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Huang W, Wolfs K, Modrić A, Van Schepdael A, Adams E. Impact of diluents on the calibration of direct dynamic thermal desorption prior to gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1719:464770. [PMID: 38422708 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A thermal desorber (TD) can be used in different ways to introduce samples in a gas chromatographic (GC) system. Besides its conventional use where the collected analytes are released from the sorbent in the sample tube, direct dynamic desorption (DDD) is an interesting option where a solid sample is put directly in the TD tube. However, since no sorbent is used for the sample, proper calibration is not straightforward. This issue was investigated in the present work using offline liquid calibration (OLC) and inline liquid calibration (ILC). Unexpectedly, ILC yielded a lower response than OLC. This could be related to the adsorption kinetics of the analytes and water on the cold trap of the TD. More insight was gained performing double injection ILC experiments with toluene as diluent for the analytes and injecting water before or after the toluene solution. This revealed a clear influence of the diluent. The influence of water was further explored applying two cold trap temperatures (4 °C and -30 °C). Inserting a LiCl trap in the TD tube to capture the water was found to be an effective solution for the problem. Finally, quantitative aspects of this approach were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Huang
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, O&N2, PB 923, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kris Wolfs
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, O&N2, PB 923, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Modrić
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, O&N2, PB 923, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, O&N2, PB 923, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erwin Adams
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, O&N2, PB 923, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Hu Y, Wang J, Yang Y, Li S, Wu Q, Nepovimova E, Zhang X, Kuca K. Revolutionizing soil heavy metal remediation: Cutting-edge innovations in plant disposal technology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170577. [PMID: 38311074 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Soil contamination with heavy metals has emerged as a global environmental threat, compromising agricultural productivity, ecosystem integrity, and human health. Conventional remediation techniques often fall short due to high costs, operational complexities, and environmental drawbacks. Plant-based disposal technologies, including biochar, phytometallurgy, and phrolysis, have emerged as promising solutions in this regard. Grounded in a novel experimental framework, biochar is studied for its dual role as soil amendment and metal adsorbent, while phytometallurgy is explored for its potential in resource recovery and economic benefits derived from harvested metal-rich plant biomass. Pyrolysis, in turn, is assessed for transforming contaminated biomass into value-added products, thereby minimizing waste. These plant disposal technologies create a circular model of remediation and resource utilization that holds the potential for application in large-scale soil recovery projects, development of environmentally friendly agro-industries, and advancement in sustainable waste management practices. This review mainly discussed cutting-edge plant disposal technologies-biochar application, phytometallurgy, and pyrolysis-as revolutionary approaches to soil heavy metal remediation. The efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact of these innovative technologies are especially evaluated in comparison with traditional methods. The success of these applications could signal a paradigm shift in how we approach both environmental remediation and resource recovery, with profound implications for sustainable development and circular economy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Hu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Junbang Wang
- National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology in Cold Region of Qinghai Province/Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810001, China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic.
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Shentu J, Chen Q, Cui Y, Wang Y, Lu L, Long Y, Zhu M. Disturbance and restoration of soil microbial communities after in-situ thermal desorption in a chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminated site. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130870. [PMID: 36709742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Thermal desorption technology has been widely used for the remediation of organic contaminated soil, but the heating process may alter the soil properties and its safety reutilization. After thermal remediation, the target pollutants including chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,2,3-trichloropropane and vinyl chloride in the chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminated site were reduced significantly. The soil microbial α-diversity was also reduced by more than half. Notably, the relative abundance of Chloroflexi decreased by 9.0%, while Firmicutes had a 9.0% increase after thermal remediation. By water regulation and exogenous microorganism addition, the soil microbial community could not be restored to its initial state before thermal remediation in a relatively short time (30 days). The relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased from 25.4% to 41.7% and 51.0% by water regulation and exogenous microorganism addition, respectively. The modularity of the microbial co-occurrence network was strengthened after microbial restoration, but the interaction among microorganisms was weakened. Thermal remediation might be conducive to the C- and N-cycle related processes, but severely weakened the sulfide oxidation processes. Notably, microbial restoration would benefit the recovery of the S-cycle functional groups. These results provided a new perspective for the safety reutilization of soil after thermal remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Shentu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yuxue Cui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Li Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yuyang Long
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China.
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Efficient Inorganic/Organic Acid Leaching for the Remediation of Protogenetic Lead-Contaminated Soil. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12083995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, inorganic acid and organic acid were used to leach and remediate superheavy, lead-contaminated protogenetic soil with a lead pollution level of 8043 mg∙kg−1. Among the compounds studied, HCl and citric acid (CA) presented the best effects, respectively. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the remediation efficiency of 0.05 mol∙L−1 CA reached 53.6%, while that of 0.2 mol∙L−1 HCl was 70.3%. According to the lead morphology analysis, CA and HCl have certain removal ability to different fractions of lead. Among them, the removal rates of acid-soluble lead in soil by HCl and CA are 93% and 83%, and the soil mobility factor (MF) value decreased from 34.4% to 7.74 % and 12.3%, respectively, indicating that the harm of lead in soil was greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the leaching mechanisms of CA and HCl were studied. The pH values of the soil after leaching with HCl and CA were 3.88 and 6.97, respectively, showing that HCl leaching has caused serious acidification of the soil, while the process of CA leaching is more mild. CA has a relatively high remediation efficiency at such a low concentration, especially for the highly active acid-soluble fraction lead when maintaining the neutrality of the leached soil. Hence, CA is more suitable for the remediation of lead-contaminated soil.
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