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Pérez-Iglesias JM, Bach NC, Colombetti PL, Acuña P, Colman-Lerner JE, González SP, Brodeur JC, Almeida CA. Biomonitoring of Alterations in Fish That Inhabit Anthropic Aquatic Environments in a Basin from Semi-Arid Regions. TOXICS 2023; 11:73. [PMID: 36668799 PMCID: PMC9863756 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Industrial, agricultural, and urban areas can be sources of pollution and a cause of habitat fragmentation. The Conlara River located in the northeast of San Luis Province suffers different environmental pressures along its course from urban to agro-industrial areas. The present study aims to assess the water quality of the Conlara basin by evaluating how metals and pesticide contamination as well as physicochemical parameters relate to physiological stress in Jenynsia multidentata. Samplings were carried out in four sites characterized by a growing gradient of anthropic impact from the springs to the final sections of the river, starting with tourism passing through urban areas and ending with large agricultural areas (from S1 to S4) during both the dry and wet seasons. A total of 27 parameters were determined (11 physicochemical, 9 heavy metals, and 7 pesticides) in surface waters. Biomarkers (CAT, TBARS, ChE, and MN) showed significant physiological and cytological alterations in J. multidentata depending on the hydrology season. The combination of physicochemical parameters, metals, and pesticide levels allowed typification and differentiation of the sites. Some metal (Cr, Mn, Pb, and Zn) and pesticide (α-BHC, chlorpyrifos, permethrin and cypermethrin, and endosulfan α) levels recorded exceeded the recommended Argentinian legislation values. A principal component analysis (PCA) allowed detection of differences between both seasons and across sites. Furthermore, the differences in distances showed by PCA between the sites were due to differences in the presence of physicochemical parameters, metals, and pesticides correlated with several biomarkers' responses depending on type of environmental stressor. Water quality evaluation along the Conlara River shows deterioration and different types of environmental stressors, identifying zones, and specific sources of pollution. Furthermore, the biomarkers suggest that the native species could be sensitive to anthropogenic environmental pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Pérez-Iglesias
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica Ambiental (LAQUAA), Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL-CONICET), FQByF, UNSL, Ejército de Los Andes 950, San Luis D5700, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Producción, Universidad Nacional de Los Comechingones, Héroes de Malvinas S/N, Merlo, San Luis D5881, Argentina
| | - Nadia Carla Bach
- Área de Biología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia (FQByF), Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ejército de Los Andes 950, San Luis D5700, Argentina
| | - Patricia Laura Colombetti
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica Ambiental (LAQUAA), Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL-CONICET), FQByF, UNSL, Ejército de Los Andes 950, San Luis D5700, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Producción, Universidad Nacional de Los Comechingones, Héroes de Malvinas S/N, Merlo, San Luis D5881, Argentina
- Área de Biología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia (FQByF), Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ejército de Los Andes 950, San Luis D5700, Argentina
| | - Pablo Acuña
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica Ambiental (LAQUAA), Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL-CONICET), FQByF, UNSL, Ejército de Los Andes 950, San Luis D5700, Argentina
| | - Jorge Esteban Colman-Lerner
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas “Dr. Jorge J. Ronco” (CINDECA), La Plata B1900, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, (CONICET), La Plata B1900, Argentina
| | - Silvia Patricia González
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica Ambiental (LAQUAA), Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL-CONICET), FQByF, UNSL, Ejército de Los Andes 950, San Luis D5700, Argentina
| | - Julie Celine Brodeur
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Hurlingham B1686, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham B1686, Argentina
| | - Cesar Américo Almeida
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica Ambiental (LAQUAA), Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL-CONICET), FQByF, UNSL, Ejército de Los Andes 950, San Luis D5700, Argentina
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