The Role of Blockchain Technologies in the Sustainable Development of Students’ Learning Process

A New Subject-Sensitive Hashing Algorithm Based on MultiRes-RCF for Blockchains of HRRS Images

Aiming at the deficiency that blockchain technology is too sensitive to the binary-level changes of high resolution remote sensing (HRRS) images, we propose a new subject-sensitive hashing algorithm specially for HRRS image blockchains. To implement this subject-sensitive hashing algorithm, we designed and implemented a deep neural network model MultiRes-RCF (richer convolutional features) for extracting features from HRRS images. A MultiRes-RCF network is an improved RCF network that borrows the MultiRes mechanism of MultiResU-Net. The subject-sensitive hashing algorithm based on MultiRes-RCF can detect the subtle tampering of HRRS images while maintaining robustness to operations that do not change the content of the HRRS images. Experimental results show that our MultiRes-RCF-based subject-sensitive hashing algorithm has better tamper sensitivity than the existing deep learning models such as RCF, AAU-net, and Attention U-net, meeting the needs of HRRS image blockchains.

Development of Blockchain Learning Game-Themed Education Program Targeting Elementary Students Based on ASSURE Model

The blockchain education program based on the ASSURE model proposed in this article is of value because it can be applied in blended learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, using learning games to facilitate self-directed learning. We developed the education program in accordance with the six steps of the education design process of the ASSURE model. Firstly, we assessed learners to identify digital literacy issues of South Korean elementary students and jobs desired by them. Secondly, the objective of blockchain education was defined as improving awareness of and attention to blockchain technology by elementary students. Thirdly, gamification applied lessons were used as a teaching method, with educational media and data developed as worksheets and materials that can be used both online and offline. Fourthly, the educational contents and teaching aids were tested to evaluate the developed learning materials. Fifthly, the learning games were designed to offer rewards. Last, we designed the program to teach the principles of consensus mechanisms, private blockchain, and public blockchain. Education experts’ feedback was analyzed using technical statistics and LDA-based topic modeling to assess and modify the program. The education program design approach incorporating gamification elements was effective but needed expansion in coverage to include level-based teaching elements.