Synthetic and pharmacological developments in the hybrid s-triazine moiety: A review

This article summarizes the most recent advancements in the synthetic and pharmacological approaches along with the structure activity relationship towards the s-triazine and its derivatives. Much attention has been given to s-triazine core due to its facile synthesis, interesting pharmacology, high reactivity, and binding characteristics towards various enzymes. An array of biological applications has been demonstrated by s-triazines including antimalarial, anti-HIV, anti-viral, antimicrobial, anti-tuberculosis to name a few. In the present investigation s-triazine based molecular structures have been assembled in respect to their synthesis and medicinal properties. Further, the competence of s-triazine has been correlated and compared with the other heterocyclic moieties to substantiates-triazine a privileged scaffold. From the literature it is revealed that nucleophilic substitution at 2, 4, and 6 positions is significant for various biological applications. This article would help in assisting the chemists in designing novel molecular entities with high medicinal value.

Deciphering the Mechanism of MRSA Targeting Copper(II) Complexes of NN2 Pincer-Type Ligands

WHO lists AMR as one of the top ten global public health issues. Therefore, constant effort is needed to develop more efficient antimicrobial drugs. As a result, earth-abundant transition-metal complexes have emerged as an excellent solution. In this regard, new aminoquinoline-based copper(II) pincer complexes 1-3 were designed, synthesized, and characterized by modern spectroscopic techniques. It is worth mentioning that, at the highest concentration (1024 μg/mL) of complexes (1-3), the hemolysis was found to be <15%, implying their less toxicity. Further, the complexes effectively interfered with the growth of Gram positive MRSA and the fungus Candida albicans. Among them, complex 2 was promising (MIC = 16 μg/mL) against MRSA, which was better than the known antibacterial drug kanamycin (64 μg/mL) under identical conditions. The Alamar blue cell viability test and the MBC/MFC identified by spot assay were in accordance with MIC values. Moreover, the insilico studies explained the most probable mechanism of action as inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis and dysfunction of antibiotic sensing proteins. Similarly, the antifungal action might be due to the cell surface adhesion protein dysfunction by the complexes. Furthermore, we are expecting to draw these compounds for clinical applications.