The Influence of Leadership Style in China SMEs on Enterprise Innovation Performance: The Mediating Roles of Organizational Learning

Stimulating the Influence of Teaching Effectiveness and Students’ Learning Motivation by Using the Hierarchical Linear Model

In the context of school learning and teaching, teachers are leaders who stimulate students’ learning outcomes through leadership styles. The teacher efficacy of this study is discussed by using multiple teaching and class management strategies. Because the situation of each school is different, the contingency theory is used to design the research structure. This study changed the original leadership style to the new leadership style; effectiveness to teacher effectiveness; and context to school context, and set them as moderators. Since the unit of analysis is teachers, it is difficult to find factors such as differences in regression coefficients in the school context. Therefore, the HLM hierarchical linear analysis is used, and the school context is set as the second level, and then statistical analysis is performed. Teachers’ leadership styles have significant differences in multiple teaching strategies for teacher effectiveness. Moral leadership and charismatic leadership have a moderating effect on the multiple teaching strategies of teacher effectiveness. The multiple teaching strategies of teacher effectiveness have a significant effect in middle school situations with lower moral leadership. On the other hand, charismatic leadership is more pronounced in middle school situations than in high school situations. Teachers’ leadership styles have a significant impact on classroom management of teacher effectiveness. Under the situational control of schools, moral leadership, charismatic leadership, and supportive leadership have moderating effects on classroom management of teacher effectiveness. When the classroom management of teacher effectiveness is in the middle school situation, low moral leadership is more significant; in the high school situation, charismatic leadership will reduce the effectiveness of the class management; in the moderate or high situation, the higher the support of the leader, the greater the effect of class management.

The Assessment of Internal Indicators on The Balanced Scorecard Measures of Sustainability

Background: Performance evaluation has become an essential tool for managers in the banking sector, which is undergoing frequent and rapid changes. It allows banks to maintain a high level of returns and reach their targets while staying competitive. In this context, sustainable performance management has emerged as essential for the banking sector. Indeed, the sustainable management of performance, while increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of organizations, also ensures sustainable measurement based on balanced scorecard practices. Purpose: This study aims to examine the assessment of internal indicators on the balanced scorecard of sustainability in the banking system in North Cyprus, which is one of the sustainable performance evaluation methods. Moreover, it aims to evaluate and reveal the effects of innovation performance, organizational culture, intrapreneurship, and the efficiency and effectiveness of the accounting information system on overall business performance in terms of the performance scorecard to achieve sustainable balanced scorecard systems. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study (BSC), which focuses on the banking industry in North Cyprus, was motivated by the recent and limited usage of a balanced scorecard. The questionnaire was used to gather data from 350 employees and managers of 21 banks in North Cyprus. Analyses of the collected data were conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM, AMOS 25). Findings: The findings of the research established that organizational culture, intrapreneurship, and accounting information system effectiveness have positive effects on a balanced scorecard and its sub-dimensions. Innovation performance does not affect the balanced scorecard and its sub-dimensions. Originality/Value: In identifying the advantages and contributions in BSC introduction and implementation, the study contributes to the current state of knowledge, enabling organizations which intend to use this tool to adopt it and develop it. This study takes organizations’ culture, innovation and intrapreneurship performance, and development on accounting and information systems into consideration in relation to the implementation process of BSC.