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Tambo E, Zhang CS, Tazemda GB, Fankep B, Tappa NT, Bkamko CFB, Tsague LM, Tchemembe D, Ngazoue EF, Korie KK, Djobet MPN, Olalubi OA, Njajou ON. Triple-crises-induced food insecurity: systematic understanding and resilience building approaches in Africa. SCIENCE IN ONE HEALTH 2023; 2:100044. [PMID: 39077040 PMCID: PMC11262256 DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2023.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The triple crises of the COVID-19 pandemic, conflict and climate change have severely impacted food systems, leading to socio-economic consequences and undermining food and nutrition security across Africa. To address the malnutrition and poverty affecting approximately 700 million people in Africa, there is potential for the One Health approach implementation and operationalization to bring together multidisciplinary solutions for tackling food insecurity and ensuring food safety net. However, there is limited documentation on the potential of the One Health approach system thinking implementation to guide responses to triple crises-induced food insecurity. Therefore, this article aims to systematically understand the triple crises-induced food insecurity, connect existing solutions, and explore the role of the One Health approach in strengthening food and agriculture systems in Africa. Our finding showed the impact of triple crises exacerbating food system vulnerability in Africa and worldwide. Mitigating and resilient actions are urgently needed in tackling the emerging and persisting challenges, and infectious diseases menace and burden across Africa. We present a conceptual model illustrating the complex nature of triple crises-induced food insecurity, vulnerability areas within the food system, and actionable strategies for building community food resilience. Additionally, recommendations are provided to create an enabling environment that supports One Health approach implementation and addresses food insecurity challenges through innovative partnerships, local-led initiatives, and enhanced governance and artificial intelligence technology capacities in achieving sustainable and inclusive growth to reduce socio-economic inequalities. Stepping up integrated, actionable, and sustainable food systems programs and innovative long-lasting solutions requires investing in promoting new partnership and research collaboration in building conflict resolution and peace towards strengthening and reshaping local and global food security related climate change adaptations actions for most vulnerable communities' benefits. These are ingredients in fastening preparedness, prevention and control of infectious diseases prevention and control, reducing food supply chains disruption towards accelerating equitable benefits of Universal Health Coverage and Sustainable Development Goals, 2030 across Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Tambo
- Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universite des Montagnes, Cameroon
- Center for Leadership in Global Health Equity, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Chen-Sheng Zhang
- Africa Disease Intelligence, Preparedness and Response (ADIPaR), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, China
| | - Gildas B. Tazemda
- Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universite des Montagnes, Cameroon
| | - Bertin Fankep
- Institut Universitaire et Stratégique de l'Estuaire, Institut des Sciences Appliquées à la Santé (IUEs/INSAM/ISSAS), Cameroon
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Douala, Cameroon
| | - Ngo T. Tappa
- Center for Leadership in Global Health Equity, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
- Institut Universitaire et Stratégique de l'Estuaire, Institut des Sciences Appliquées à la Santé (IUEs/INSAM/ISSAS), Cameroon
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Douala, Cameroon
| | - Cremona F Bette Bkamko
- Institut Universitaire et Stratégique de l'Estuaire, Institut des Sciences Appliquées à la Santé (IUEs/INSAM/ISSAS), Cameroon
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Douala, Cameroon
| | - Laura M. Tsague
- Center for Leadership in Global Health Equity, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
- Institut Universitaire et Stratégique de l'Estuaire, Institut des Sciences Appliquées à la Santé (IUEs/INSAM/ISSAS), Cameroon
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Douala, Cameroon
| | - Daniella Tchemembe
- Institut Universitaire et Stratégique de l'Estuaire, Institut des Sciences Appliquées à la Santé (IUEs/INSAM/ISSAS), Cameroon
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Douala, Cameroon
| | - Elodie F. Ngazoue
- Institut Universitaire et Stratégique de l'Estuaire, Institut des Sciences Appliquées à la Santé (IUEs/INSAM/ISSAS), Cameroon
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Douala, Cameroon
| | - Kennedy K. Korie
- Center for Leadership in Global Health Equity, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
- Institut Universitaire et Stratégique de l'Estuaire, Institut des Sciences Appliquées à la Santé (IUEs/INSAM/ISSAS), Cameroon
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Oluwasogo A. Olalubi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kwara State university (KWASU), Malete, Nigeria
| | - Omer N. Njajou
- DAI Tackling Deadly Diseases in Africa (TDDA) Programme, Cameroon
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Abstract
The study aims to validate the measures taken by the government of Mongolia against COVID-19 and to analyse the negative impacts of COVID-19 on the livelihood of different types of households. The survey covers 362 households consisting of five different types, namely, apartment households, ger district households, herder households, vegetable growing households, and small farmer households. Principal component analysis is used to reduce the number of variables to a few factors that best explain the variation in the variables. Two to three components were found from the principal component analyses that describe (i) government policy, (ii) challenges due to COVID-19, and (iii) risk and vulnerability that occurred due to COVID-19. Multiple regression models attributed by the household’s type were used to analyse the impact of the selected variables on the households’ income. According to the regression results, herding households are the least affected, compared to the other four types of households. The government measures to mitigate the negative impacts of COVID-19 have better results for apartment households and ger district households. Rural households are less affected and seem to be more resilient to COVID-19 shocks than other households.
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Do COVID-19 and Food Insecurity Influence Existing Inequalities between Women and Men in Africa? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042065. [PMID: 35206252 PMCID: PMC8871765 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This review sought to understand what is currently known about how the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and restrictive measures are affecting food security and equality between women and men in all of Africa. A review of both the academic and grey literature was performed by following PRISMA guidelines. Results showed that a general disparity exists in gender-inclusive/-sensitive research. Most reported increases in inequalities between women and men were predictive only. Evidence-based articles found were mainly conducted online and target tertiary educated populations, among which neutral effects were found. A general lack of disaggregated data (e.g., women vs. men) was found to be a barrier in gaining a complete understanding of the situation on-the-ground. Furthermore, documents reporting on food security seldom included all four pillars (i.e., availability, access, utility, stability) in their analysis despite the reciprocal connection between them all. Within household disparities and the impacts on power relationships within households were also overlooked. Future studies must focus on rural settings and gender disaggregated interview processes as well as consider all pillars of food security. Doing so will help to better inform governments and humanitarian groups leading to better designed policies and social supports that target where they are most needed.
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