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Goumeida K, Rahmani D, Le Cour Grandmaison J, Gil Roig JM. Citizens' willingness to support farmers' adoption of low crude protein diet in pig production. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28211. [PMID: 38590865 PMCID: PMC10999877 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Livestock farming has a detrimental effect on the environment since it generates a lot of gas emissions. In pig farming, the use of feed is among the substantial sources of animal farm emissions among the European Union. Nevertheless, the use of Low Dietary Crude Protein (LCP) may reduce the environmental impacts of pig farming and provide diverse ecosystem services (ESs). Concurrently, these pig diets alternatives may result more expensive than the conventional ones, which may negatively affect farmers' intention to adopt these alternatives. Citizens' payment for ESs may be a viable strategy to motivate farmers to implement more sustainable pig diets. The primary objective of this study is to assess the extent to which citizens of Catalonia (Spain) are willing to pay for the ESs generated by the implementation of a LCP diet in pig production. In pursuit of this goal, we conducted an online survey among 501 citizens, including a Discrete Choice Experiment. Participants evaluated three feed scenarios, and their choices were scrutinized using conditional logit model. Results revealed that citizens prefer the new pig diets, including both LCP and Very LCP (VLCP) diets, over the conventional pig diet. However, there is a clear preference toward the VLCP diet justified by their willingness to pay (WTP) of €67/year/adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenza Goumeida
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agroalimentaria y Biotecnología (DEAB), Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya (UPC), Baix Llobregat Campus, C/ Esteve Terradas, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Economía y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (CREDA-UPC-IRTA), C/ Esteve Terradas, 8, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Djamel Rahmani
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agroalimentaria y Biotecnología (DEAB), Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya (UPC), Baix Llobregat Campus, C/ Esteve Terradas, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Economía y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (CREDA-UPC-IRTA), C/ Esteve Terradas, 8, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - José María Gil Roig
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agroalimentaria y Biotecnología (DEAB), Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya (UPC), Baix Llobregat Campus, C/ Esteve Terradas, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Economía y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (CREDA-UPC-IRTA), C/ Esteve Terradas, 8, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang L, Mao Y, Chen Z, Hu X, Wang C, Lu C, Wang L. A systematic review of life-cycle GHG emissions from intensive pig farming: Accounting and mitigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168112. [PMID: 37884131 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Pork accounts for approximately 35 % of the global meat supply, with approximately 747 million tons of CO2e greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions annually. To meet the increasing demand for pork, intensive farming is becoming the priority rearing system owing to its higher productivity. Given the climate transformation ambitions of the pig industry but the lack of knowledge and data, we conducted a systematic review of studies published in the period of 2010-2022 from a life-cycle perspective, with a focus on greenhouse gas emissions accounting and mitigation. The significant variations in systematic harmonized global warming intensities (GWIs) can be primarily attributed to differences in accounting approaches, activity data, technologies and geographical conditions. To understand more, we broke down the entire life cycle and revealed the underlying reasons for modelling mechanisms and data from the main emitters (e.g., feeding, pig rearing, and manure management). These findings are expected to support and improve the transparency, consistency, and comprehensiveness of life-cycle GHG emissions accounting in pig farming. Potential mitigation measures were also reviewed and discussed to provide insights to support the sustainable development of the pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yingrong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhonghao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoshan Hu
- Muyuan Foodstuff Co., Ltd, Longsheng Industrial Park Wolong District, Nanyang, 473000, Henan Province, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Muyuan Foodstuff Co., Ltd, Longsheng Industrial Park Wolong District, Nanyang, 473000, Henan Province, China
| | - Chang Lu
- Muyuan Foodstuff Co., Ltd, Longsheng Industrial Park Wolong District, Nanyang, 473000, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China; Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.
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Beckmüller E, Kluess J, Hüther L, Kersten S, Kölln M, Wilke V, Visscher C, Dänicke S, Grümpel-Schlüter A. Effects of dietary-reduced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on N and P balance, retention and nutrient digestibility of contemporary fattening pigs fed ad libitum. Arch Anim Nutr 2023; 77:468-486. [PMID: 38086826 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2023.2288721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The reduction of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in fattening pigs' diets is one possible approach to lower N and P excretion in livestock farming relative to N and P intake. Due to the implementation of the European Nitrates Directive and the consecutive amendments to the German fertiliser legislation since 2017, N- and P-reduced diets for fattening pigs are becoming more and more important and are increasingly used in practice. To investigate the effects of such diets on N and P balance and retention as well as on nutrient digestibility of contemporary fattening pigs, a balance experiment was performed with eight barrows (average live weight = 61.5 ± 2.1 kg) which were surgically fitted with a simple T-cannula at the terminal ileum. The pigs received a control diet meeting nutrient requirements (CON) and an N- and P-reduced diet (NPred) ad libitum (n = 4/diet) in a 3-phased feeding regimen (3 weeks/phase). In the last week of each phase, faeces and urine were collected quantitatively for 5 days followed by a 2 × 12 hours collection of ileal digesta. Daily feed intake, live weight gain and feed-to-gain ratio did not differ between CON and NPred. NPred-fed pigs consumed 10.5% (p = 0.006) and excreted 28.3% (p = 0.028) less N than CON-fed pigs. Phosphorus excretion was lowered by 15.1% in NPred-fed pigs (p = 0.012). N and P retention did not differ between CON and NPred, but were elevated in comparison to other studies. N and P efficiency, expressed as nutrient retention divided by nutrient intake, was higher in NPred - than CON-fed pigs (N: 68 vs 60%, P: 54.2 vs 49.3%). Apparent post-ileal digestibility coefficient (DCpost-ileal) and apparent total tract digestibility coefficient (DCtotal) of crude protein were higher in NPred - than CON-fed pigs (p < 0.013), but apparent precaecal digestibility coefficient (DCpc) of crude protein was unaffected by diet. DCpc, DCpost-ileal and DCtotal of P were similar for CON- and NPred-fed pigs. NPred-fed pigs showed an elevated DCpc and DCtotal of organic matter, N-free-extractives and starch compared to CON-fed pigs. DCpc of calcium was also higher in NPred-fed pigs. In conclusion, the results suggest that N- and P-reduced feeding of fattening pigs remains an effective strategy to lower the N and P release into the environment. Furthermore, results indicate that N- and P-reduced feeding leads to a higher N and P efficiency in contemporary fattening pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Beckmüller
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jeannette Kluess
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Liane Hüther
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susanne Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mareike Kölln
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Volker Wilke
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover - Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover - Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
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Alba-Reyes Y, Barrera EL, Brito-Ibarra Y, Hermida-García FO. Life cycle environmental impacts of using food waste liquid fodder as an alternative for pig feeding in a conventional Cuban farm. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159915. [PMID: 36343806 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to compare cleaner production alternatives for pig production in the Cuban context through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach emphasizing the utilization of food waste (FW) as a substitute for traditional grain-based pig feeding. A conventional waste management method (lagooning) was assessed, including more environmentally friendly approaches (use of anaerobic digestion (AD) process); including the substitution of a fraction of solid fodder with food waste liquid fodder (LF), obtained from food waste. The analysis was based on one porcine equivalent livestock unit. The environmental impact categories assessed were global warming, terrestrial ecotoxicity, human carcinogenic toxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, terrestrial acidification, and freshwater eutrophication. The major environmental benefits for pig production were observed when the maximum capacity of pigs was considered. In addition, favorable environmental performance was achieved by considering the substitution of solid fodder by LF, the AD as a waste management process, and the valorization of the solid and liquid effluents. The avoided products-related activities were the main contributor to freshwater ecotoxicity, human carcinogenic toxicity, and terrestrial ecotoxicity impact categories (up to 71 %). The sensitivity analysis showed that the variation in LF composition (protein concentration) could have a remarkable impact in all impact categories. Climate change performed as the more sensible impact category, suggesting that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, such as CO2 and N2O, are important drivers to change the environmental impact and need more attention. This research demonstrates that the environmental profile of the process can be improved by applying a cleaner production approach (AD as a waste management alternative and LF substituting solid fodder).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmani Alba-Reyes
- Centre for Energy and Industrial Processes Studies (CEEPI), University of Sancti Spiritus, Ave de Los Martires 360, 60100 Sancti Spiritus, Cuba.
| | - Ernesto L Barrera
- Centre for Energy and Industrial Processes Studies (CEEPI), University of Sancti Spiritus, Ave de Los Martires 360, 60100 Sancti Spiritus, Cuba
| | - Yaima Brito-Ibarra
- Centre for Energy and Industrial Processes Studies (CEEPI), University of Sancti Spiritus, Ave de Los Martires 360, 60100 Sancti Spiritus, Cuba
| | - Félix Orestes Hermida-García
- Centre for Energy and Industrial Processes Studies (CEEPI), University of Sancti Spiritus, Ave de Los Martires 360, 60100 Sancti Spiritus, Cuba
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Rocha GC, Duarte ME, Kim SW. Advances, Implications, and Limitations of Low-Crude-Protein Diets in Pig Production. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243478. [PMID: 36552397 PMCID: PMC9774321 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, five crystalline essential amino acids (Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, and Val) are generally used, allowing formulation of low-crude-protein (CP) diets. Moreover, Ile may also be used depending on its economic value and the specific feeding program. Experimentally, it has been shown that further reduced CP levels can be achieved by supplemental His, Leu, and Phe to the diets. However, decreasing the dietary CP level while maintaining optimal ratios of amino acids has shown contradictory effects on pigs' growth performance. Due to the divergence in the literature and the importance for practical formulation strategies in the swine industry, a literature review and a meta-analysis were performed to estimate the minimum CP level that would not compromise pig performance. Based on the present review, there is a minimum CP level after which the growth performance of pigs can be compromised, even though diets are balanced for essential amino acids. Considering average daily gain and gain to feed, respectively, these levels were estimated to be 18.4% CP (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.3 to 18.4) and 18.3% CP (95% CI: 17.4 to 19.2) for nursery, 16.1% CP (95% CI: 16.0 to 16.2) and 16.3% CP (95% CI: 14.5 to 18.0) for growing, and 11.6% CP (95% CI: 10.8 to 12.3) and 11.4% CP (95% CI: 10.3 to 12.5) for finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Cipriano Rocha
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Correspondence: (G.C.R.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Marcos Elias Duarte
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Correspondence: (G.C.R.); (S.W.K.)
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Souza FNC, Genova JL, Gregory CR, de Oliveira NTE, Castilha LD, Eyng C, Nunes RV, Carvalho ST, Ribeiro CVDM, Carvalho PLDO. Low- and high-protein diets supplemented up to the fourth limiting amino acid for genetic lines of grower-finisher pigs. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Mudau HS, Mokoboki HK, Ravhuhali KE, Mkhize Z. Nutrients Profile of 52 Browse Species Found in Semi-Arid Areas of South Africa for Livestock Production: Effect of Harvesting Site. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102127. [PMID: 34685937 PMCID: PMC8538619 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of these browse plant species as feed supplements to livestock is restricted due to a lack of knowledge about their nutritional status. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of woody browse species found in a semi-arid, as influenced by harvesting, site (Limpopo and North West Province). Limpopo had a Glenrosa, Mispah and Lithosols (GM-L) soil type and North West sites had an Aeolian Kalahari sand, Clovelly and Hutton (AKS-CH) soil type. Fresh leaves from fifty-two trees (five trees per species) were randomly selected and harvested from the site by hand-picking. Limpopo had forty-five browse species and North West had twenty-one browse species, respectively. The samples were air dried at room temperature and ground for laboratory analysis (nutritive value). The data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (for those species that were not common in both sites) and two-way factorial (for those species that were common in both sites) in a completely randomized design. In the GM-L soil type, M. azedarach (223.2 g/kg DM) had the highest (p < 0.05) crude protein content (CP), whereas in the AKS-CH soil type, V. hebeclada (189.2 g/kg DM) had the highest (p < 0.05) CP content. Within each species, V. nilotica. Subsp. Krasssiana had the highest (p < 0.05) dry matter digestibility (725.4 g/kg DM), non-fibrous carbohydrates (607.3 g/kg DM), digestible energy (3.375 Mcal/kg) and metabolizable energy (2.771) content when compared to all the other browse species in both GM-L and AKS-CH soils. Melia azedarach in GM-L had the highest (p < 0.05) values in most amino acids’ parameters measured when compared to the same species in AKS-CH. Though the harvesting site had an effect on the nutritive value, all species, irrespective of the harvesting site, had sufficient CP to be used as a supplement to livestock exposed to the low-quality roughages. The results from this study will be useful for farmers and researchers through the provision of relevant information on how to improve livestock production. There is a need to run in vivo trials to determine the best species suitable for livestock sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humbelani Silas Mudau
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Correspondence: (H.S.M.); (K.E.R.)
| | - Hilda Kwena Mokoboki
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Khuliso Emmanuel Ravhuhali
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Correspondence: (H.S.M.); (K.E.R.)
| | - Zimbili Mkhize
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
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Upadhaya SD, Lee SS, Kim YH, Wu Z, Kim IH. Effects of supplementation of graded level of glutamic acid to crude protein reduced diets on the performance of growing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:825-831. [PMID: 34423869 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A total of 150 growing pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) with an initial average body weight (BW) of 24.45 kg were used in a 6-week trial to estimate the optimum lysine to glutamic acid ratio in pigs fed low-protein diets supplemented with increasing level of synthetic glutamic acid (Glu). Pigs were randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments consisting of either control diet (CON) formulated to have 157 g crude protein (CP) or negative control diets (NC, NC1, NC2 and NC3) with 20 g CP reduction and addition of Glu (1.1, 3.9, 6.8 and 9.6 g/kg feed respectively). Supplementing the increasing level of Glu to low CP diets did not exert any linear or quadratic responses in the growth performance parameters as well as nutrient digestibility. The serum creatinine concentration in pigs receiving CON diet showed trends (p = 0.063) in increment compared with pigs receiving NC diet. However, with the increase in the supplementation of Glu, there were no linear or quadratic responses on serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine concentrations. There was a tendency in the reduction (p = 0.088, p = 0.064) of backfat thickness and lean percentage, respectively, at week 3 and a trend in the reduction (p = 0.092) in lean percentage at week 6 in pigs fed NC diet compared with those fed CON diet. The increase in the supplemental level of Glu tended to show quadratic responses in the backfat thickness and lean percentage at week 3 and 6. In conclusion, the growth performance parameters as well as carcass traits with Lys: Glu ratio 1: 2.71 were very close with the mean values of CON diet indicating that 6.8 g Glu when supplemented to 2% CP reduced diet could achieve the comparable growth performance and carcass trait as that of standard basal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi Devi Upadhaya
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Sang Seon Lee
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Young Hwa Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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