Numerical Analysis of Boundary Layer Flow Adjacent to a Thin Needle in Nanofluid with the Presence of Heat Source and Chemical Reaction

Forced Convection of Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)-Boundary Layer Flow Past Thin Needle with Variable Wall Temperature Using Casson Nanofluid

The important goal in the twenty-first century has become to optimiz efficiency. For instance, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), an antifreeze or heat exchange fluid flows in a nuclear power reactor, heat-transfer design, etc. These advancements have been made either through the use of novel materials (duct walls with improved thermal insulation properties) comprising the duct walls, innovative geometric designs, or enhanced working fluids. In parallel with several additional areas of mechanical, medicinal, and energy engineering, nanotechnology has permeated duct design. Inspired by the remarkable potential of nanofluids, a subset of materials is created at the nanoscale. The study of thin needles in fluid flow is a very important aspect of biomedical areas and engineering industries. It is especially used in blood flow problems, circulatory problems, cancer therapy, aerodynamics, and fibre coating. In the current study, a novel mathematical model is created for the movement of the heat on a fine needle with changeable surface temperature using a Casson nanofluid. These governing equations are solved using the 4th order RK method and the collocation formula defined in bvp4c of Matlab software. To regulate the nanofluid, the Tiwari-Das model is used. The solid (metal) nanoparticles are added in the blood (carrier fluid). The momentum, energy, skin-friction coefficient, and Nusselt values are tabulated and displayed graphically. The Casson parameter raises the momentum but lowers the temperature. The Nusselt values are incremented when nanofluid is used instead of conventional fluids. For confined situations, numerical outcomes are compared with the literature and a good level of agreement is discovered.

Chemical reaction, Dufour and Soret effects on the stability of magnetohydrodynamic blood flow conveying magnetic nanoparticle in presence of thermal radiation: A biomedical application

Nowadays ferrofluids (magnetic nanofluids) are at the center of many researches because of their major biomedical applications such as drug delivery and cancer treatment. The effects of chemical reaction, temperature gradient induced mass transfer and concentration gradient induced heat transfer on the stability of ferrofluid flow are of great importance. This paper deals with a stability analysis of a ferrofluid composed of blood as base fluid and magnetic nanoparticles. The study integrates the effects of chemical reactions, the effects of mass transfer (Soret effect), the effects of heat transfer (Dufour effect) and the effects of the Buoyancy force. The flow is exposed to a magnetic field and thermal radiation. A system of eigenvalue equations governing the evolution of disturbances is derived by assuming a normal mode analysis. This system of equations is then solved numerically by the method of collocation. It appears from this study that the addition of nanoparticles to the blood increases its inertia, which dampens the amplitude of the disturbances and stabilizes the flow. The Casson parameter affects the stability of the flow by increasing the amplitude of the disturbances, which reflects its destabilizing effect. It appears from this study that taking into account the non-Newtonian nature of blood is very important when modeling the dynamics of the system because it shows more important and very different results than when blood is treated as a Newtonian fluid. The chemical reaction between the fluid and the nanoparticles leads to the redistribution of disturbances within the flow, which amplifies the instabilities and reflects the destabilizing character of the chemical reaction. On the other hand, temperature gradient induced mass transfer effects and concentration gradient induced heat transfer effects play an essential role on the stability of the flow because they attenuate the amplitude of the disturbances in the flow. The Darcy number exhibits a stabilizing effect on the flow. It appears from this analysis that the porosity of the medium increases the contact surface between the fluid and the nanoparticles. Buoyancy forces, thermal radiation parameter and wave number contribute to the stability of the flow. The magnetic field through the Lorentz force decreases the kinetic energy of the flow, which dissipates the disturbances and thus reflects the stabilizing character of the magnetic field. It should be noted that heat and mass transfer on magnetohydrodynamic flows through porous media taking into consideration the effect of chemical reaction appears in many natural and artificial transport processes in several branches of science and engineering applications. This phenomenon plays an important role in the chemical industry, power and cooling industry for drying, chemical vapor deposition on surfaces, cooling of nuclear reactors and petroleum industry. The effects of thermal radiation, mass and heat transfer are used in many situations in biomedical engineering and aerospace engineering.

Forced convection flow of water conveying AA7072 and AA7075 alloys-nanomaterials on variable thickness object experiencing Dufour and Soret effects

Hybrid nanofluids containing titanium alloy particles have a large class of applications in industrial plastics and soaps, microsensors, aerospace material designs, optical filters, nanowires, surgical implants, and a variety of biological applications. This paper presents a mathematical analysis of Soret and Dufour impacts on the radiative flow through a thin moving needle of binary hybrid alloys nanoparticles. The transformed ordinary differential equations are solved numerically using the built-in function, bvp4c, in MATLAB software. The influences of all relevant parameters are shown in figures and tables. Two outcomes are developed for a precise range of the velocity ratio parameter. In particular, dual solutions are obtained when the needle and the fluid move in the opposite directions, while the solution is unique when they move in the same direction. The outcomes disclose that addition of nanoparticles into the base fluid upsurges the shear stress and the Nusselt number while decreasing the Sherwood number. Meanwhile, an upsurge in the needle size results in an uplift of the temperature and the concentration for the upper branch solution, whereas the velocity declines.

Application of Levenberg-Marquardt technique for electrical conducting fluid subjected to variable viscosity

In the present study, design of intelligent numerical computing through backpropagated neural networks (BNNs) is presented for numerical treatment of the fluid mechanics problems governing the dynamics of magnetohydrodynamic fluidic model (MHD-NFM) past a stretching surface embedded in porous medium along with imposed heat source/sink and variable viscosity. The original system model MHD-NFM in terms of PDEs is converted to nonlinear ODEs by introducing the similarity transformations. A reference dataset for BNNs approach is generated with Adams numerical solver for different scenarios of MHD-NFM by variation of parameter of viscosity, parameter of heat source and sink, parameter of permeability, magnetic field parameter, and Prandtl number. To calculate the approximate solution for MHD-NFM for different scenarios, the training, testing, and validation processes are conducted in parallel to adapt neural networks by reducing the mean square error (MSE) function through Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation. The comparative studies and performance analyses through outcomes of MSE, error histograms, correlation and regression demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed BNNs methodology.

Numerical Simulation of Williamson Nanofluid Flow over an Inclined Surface: Keller Box Analysis

The study of nanofluids has become a key research area in mathematics, physics, engineering, and materials science. Nowadays, nanofluids are widely used in many industrial applications to improve thermophysical properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, convective heat transfer, and viscosity. This article discusses the effects of heat generation/absorption and chemical reaction on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of Williamson nanofluid over an inclined stretching surface. The impact of Williamson factor on velocity field is investigated numerically using Keller box analysis (KBA). Suitable similarity transformations are used to recover ordinary differential equations (ODEs) from the boundary flow equations. These ordinary differential equations are addressed numerically. The numerical computations revealed that energy and species exchange decrease with rising values of magnetic field. Moreover, it is found that increasing the chemical reaction parameter increases the Nusselt number and decreases skin friction. Further, the effect of Lewis parameter diminishes energy transport rate. In the same vein, it is also observed that increasing the inclination can enhance skin friction, while the opposite occurred for the energy and species transport rate. As given numerical computations demonstrate, our results are in reasonable agreement with the reported earlier studies.

Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer for Second-Order Slip Flow on a Thin Needle Using a Two-Phase Nanofluid Model

The present paper concentrates on the second-order slip flow over a moving thin needle in a nanofluid. The combined effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion are considered to describe the heat and mass transfer performance of nanofluid. The resulting system of equations are obtained using similarity transformations and being executed in MATLAB software via bvp4c solver. The physical characteristics of embedded parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration, coefficient of skin friction, heat and mass transfer rates are demonstrated through a graphical approach and are discussed in detail. The obtained outcomes are validated with the existing works and are found to be in good agreement. It is shown that, for a specific domain of moving parameter, dual solutions are likely to exist. The stability analysis is performed to identify the stability of the solutions gained, and it is revealed that only one of them is numerically stable. The analysis indicated that the percentage of increment in the heat and mass transfer rates from no-slip to slip condition for both thin and thick surfaces of the needle ( a = 0.1 and a = 0.2 ) are 10.77 % and 12.56 % , respectively. Moreover, the symmetric behavior is noted for the graphs of reduced heat and mass transfer when the parameters N b and N t are the same.

Mixed Convective Stagnation Point Flow towards a Vertical Riga Plate in Hybrid Cu-Al2O3/Water Nanofluid

The present work highlights the stagnation point flow with mixed convection induced by a Riga plate using a Cu-Al 2 O 3 /water hybrid nanofluid. The electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) force generated from the Riga plate was influential in the heat transfer performance and applicable to delay the boundary layer separation. Similarity transformation was used to reduce the complexity of the governing model. MATLAB software, through the bvp4c function, was used to compute the resulting nonlinear ODEs. Pure forced convective flow has a distinctive solution, whereas two similarity solutions were attainable for the buoyancy assisting and opposing flows. The first solution was validated as the physical solution through the analysis of flow stability. The accretion of copper volumetric concentration inflated the heat transfer rate for the aiding and opposing flows. The heat transfer rate increased approximately up to an average of 10.216% when the copper volumetric concentration increased from 0.005 ( 0.5 % ) to 0.03 ( 3 % ) .

Thermally Stratified Darcy Forchheimer Flow on a Moving Thin Needle with Homogeneous Heterogeneous Reactions and Non-Uniform Heat Source/Sink

This study discusses the flow of viscous fluid past a moving thin needle in a Darcy–Forchheimer permeable media. The novelty of the envisioned mathematical model is enhanced by adding the effects of a non-uniform source/sink amalgamated with homogeneous–heterogeneous (hh) reactions. The MATLAB bvp4c function is employed to solve the non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which are obtained via similarity transformations. The outcomes of numerous parameters are explicitly discussed graphically. The drag force coefficient and heat transfer rate are considered and discussed accordingly. It is comprehended that higher estimates of variable source/sink boost the temperature profile.

Multiple Slip Effects on Magnetohydrodynamic Axisymmetric Buoyant Nanofluid Flow above a Stretching Sheet with Radiation and Chemical Reaction

The present article investigates the effect of multiple slips on axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) buoyant nano-fluid flow over a stretching sheet with radiation and chemical effect. The non-linear partial differential equations were transformed to a non-linear control equation using an appropriate similarity transformation. The governing equations were solved through the finite element method. The influence of physical parameters such as multiple slips, magnetic, thermal radiation, Prandtl number, stretching, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, Schmidt number, Lewis number and chemical reaction on the radial velocity, temperature, solutal concentration and nano-fluid volume fraction profile were investigated. We noted that the boundary layers increases in the presence of multiple slip effects whereas, the effect of thermal slip on Nusselt number increases with the increasing values of magnetic and thermal radiation. To verify the convergence of the numerical solution, the computations were made by reducing the mesh size. Finally, our results are parallel to previous scholarly contributions.