Quevedo–El Empalme, Mocache, Los Ríos EC120509, Ecuador;
| | - José Ochoa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Estación Experimental Santa Catalina, Panamericana Sur Km 1, Quito EC171107, Ecuador or (J.O.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (E.V.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Jerónimo Leiton s/n y Av. La Gasca, Quito EC170521, Ecuador
| | - Carmen Castillo
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Estación Experimental Santa Catalina, Panamericana Sur Km 1, Quito EC171107, Ecuador or (J.O.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (E.V.)
| | - Angel Murillo
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Estación Experimental Santa Catalina, Panamericana Sur Km 1, Quito EC171107, Ecuador or (J.O.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (E.V.)
| | - Elena Villacréz
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Estación Experimental Santa Catalina, Panamericana Sur Km 1, Quito EC171107, Ecuador or (J.O.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (E.V.)
| | - Carlos Monar
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Recursos Naturales y del Ambiente, Campus Laguacoto II, Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, Vía Guaranda a San Simón, Guaranda EC020150, Ecuador;
| | - Nicolas Pichazaca
- Asociación de Productores de Semilla y Alimentos Nutricionales Andinos-Mushuk Yuyay (APROSANAMY), Cañar EC030304, Ecuador;
| | - Kevin Murphy
- Sustainable Seed Systems Lab, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA;
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