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Cao M, Jia Y, Lu X, Huang J, Yao Y, Hong L, Zhu W, Wang W, Zhu F, Hong C. Temporal and Spatial Variation of Toxic Metal Concentrations in Cultivated Soil in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China: Characteristics and Mechanisms. TOXICS 2024; 12:390. [PMID: 38922070 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12060390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The toxic metal (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) pollution in 250 agricultural soil samples representing the urban area of Jiaxing was studied to investigate the temporal and spatial variations. Compared to the early 1990s, the pollution level has increased. Industry and urbanization were the main factors causing toxic metal pollution on temporal variation, especially the use of feed containing toxic metals. The soil types and crop cultivation methods are the main factors causing toxic metal pollution on spatial variation. Although the single-factor pollution indices of all the toxic metals were within the safe limits, as per the National Soil Environmental Quality Standard (risk screening value), if the background values of soil elements in Jiaxing City are used as the standard, the pollution index of all the elements surveyed exceeds 1.0, reaching a level of mild pollution. The soil samples investigated were heavily contaminated with toxic metal compounds, and their levels increased over time. This situation poses potential ecological and health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhuo Cao
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Shanghai Huadi Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201803, China
| | - Yanbo Jia
- Hangzhou Institution of Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jinfa Huang
- Jiaxing Soil and Fertilizer Plant Protection and Rural Energy Station, Jiaxing Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Jiaxing 314050, China
| | - Yanlai Yao
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Leidong Hong
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Weijing Zhu
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Fengxiang Zhu
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Chunlai Hong
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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Bai H, Li Y, Lu P, Li Y, Zhang L, Zhang D, Wang X, Zhou Y. Effect of environmental factors on accumulation of trace metals in a typical shale gas exploitation area: A comprehensive investigation by machine learning and geodetector models. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140724. [PMID: 37972868 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Whether a certain relationship is exist between shale gas exploitation and accumulation of trace metals in soil is a controversial issue in recent years. To date, few study clearly reveal the intrinsic contributions of natural and anthropogenic factors to accumulation of trace metals in soil. In this study, machine learning and geodetector models were integrated to investigate to contribution of environmental factors to variations of trace metals concentration. Before modeling, there are 10.33%-25.87% of soil considered as metal pollution, and the value of Pn further suggest that the Ba contribute the most to the comprehensive pollution index of trace metals in soil. The initial prediction of trace metals concentration by machine learning models is less effectively indicating the need for alternative approaches. To address this problem, post-constraints approach was used, and the post-constraint MSLR model demonstrates superior performance (R2 = 0.81) Additionally, through the utilization of geodetector model, the explanatory power (q) of CEC and SOM were identified as dominant natural factors with value of 0.055 and 0.089. respectively. Moreover, distance from working sites and working status were identified as the dominant anthropogenic factors associating to the spatial heterogeneity of trace metals in soil. The interaction between natural and anthropogenic factors showed a siginifacnt nonlinear enhancement effect on accumulation of Cr, Ba and Sr, and the highest value of q was 0.38 for SOM and distance. This study indicated that the potential metal contamination was related to shale gas exploitation and provide reference for controlling soil pollution in shale gas exploitation area and making management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Bai
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610106, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 400045, China; Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of City Solid Waste Energy and Building Materials Conversion and Utilization Technology, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 400045, China
| | - Peili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 400045, China.
| | - Yutong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 400045, China
| | - Lilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 400045, China
| | - Daijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 400045, China
| | - Xing Wang
- College of International Studies, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
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Rahimi M, Kamyab T, Rahimi G, Abadi ECA, Ebrahimi E, Naimi S. Modeling and identification of affective parameters on cadmium's durability and evaluating cadmium pollution indicators caused by using chemical fertilizers in long term. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:8829-8850. [PMID: 36944748 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01535-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination by anthropogenic heavy metals has become a global issue. This study aimed to investigate cadmium (Cd) concentration, mobility, and contamination indices of Cd in soils in the Hamadan province, west of Iran. To investigate the concentration of Cd in soil, one hundred soil samples from wheat farms and five samples from control lands were collected. Pollution indexes, including Cd mobility, enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, contamination index, and availability ratio, were investigated. The structural equation model was also used to evaluate effective parameters on cadmium durability in soil. Results showed that mean values of available phosphorus (P) were 83.65, 129, and 65 (mg kg-1) in three land-use types rainfed, irrigated, and controlled, respectively. The mean values of Cd in different land-use types of rainfed, irrigated, and controlled were 0.15, 0.18, and 0.08 (mg kg-1), respectively. The results indicated that the amount of Cd in both forms (available and total) in ones that received fertilizer, especially P fertilizers, was higher than in the controlled one. Other pollution indexes revealed that the study area had been slightly contaminated due to anthropogenic activities. Lime, clay, lead, and OM were identified as affective parameters on cadmium durability. Finally, the results demonstrated that the mobility rate was high. Cd had a higher potential mobility in soil samples in the rain-fed and irrigated land than in the controlled land, and Cd had a low retention time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Rahimi
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Taraneh Kamyab
- Department of Engineering Technology and Construction Management, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Ghasem Rahimi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | | | - Eisa Ebrahimi
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Salman Naimi
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of antibiotics and heavy metals in the Yitong River basin and ecological risk assessment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4202. [PMID: 36918716 PMCID: PMC10015007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to rapid socioeconomic development, antibiotic pollution and heavy metal pollution are receiving increasing amounts of attention. Both antibiotics and heavy metals in the environment are persistent and toxic, and the interactions between the pollutants create potential long-term hazards for the ecological environment and human health as mixed pollutants. In this study, the surface water of the Yitong River in Changchun was used as the research object, and the hazards associated with antibiotics and heavy metals in the surface water were assessed by analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of antibiotics and heavy metals and by using ecological risk assessment and human health risk assessment models. The results showed that ofloxacin (OFL) and norfloxacin (NOR) varied seasonally according to the seasonal climate, with total concentrations ranging from 17.65 to 902.47 ng/L and ND to 260.49 ng/L for OFL and NOR, respectively, and from 8.30 to 120.40 μg/L, 1.52 to 113.41 μg/L and 0.03 to 0.04 μg/L for copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd), respectively. In terms of spatial distribution, the concentration of antibiotics in the urban sections, which had intensive human activities, was higher than that in the suburban sections, while the concentration of heavy metals in the suburban sections, which had intensive agricultural operations, was greater than that in the urban section. Ecological risk evaluation showed that NOR and OFL were present in the water bodies at a high-risk level, Cd was at a low pollution level, and the heavy metal Cd was the primary pollutant associated with health risks toward for adults and children, and it was mainly at a medium risk level. Additionally, both antibiotics and heavy metals posed higher health risks for children than for adults.
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Birghila S, Matei N, Dobrinas S, Popescu V, Soceanu A, Niculescu A. Assessment of Heavy Metal Content in Soil and Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato) and Their Health Implications. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1547-1556. [PMID: 35488023 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the content of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and manganese (Mn) was evaluated in soils and tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) collected from rural areas of Dobrogea province, South-East of Romania. The risk to human health due to the heavy metal exposure via tomato consumption was also assessed.The results suggest that based on the contamination factor, the soils are moderately contaminated with Cd and Mn (Cf values of 1.266. and 1.40) and poorly contaminated with Pb and Cr. The bioconcentration factor (BAF) was below 1 and indicated that the studied species of Lycopersicon esculentum did not accumulate the monitored elements. Person's correlation analysis showed that there were significant relations between soil pH and BCF values of Cd, Pb, Cr and Mn in analysed tomatoes. The estimated daily intake of each metal was below the oral reference dose. The hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were below the acceptable level (< 1), and the cancer risk (CR) for Pb, Cd and Cr was found within acceptable levels (1.0 × 10-6-1.0 × 10-4). Based on health guidance values, it may be concluded that the analysed tomatoes do not present health risks to consumers in terms of content and accumulation of heavy metals. It is important to monitor the other toxic metals as well, in order to evaluate the heavy metal accumulation variation and the toxicity value of each metal in agricultural soils from both rural and industrial areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semaghiul Birghila
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University of Constanta, 124, Mamaia Avenue, 900527 9, Constanta, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Matei
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University of Constanta, 124, Mamaia Avenue, 900527 9, Constanta, Romania.
| | - Simona Dobrinas
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University of Constanta, 124, Mamaia Avenue, 900527 9, Constanta, Romania
| | - Viorica Popescu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University of Constanta, 124, Mamaia Avenue, 900527 9, Constanta, Romania
| | - Alina Soceanu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University of Constanta, 124, Mamaia Avenue, 900527 9, Constanta, Romania
| | - Anamaria Niculescu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University of Constanta, 124, Mamaia Avenue, 900527 9, Constanta, Romania
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Liang J, Liu Z, Tian Y, Shi H, Fei Y, Qi J, Mo L. Research on health risk assessment of heavy metals in soil based on multi-factor source apportionment: A case study in Guangdong Province, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159991. [PMID: 36347288 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental problems caused by heavy metal pollution in soil have attracted widespread attention worldwide. Identifying and quantifying the heavy metal pollution sources and risks is crucial for subsequent soil management. In this study, an integrated source-risk method for source apportionment and risk assessment based on the PMF model, the geodetector model and the health risk assessment model (HRA) was proposed and applied. Analysis of Hg, As, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Cr, and Zn in 208 topsoils showed that the average contents of eight heavy metals were 1.87-5.86 times greater than corresponding background values, among which Cd and As were relatively high, which were higher than the specified soil risk screening values, high-value areas of heavy metals are mainly concentrated in the central part of the study area. The source apportionment showed that the accumulation of heavy metals was affected by five sources: atmospheric deposition (16.3 %), natural sources (33.1 %), industrial activities dominated by metal mining (15.1 %), industrial activities dominated by metal smelting (12.6 %) and traffic sources (22.9 %). The results of the health risk assessment showed that the carcinogenic risks (adult: 4.74E-05, children: 7.41E-05) of heavy metals in soil to the study population were both acceptable, the non-carcinogenic risk of adult (THI = 0.277) was within the limit, while the non-carcinogenic risk of children (THI = 1.70) was higher than the limit value. Ingestion (89.5 %-95.9 %) contributed the greatest health risk among all exposure routes. Source 3 (arsenic-related industrial activities dominated by metal mining) contributed the most to the HI and CRI of adults and children (all above 50 %), therefore, in the formulation stage of soil management strategy in this area, priority should be given to the control and management of this pollution source. These results can provide more detailed support for environmental protection departments to propose targeted soil pollution control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Liang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhaoyue Liu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yiqi Tian
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Huading Shi
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Yang Fei
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Jingxian Qi
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Li Mo
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
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Golia EE, Chartodiplomenou MA, Papadimou SG, Kantzou OD, Tsiropoulos NG. Influence of soil inorganic amendments on heavy metal accumulation by leafy vegetables. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:8617-8632. [PMID: 34796440 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to assess the effect of four inorganic soil amendments, such as lime (CaCO3), red mud consisting of 75% hematite (Fe2O3), gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O), and Al oxide (Al2O3), of an alkaline heavy metal-contaminated soil. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted by physically mixing individual six subsamples of a soil sample collected from Thessaly area with four inorganic soil amendments along with two leafy plants, spinach and lettuce. Al oxide causes the maximum reduction of the water-soluble Cu concentration, as its concentrations is no longer detectable. The Cu availability index decreases when aluminum oxide was used. The use of gypsum and red mud caused almost equal reduction while the smallest decrease was caused by the use of lime. The Zn availability index decreased equally when aluminum oxide and gypsum were mixed with the soil sample. The highest reduction of Cu and Zn transfer coefficient (TC) was observed when the Al2O3 was used. In spinach, Zn TC reduction was 39.8% and Cu TC reduction was 41.0%. In lettuce, the addition of Al2O3 led to Cu TC reduction of over 37.3% and Zn TC reduction of up to 38.7%. Generally, Al2O3 nanoparticles may function as suitable sorbents for the removal of Zn and Cu from soil samples, with an increasing effectiveness in spinach rather than lettuce. Liming materials seem to increase the soil alkalinity and promote the complexation of soluble heavy metals with hydroxide ions leading to immobilization of heavy metals in soil and reduce their amount in leafy vegetables. Remediation of contaminated soils is considered necessary to reduce environmental risks and to achieve the means available to increase agricultural production of safe and quality food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia E Golia
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, Laboratory of Soil Science, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 384 46, Volos, Greece.
- Department of Agriculture, Laboratory of Soil Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Maria-Anna Chartodiplomenou
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, Laboratory of Soil Science, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 384 46, Volos, Greece
| | - Sotiria G Papadimou
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Pesticides Laboratory, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 384 46, Volos, Greece
| | - Ourania-Despoina Kantzou
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, Laboratory of Soil Science, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 384 46, Volos, Greece
| | - Nikolaos G Tsiropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Pesticides Laboratory, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 384 46, Volos, Greece
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Anaman R, Peng C, Jiang Z, Liu X, Zhou Z, Guo Z, Xiao X. Identifying sources and transport routes of heavy metals in soil with different land uses around a smelting site by GIS based PCA and PMF. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153759. [PMID: 35151753 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Identifying sources and transport routes of heavy metals in soil is necessary for pollution control. This study integrated principal component analysis (PCA), positive matrix factorization (PMF), and geographic information system (GIS) mapping to identify the sources, transport routes, and apportion heavy metals in soil based on land uses around a smelting site. The results revealed that the mean concentrations of As, Hg, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu in the soil exceeded their background values except for Cr, Mn, and Fe, which were slightly higher. According to the mean Igeo values, the soils were most polluted with As, Cd, Pb, and Cu, followed a decreasing order of grassland (1.71, 2.38, 2.10, and 1.73) > agricultural land (0.632, 2.32, 1.19, and 1.08) > forestland (0.255, 0.952, 0.654, and 0.148). Smelter emissions and soil parent materials were the primary sources of heavy metals. The PCA and PMF factor hotspots visualized by GIS were mostly distributed within the smelting site, slag and wastewater runoff areas, and in the dominant wind direction. The GIS based PCA and PMF results confirmed that As, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn were transported mainly by surface runoff and atmospheric deposition, while Hg was mostly from atmospheric deposition. Grassland and agricultural land soils received heavy metals from surface runoff and atmospheric deposition, while forestland soils only received from atmospheric deposition. The integrated approach was useful in identifying the sources, transport routes, and contributions of the heavy metals among different land uses, thereby assisting policymakers in understanding the sources and transport routes of heavy metals in the soil around smelting areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richmond Anaman
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chi Peng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Zhichao Jiang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziruo Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaohui Guo
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiyuan Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Golia EE, Diakoloukas V. Soil parameters affecting the levels of potentially harmful metals in Thessaly area, Greece: a robust quadratic regression approach of soil pollution prediction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:29544-29561. [PMID: 34109520 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The behavior and possible contamination risk due to the presence of potentially harmful metals (PHM) were studied based on 2250 soil samples that were collected in a 5-year period (2013-2017) from the plain of Thessaly (prefectures of Karditsa, Trikala, and Larissa). The vertical distribution of metals was also investigated from sample profiles at three depths 0-30, 30-60, and 60-90cm. The soils of the sampling belong to four taxonomy soil orders that are dominant in the studied area (Alfisols, Inceptisols, Endisols, and Vertisols). In a novel approach, robust quadratic regression analysis on multiple variables was used to define prediction models of the concentrations of two metals: Fe which is an essential metal and the toxic Cd. Linear and quadratic regression formulae were estimated based on the iteratively reweighted least squares robust regression approach in an effort to eliminate the impact of the outliers. These formulae define how several soil properties affect the distribution of the considered metals in each soil order. The evaluation of the estimated regression equations based on the R2 metric indicates that they constitute a useful, reliable, and valuable tool for managing, describing, and predicting the pollution in the studied area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia E Golia
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, N. Ionia, 38 446 Magnesia, Volos, Greece.
| | - Vassilios Diakoloukas
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Technical University of Crete, University Campus, Akrotiri, 73 100, Chania, Crete, Greece
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Heavy Metal(loid)s Pollution of Agricultural Soils and Health Risk Assessment of Consuming Soybean and Wheat in a Typical Non-Ferrous Metal Mine Area in Northeast China. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14052953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During mining, some of the essential metal(loid)s for plants or humans are discharged into the environment with non-essential metal(loid)s. Thus, comprehensive investigations of their distribution and the health risk of consuming food crops near mines are significant. A total of 26 soils and 25 food crops (soybean grains and wheat grains) were sampled to investigate arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), and manganese (Mn) in soils and crops in a typical non-ferrous metal mine area in Northeast China. The distribution patterns of soil heavy metal(loid)s and principal component analysis (PCA) results indicated that Cd, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Mn in soils were significantly affected by mining activities and were mainly or partly derived from the mines. Moreover, these soil heavy metal(loid)s (except Se) in the Tongshan copper mine area were attenuated with distance in the downstream direction. The BCF (bioconcentration factor) values of non-essential elements (Se, Hg, Cr, As, Cd, Pb) were relatively lower and positively related to soil nutrients. On the contrary, higher BCF values of essential elements (Cu, Zn, and Mo) and a weak relationship between the BCF of essential elements and soil nutrients were found. The mean Igeo values of soil heavy metal(loid)s indicated that As and Cu were at an unpolluted-to-moderately-polluted level (Igeo > 1), while other heavy metal(loid)s all presented an unpolluted level (Igeo < 1). Nevertheless, some soil samples were obviously polluted (Igeo > 1), such as KQ, D1, D3, D5, D6, and T1. The HQ (hazard quotient) and HI (hazard index) values of As and Mn both exceeded 1, indicating the higher potential health risks of consuming soybean grains and wheat grains for all people groups.
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Liu Z, Fei Y, Shi H, Mo L, Qi J. Prediction of high-risk areas of soil heavy metal pollution with multiple factors on a large scale in industrial agglomeration areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:151874. [PMID: 34826472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals in soil are a great threat to ecosystems and human health. The rapid development of industrialization has created a serious risk of heavy metal pollution in soil. The study took the industrial-intensive Dahetan subbasin as the typical area. The factors and interactions that affected the distribution of soil heavy metals (Cd, Hg, As, Pb and Cr) in the typical area were explored based on the Geodetector model. The analysis results were extended to predict high-risk areas of heavy metal pollution in the soil in the Xiangjiang River basin. The results showed that Cd, As and Pb were significantly affected by local industrial and mining activities, and Hg and Cr were primarily affected by natural factors, such as pH and soil type. Compared to a single factor, the interaction between factors had a greater impact on the concentration of heavy metals. The high-risk areas of soil heavy metal pollution in the Xiangjiang River basin were primarily concentrated in the upper reaches and middle reaches.Significant overlapping of high-risk areas of multiple heavy metals occurred in the west, middle and south of the basin. The spatial visualization of the high-risk areas was realized, and the influence of several factors was integrated via layer superposition. This study proposes a new idea to predict the high-risk areas of soil pollution in large-scale areas to provide a reference for the regional prevention and control of soil pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyue Liu
- Institute of Soil and Solid Waste Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Technical Centre for Soil, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yang Fei
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Huading Shi
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Li Mo
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jingxian Qi
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
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Contamination Assessment and Source Apportionment of Metals and Metalloids Pollution in Agricultural Soil: A Comparison of the APCA-MLR and APCA-GWR Models. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14020783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Metals and metalloids accumulate in soil, which not only leads to soil degradation and crop yield reduction but also poses hazards to human health. Commonly, source apportionment methods generate an overall relationship between sources and elements and, thus, lack the ability to capture important geographical variations of pollution sources. The present work uses a dataset collected by intensive sampling (1848 topsoil samples containing the metals Cd, Hg, Cr, Pb, and a metalloid of As) in the Shanghai study area and proposes a synthetic approach to source apportionment in the condition of spatial heterogeneity (non-stationarity) through the integration of absolute principal component scores with geographically weighted regression (APCA-GWR). The results showed that three main sources were detected by the APCA, i.e., natural sources, such as alluvial soil materials; agricultural activities, especially the overuse of phosphate fertilizer; and atmospheric deposition pollution from industry coal combustion and transportation activities. APCA-GWR provided more accurate and site-specific pollution source information than the mainstream APCA-MLR, which was verified by higher R2, lower AIC values, and non-spatial autocorrelation of residuals. According to APCA-GWR, natural sources were responsible for As and Cr accumulation in the northern mainland and Pb accumulation in the southern and northern mainland. Atmospheric deposition was the main source of Hg in the entire study area and Pb in the eastern mainland and Chongming Island. Agricultural activities, especially the overuse of phosphate fertilizer, were the main source of Cd across the study area and of As and Cr in the southern regions of the mainland and the middle of Chongming Island. In summary, this study highlights the use of a synthetic APCA-GWR model to efficiently handle source apportionment issues with spatial heterogeneity, which can provide more accurate and specific pollution source information and better references for pollution prevention and human health protection.
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Budzyńska S, Kubiak A, Szostek M, Budka A, Gąsecka M, Niedzielski P, Zheng L, Mleczek M. Trees and shrubs from a post-industrial area high in calcium and trace elements: the potential of dendroremediation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 24:493-506. [PMID: 34310221 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1954877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
That is probably the first study to date of trees and shrubs differing in age and growing on post-industrial soil contaminated with calcium (Ca) and selected toxic metals/metalloids. The obtained results show that an alkaline reaction (less than 9) of soil and an unusually high Ca concentration may help the studied tree species to adapt/survive in unfavorable habitat conditions (high concentration of toxic elements). The efficiency of phytoextraction of toxic elements was so high that, especially for forest animals (roe-deer) that consume, e.g., willow shoots, it could pose a serious threat to health and life, both for them and potentially for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Budzyńska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Kubiak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szostek
- Department of Soil Science, Environmental Chemistry and Hydrology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Anna Budka
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Gąsecka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Linlin Zheng
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mirosław Mleczek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Altaf R, Altaf S, Hussain M, Shah RU, Ullah R, Ullah MI, Rauf A, Ansari MJ, Alharbi SA, Alfarraj S, Datta R. Heavy metal accumulation by roadside vegetation and implications for pollution control. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249147. [PMID: 33983956 PMCID: PMC8118294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vehicular emissions cause heavy metal pollution and exert negative impacts on environment and roadside vegetation. Wild plants growing along roadsides are capable of absorbing considerable amounts of heavy metals; thus, could be helpful in reducing heavy metal pollution. Therefore, current study inferred heavy metal absorbance capacity of some wild plant species growing along roadside. Four different wild plant species, i.e., Acacia nilotica L., Calotropis procera L., Ricinus communis L., and Ziziphus mauritiana L. were selected for the study. Leaf samples of these species were collected from four different sites, i.e., Control, New Lahore, Nawababad and Fatehabad. Leaf samples were analyzed to determine Pb2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Mn2+ and Fe3+ accumulation. The A. nilotica, Z. mauritiana and C. procera accumulated significant amount of Pb at New Lahore site. Similarly, R. communis and A. nilotica accumulated higher amounts of Mn, Zn and Fe at Nawababad and New Lahore sites compared to the rest of the species. Nonetheless, Z. mauritiana accumulated higher amounts of Ni at all sites compared with the other species included in the study. Soil surface contributed towards the uptake of heavy metals in leaves; therefore, wild plant species should be grown near the roadsides to control heavy metals pollution. Results revealed that wild plants growing along roadsides accumulate significant amounts of heavy metals. Therefore, these species could be used to halt the vehicular pollution along roadsides and other polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Altaf
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sikandar Altaf
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mumtaz Hussain
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rahmat Ullah Shah
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Rehmat Ullah
- Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ihsan Ullah
- Sorghum Research Substation, Department of Agriculture, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf
- Department of Agricultural Research (Field), Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), Moradabad, India
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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