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Loise V, Calandra P, Policicchio A, Madeo L, Oliviero Rossi C, Porto M, Abe A, Agostino RG, Caputo P. The efficiency of bio-char as bitumen modifier. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23192. [PMID: 38205314 PMCID: PMC10777419 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Improving the mechanical properties of bitumen is an important goal for road pavements design. For this reason, new compounds are now being sought for testing as bitumen modifiers. In this work, the authors studied the effect that two different chars have on two 50/70 bitumens with different chemical and physical characteristics. A complete morphological, surface and bulk characterization of the two additives was carried out. In addition, rheology, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry and atomic force microscopy were used to analyze the effect that the two additives exert on the properties of the bitumens. According to the results, the char sample with high porosity could be used as a modifier of mechanical properties, while no rejuvenation effects were observed for either of the two additives tested. In addition, the two additives do not give rise to segregation phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Loise
- University of Calabria, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Via P. Bucci Cubo 14D, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Pietro Calandra
- National Research Council, CNR-ISMN, Via Salaria km. 29.300, 00015, Monterotondo, Stazione, RM, Italy
| | - Alfonso Policicchio
- University of Calabria, Department of Physics, Via Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 31C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
- CNISM - National Interuniversity Consortium for the Physical Sciences of Matter, Via della Vasca Navale, 84, 00146, Rome, Italy
- CNR-Nanotec, c/o Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 31C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Luigi Madeo
- University of Calabria, Department of Physics, Via Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 31C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Cesare Oliviero Rossi
- University of Calabria, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Via P. Bucci Cubo 14D, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Michele Porto
- University of Calabria, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Via P. Bucci Cubo 14D, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Abraham Abe
- University of Calabria, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Via P. Bucci Cubo 14D, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Raffaele G. Agostino
- University of Calabria, Department of Physics, Via Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 31C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
- CNISM - National Interuniversity Consortium for the Physical Sciences of Matter, Via della Vasca Navale, 84, 00146, Rome, Italy
- CNR-Nanotec, c/o Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 31C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Paolino Caputo
- University of Calabria, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Via P. Bucci Cubo 14D, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
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He L, Tao M, Liu Z, Cao Z, Zhu J, Gao J, Bergh WVD, Chailleux E, Huang Y, Vasconcelos K, Cannone Falchetto A, Balieu R, Grenfell J, Wilson DJ, Valentin J, Kowalski KJ, Rzek L, Gaspar L, Ling T, Ma Y. Biomass valorization toward sustainable asphalt pavements: Progress and prospects. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 165:159-178. [PMID: 37178677 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To cope with the global climate crisis and assist in achieving the carbon neutrality, the use of biomass materials to fully or partially replace petroleum-based products and unrenewable resources is expected to become a widespread solution. Based on the analysis of the existing literature, this paper firstly classified biomass materials with potential application prospects in pavement engineering according to their application and summarized their respective preparation methods and characteristics. The pavement performance of asphalt mixtures with biomass materials was analyzed and summarized, and the economic and environmental benefits of bio-asphalt binder were evaluated. The analysis shows that pavement biomass materials with potential for practical application can be divided into three categories: bio-oil, bio-fiber, and bio-filler. Adding bio-oil to modify or extend the virgin asphalt binder can mostly improve the low temperature performance of asphalt binder. Adding styrene-butadienestyrene (SBS) or other preferable bio-components for composite modification will have a further improved effect. Most of the asphalt mixtures prepared by using bio-oil modified asphalt binders have improved the low temperature crack resistance and fatigue resistance of asphalt mixtures, but the high temperature stability and moisture resistance may decrease. As a rejuvenator, most bio-oils can restore the high and low temperature performance of aged asphalt and recycled asphalt mixture, and improve fatigue resistance. Adding bio-fiber could significantly improve the high temperature stability, low temperature crack resistance and moisture resistance of asphalt mixtures. Biochar as a bio-filler can slow down the asphalt aging process and some other bio-fillers can improve the high temperature stability and fatigue resistance of asphalt binders. Through calculation, it is found that the cost performance of bio-asphalt has the ability to surpass conventional asphalt and has economic benefits. The use of biomass materials for pavements not only reduces pollutants, but also reduces the dependence on petroleum-based products. It has significant environmental benefits and development potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Transportation & Civil Engineering Materials, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China.
| | - Mengzhe Tao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Transportation & Civil Engineering Materials, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Transportation & Civil Engineering Materials, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Zhi Cao
- Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp G.Z.352, Belgium
| | - Jiqing Zhu
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), SE-581 95 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Wim Van den Bergh
- Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp G.Z.352, Belgium.
| | - Emmanuel Chailleux
- MIT, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Ifsttar, Route de Bouaye CS4, 44344 Bouguenais, France.
| | - Yue Huang
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, 34-40 University Road, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | | | - Romain Balieu
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 23, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James Grenfell
- The Australian Road Research Board, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia
| | - Douglas J Wilson
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jan Valentin
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 166 29 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Karol J Kowalski
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Roads and Bridges, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-637, Poland
| | - Lidija Rzek
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva 12, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Laszlo Gaspar
- Pavement and Bridge Centre, KTI Institute for Transport Sciences, Budapest H-1119, Hungary
| | - Tianqing Ling
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Transportation & Civil Engineering Materials, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Yu Ma
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Transportation & Civil Engineering Materials, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
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Pyrolysis and Gasification of a Real Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF): The Potential Use of the Products under a Circular Economy Vision. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238114. [PMID: 36500207 PMCID: PMC9739972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Refuse-Derived Fuels (RDFs) are segregated forms of wastes obtained by a combined mechanical-biological processing of municipal solid wastes (MSWs). The narrower characteristics, e.g., high calorific value (18-24 MJ/kg), low moisture content (3-6%) and high volatile (77-84%) and carbon (47-56%) contents, make RDFs more suitable than MSWs for thermochemical valorization purposes. As a matter of fact, EU regulations encourage the use of RDF as a source of energy in the frameworks of sustainability and the circular economy. Pyrolysis and gasification are promising thermochemical processes for RDF treatment, since, compared to incineration, they ensure an increase in energy recovery efficiency, a reduction of pollutant emissions and the production of value-added products as chemical platforms or fuels. Despite the growing interest towards RDFs as feedstock, the literature on the thermochemical treatment of RDFs under pyrolysis and gasification conditions still appears to be limited. In this work, results on pyrolysis and gasification tests on a real RDF are reported and coupled with a detailed characterization of the gaseous, condensable and solid products. Pyrolysis tests have been performed in a tubular reactor up to three different final temperatures (550, 650 and 750 °C) while an air gasification test at 850 °C has been performed in a fluidized bed reactor using sand as the bed material. The results of the two thermochemical processes are analyzed in terms of yield, characteristics and quality of the products to highlight how the two thermochemical conversion processes can be used to accomplish waste-to-materials and waste-to-energy targets. The RDF gasification process leads to the production of a syngas with a H2/CO ratio of 0.51 and a tar concentration of 3.15 g/m3.
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Martínez-Toledo C, Valdés-Vidal G, Calabi-Floody A, González ME, Reyes-Ortiz O. Effect of Biochar from Oat Hulls on the Physical Properties of Asphalt Binder. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7000. [PMID: 36234340 PMCID: PMC9614610 DOI: 10.3390/ma15197000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to verify the feasibility of using biochar from oat hulls (BO) as a potential bio-modifier to improve the physical properties of conventional asphalt binder. The BO and asphalt binder were characterized by confocal (fluorescence) laser microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Then, an asphalt binder modification procedure was established and modifications with 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% of BO on the weight of the asphalt binder were evaluated, using a particle size < 75 µm. The physical properties of the evaluated modified asphalt binder with BO were: rotational viscosity in original and aged state, aging index, Fraass breaking point, softening point, penetration, penetration rate and storage stability. The results indicated that the BO has a porous structure, able to interact with the asphalt binder by C=O and C=C bonds. In addition, modification of the asphalt binder with BO increases the rotational viscosity related to high-temperature rutting resistance. The results obtained from the Fraass breaking point and softening point indicated that the use of BO extends the viscoelastic range of the asphalt binder. In addition, the evaluated modifications present low susceptibility to aging and good storage stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gonzalo Valdés-Vidal
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | | | | | - Oscar Reyes-Ortiz
- Department of Civil Engineering, Military University of Nueva Granada, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
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