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Hu Y, Yang R, Wu Y, Chen X, Lin W, Wang H, Qi Z, Zhang D, Ouyang L. The fate of organic compounds in organic waste during torrefaction and implications for its valorization. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 361:124841. [PMID: 39209058 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Torrefaction is commonly used to improve biomass properties, applications, and economy. The characteristics and subsequent applications of torrefied biomass are largely contingent on the organic compounds in parent biomass and their evolution during torrefaction. Yet, the evolution of organic compounds in biomass particularly minor components (e.g., polyphenols) is far less investigated for torrefaction. To address such issues, a superheated steam (SHS) boosted torrefaction process at different temperatures (200, 250, and 300 °C) and residence times (15, 30, and 60 min) was performed on spent coffee ground (SCG), which is an emerging biowaste and is rich in various organic compounds. Results found that both temperature and residence time determine SHS torrefaction performance. SHS torrefaction could effectively remove volatile matters to upgrade SCG for solid fuel. The relatively high content of N and S in torrefied SCG may negatively affect fuel quality but may benefit its adsorption of environmental pollutants. SHS boosted torrefaction could facilitate cellulose and lipids degradation compared to conventional torrefaction. Efficient reduction/removal of labile carbon and ecotoxic chemicals (e.g., phenols and caffeine) in SCG was successfully achieved with SHS torrefaction. As a result, SHS-torrefied SCG with higher biostability and lower phytotoxicity was evaluated as soil amendments and additives to soilless growing substrate. Implications for subsequent application by revealing the evolution of organic compounds during SHS torrefaction were discussed. This study highlighted the potentiality of SHS torrefaction as a pretreatment of biomass for versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Technology Innovation Center for Land Engineering and Human Settlements By Shaanxi Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd and Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China; Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co, Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China; Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610213, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- Technology Innovation Center for Land Engineering and Human Settlements By Shaanxi Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd and Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610039, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610213, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610213, China
| | - Zhiyong Qi
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610213, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, 610041, China; Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610213, China.
| | - Lin Ouyang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610213, China.
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Production of Biochar and Other High Value-Added Products from Biomass by Wet Torrefaction in Fluidized Bed in Superheated Steam Environment. CHEMICAL AND PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10556-022-01080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Superheated Steam Torrefaction of Biomass Residues with Valorisation of Platform Chemicals Part—2: Economic Assessment and Commercialisation Opportunities. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Up to now biorefinery concepts can hardly compete with the conventional production of fossil-based chemicals. On one hand, conventional chemical production has been optimised over many decades in terms of energy, yield and costs. Biorefineries, on the other hand, do not have the benefit of long-term experience and therefore have a huge potential for optimisation. This study deals with the economic evaluation of a newly developed biorefinery concept based on superheated steam (SHS) torrefaction of biomass residues with recovery of valuable platform chemicals. Two variants of the biorefinery were economically investigated. One variant supplies various platform chemicals and torrefied biomass. The second variant supplies thermal energy for external consumers in addition to platform chemicals. The results show that both variants can be operated profitably if the focus of the platform chemicals produced is on high quality and thus on the higher-priced segment. The economic analysis gives clear indications of the most important financial influencing parameters. The economic impact of integration into existing industrial structures is positive. With the analysis, a viable business model can be developed. Based on the results of the present study, an open-innovation platform is recommended for the further development and commercialisation of the novel biorefinery.
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