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Tahir MT, Anwar S, Ahmad N, Sattar M, Qazi UW, Ghafoor U, Bhutta MR. Thermal Management of Microelectronic Devices Using Nanofluid with Metal foam Heat Sink. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1475. [PMID: 37512786 PMCID: PMC10383464 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Microelectronic components are used in a variety of applications that range from processing units to smart devices. These components are prone to malfunctions at high temperatures exceeding 373 K in the form of heat dissipation. To resolve this issue, in microelectronic components, a cooling system is required. This issue can be better dealt with by using a combination of metal foam, heat sinks, and nanofluids. This study investigates the effect of using a rectangular-finned heat sink integrated with metal foam between the fins, and different water-based nanofluids as the working fluid for cooling purposes. A 3D numerical model of the metal foam with a BCC-unit cell structure is used. Various parameters are analyzed: temperature, pressure drop, overall heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, and flow rate. Fluid flows through the metal foam in a turbulent flow with a Reynold's number ranging from 2100 to 6500. The optimum fin height, thickness, spacing, and base thickness for the heat sink are analyzed, and for the metal foam, the material, porosity, and pore density are investigated. In addition, the volume fraction, nanoparticle material, and flow rate for the nanofluid is obtained. The results showed that the use of metal foam enhanced the thermal performance of the heat sink, and nanofluids provided better thermal management than pure water. For both cases, a higher Nusselt number, overall heat transfer coefficient, and better temperature reduction is achieved. CuO nanofluid and high-porosity low-pore-density metal foam provided the optimum results, namely a base temperature of 314 K, compared to 341 K, with a pressure drop of 130 Pa. A trade-off was achieved between the temperature reduction and pumping power, as higher concentrations of nanofluid provided better thermal management and resulted in a large pressure drop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Teham Tahir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shahzaib Anwar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Naseem Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mariyam Sattar
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Usama Waleed Qazi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ghafoor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Raheel Bhutta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of UTAH Asia Campus, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
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Majeed Butt O, Shakeel Ahmad M, Kai Lun T, Seng Che H, Fayaz H, Abd Rahim N, Koziol KKK, Radwan N, Amir Khan M, Khan NA, Singh L. A comparative study based on performance and techno-economic analysis of different strategies for PV-Electrolyzer (green) hydrogen fueling incinerator system. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 156:1-11. [PMID: 36424243 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The integration of hydrogen in the primary energy mix requires a major technological shift in virtually every energy-related application. This study has attempted to investigate the techno-economic solar photovoltaic (PV) integrated water electrolysis and waste incineration system. Three different strategies, i.e., (i) PV + Battery(Hybrid mode with required batteries); (ii) auto-ignition (Direct coupling); and (iii) PV + Secondary-Electrolyzer(Direct coupling assisted with secondary electrolyzer), have been envisioned. The 'PV + Battery' consume 42.42 % and 15.07 % less energy than the auto-ignition and 'PV + Secondary-Electrolyzer' methods. However, the capital cost of 'PV + Battery' has been calculated to be 15.4 % and 11.8 % more than auto-ignition and 'PV + Secondary-Electrolyzer, respectively.The energy consumption relative to waste input, the 'PV + Battery' method used 80 % less energy, while auto-ignition and 'PV + Secondary-Electrolyzer' showed 70.5 % and 77.5 % less energy, respectively. Furthermore, these approaches showed a vast difference in cost-benefit for the longer run. 'PV + Battery' was forecasted to be 73.3 % and 23.3 % more expensive than auto-ignition and 'PV + Secondary-Electrolyzer' methods, respectively, for 30 years. Overall, this study can benefit from using either of these methods depending on the application, usage scale, and climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Majeed Butt
- UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Center (UMPEDAC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Electrical Electronics & Computer Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad
- UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Center (UMPEDAC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Teong Kai Lun
- UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Center (UMPEDAC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hang Seng Che
- UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Center (UMPEDAC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H Fayaz
- Modeling Evolutionary Algorithms Simulation and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Nasrudin Abd Rahim
- UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Center (UMPEDAC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Krzysztof K K Koziol
- School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Building 61 (Office: C61.1.3), College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Neyara Radwan
- Faculty of Economics & Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Mechanical Department, Faculty of Engineering, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Amir Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Galgotia College of Engineering, Knowledge Park I, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Nadeem A Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Mewat Engineering College, Nuh Haryana, 122107, India
| | - Lakhveer Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Mandi 175001, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Chakraborty S, Jain A, Sarmah SP. An integrated mathematical model based on grey optimal ranking for supplier selection considering pandemic situation. OPSEARCH 2022. [PMCID: PMC9400579 DOI: 10.1007/s12597-022-00601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Optimal selection and allocation of suppliers are crucial decisions for an organization and it becomes more critical when the firm faces disruptive events. The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has led to massive supply disruptions in a supply chain. This paper aims to address the supplier selection and allocation problem of manufacturing firms under pandemic environment. In this study, a novel Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model integrated with grey optimal ranking of suppliers considering factors related to pandemic situation is proposed. The methodology is implemented in two subsequent stages. In the first stage, Grey Relational Analysis is adopted to determine the grey possibility scoring, and in the second stage, a supplier selection model is proposed to integrate the grey scoring to a MILP model to determine optimal allocation of suppliers. The paper presents a numerical study to demonstrate the proposed model and sensitivity analysis is conducted to deduce key managerial insights regarding the factors affecting the allocation under pandemic situation. Further, the illustration demonstrates how the proposed method integrates the expert ranking based approach and the cost minimization approach. The study is generic in nature and provides useful directions for practitioners involved in supplier selection in manufacturing organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Chakraborty
- Department of Operations and IT, ICFAI Business School Hyderabad, ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education, Hyderabad, India
| | - Akshat Jain
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - S. P. Sarmah
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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Abstract
This review study attempts to summarize available energy storage systems in order to accelerate the adoption of renewable energy. Inefficient energy storage systems have been shown to function as a deterrent to the implementation of sustainable development. It is therefore critical to conduct a thorough examination of existing and soon-to-be-developed energy storage technologies. Various scholarly publications in the fields of energy storage systems and renewable energy have been reviewed and summarized. Data and themes have been further highlighted with the use of appropriate figures and tables. Case studies and examples of major projects have also been researched to gain a better understanding of the energy storage technologies evaluated. An insightful analysis of present energy storage technologies and other possible innovations have been discovered with the use of suitable literature review and illustrations. This report also emphasizes the critical necessity for an efficient storage system if renewable energy is to be widely adopted.
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