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da Cruz KPP, Gattamorta MA, Matushima ER, Salvarani FM. Fibropapillomatosis: A Review of the Disease with Attention to the Situation Northern Coast of Brazil. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1809. [PMID: 38929428 PMCID: PMC11200417 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibropapillomatosis in sea turtles is a potentially debilitating and fatal disease for which there is still a lack of knowledge, especially for specific regions of Brazil. The diagnosis is made through the observation of clinical manifestations, and despite its association with Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) as the etiological agent, the expression of the disease may also be related to immunological and environmental factors caused by anthropic degradation of the environment. Thus, this review aims to elucidate what is known about this disease globally, and especially in various regions of Brazil, promoting a better understanding of its evolution, spatiotemporal prevalence, and relationship with human activities. Furthermore, the review explores the molecular biology of ChHV5, including its genomic structure, replication cycle, and mechanisms of pathogenesis. The role of environmental factors, such as temperature and pollution, in modulating ChHV5 infection and FP development is also discussed. Additionally, the review summarizes current diagnostic methods for detecting ChHV5 infection in sea turtles, highlighting the importance of early detection and monitoring for effective disease management and conservation efforts. Finally, the review outlines future research directions aimed at improving our understanding of ChHV5 and developing strategies for FP control and prevention in sea turtle populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eliana Reiko Matushima
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508220, SP, Brazil;
| | - Felipe Masiero Salvarani
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal 68740970, PA, Brazil;
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Gross MS, Blazer VS, Hladik ML. Pesticides in small volume plasma samples: Method development and application to smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) from the Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141347. [PMID: 38307336 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Nontarget organisms are exposed to pesticides following applications in agricultural and urban settings, potentially resulting in deleterious effects. Direct measurements of pesticides in biological tissues may aid in characterizing exposure, accumulation, and potential toxicity versus analyses in environmental media alone (e.g., water, soil, and air). Plasma represents a nonlethal sampling medium that can be used to assess recent exposures to contaminants. Herein, a method was developed to test the extraction of 210 pesticides and their transformation products in small volume plasma samples (100 μL). Plasma samples were protein precipitated with 0.5 % formic acid in acetonitrile added to the sample (ratio of 3.5:1). Pass-through solid phase extraction was used for sample matrix and lipid removal and samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography and gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Recoveries of 70.0-129.8 % were achieved for 182 pesticides and degradates across the low (25 ng mL-1), medium (100 ng mL-1), and high (250 ng mL-1) spike levels. Method detection levels ranged 0.4-13.0 ng mL-1. Following development, the method was applied to smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) plasma samples (n = 10) collected from adults in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Individual plasma samples resulted in four to seven analytes detected with summed concentrations ranging 16.4-95.0 ng mL-1. Biological multiresidue pesticide methods help elucidate recent exposures of bioactive compounds to nontarget organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Gross
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, 95819, USA
| | - Vicki S Blazer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, 95819, USA.
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Mau A, Sotomayor Rodríguez P, Picknell A, Tepedino A, Capaldo D, Fenton H, Pemberton L, Stewart KM, Dennis MM. In-nest mortality and pathology of hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) embryos and hatchlings in St. Kitts and Nevis. J Comp Pathol 2024; 209:13-21. [PMID: 38335915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Strategies to improve the hatch success and survival of critically endangered hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) require knowledge of threats to them including pathological conditions. The objective of this study was to describe the mortality and pathology of embryos and dead-in-nest hatchlings on St. Kitts and Nevis. Over the 2019/20 and 2020/21 nesting seasons, the combined mean (SD) hatch success for the two islands was 81.9% (13.2%) and deceased individuals within excavated nests were early-stage embryos (70.7%), late-stage embryos (17.7%), pipped-hatchlings (8.2%) or dead-in-nest hatchlings (3.4%). From 2017 to 2021, a post-mortem examination was performed on 183 turtles, including histology for 116. Anatomical malformations affected 77 (42.1%) examined turtles and included abnormal scute shape or number (22.4%), dysmelia (8.7%), schistosomus reflexus (7.7%) and compressed carapace (7.7%). Microscopic lesions were found in 49.1% of turtles and included tissue mineralization (26.7%, including renal, fetal membrane, liver, heart or muscle), chorioallantoitis (16.2%) and skeletal muscle degeneration and necrosis (10%). Inflammatory lesions associated with fungal or bacterial infections were in the skin (n = 3), chorioallantois (n = 4), lung (n = 3) or yolk sac (n = 1). These lesions may reflect non-specific terminal conditions but their presence in-nest helps explain some of the mortality and pathology documented in hatchlings that die during rehabilitative care. All of the gonads adequately represented for histological determination of sex were female (n = 62), supporting concern for feminization of Caribbean hawksbill turtle nests. The study identifies lesions that could affect hatch and emergence success. The high frequency of skeletal malformations indicates the need for investigations addressing regional impact and pathogenesis, especially genetic and environmental aetiologies including nest temperature. Immediate examination of live hatchlings on nest emergence is warranted to better determine the prevalence of non-fatal malformations that could impact fitness and population genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Mau
- Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystem Health, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies; Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, 944 Garrod Drive, California 95616, USA
| | - Paula Sotomayor Rodríguez
- Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystem Health, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Angela Picknell
- Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystem Health, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies; St. Kitts Sea Turtle Monitoring Network, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Alissa Tepedino
- Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystem Health, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Dominique Capaldo
- Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystem Health, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Heather Fenton
- Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystem Health, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies; Australian Registry of Wildlife Health, Taronga Zoo, Bradley's Head Road, Mosman 2088, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lemuel Pemberton
- The Nevis Turtle Group, Webbes Ground, Gingerland, Nevis, West Indies
| | - Kimberly M Stewart
- Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystem Health, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies; St. Kitts Sea Turtle Monitoring Network, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Michelle M Dennis
- Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystem Health, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies; Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
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Flores-Ramírez R, Mendoza-Rivera SP, García-Grajales J, Buenrostro-Silva A, Sanjuan-Meza EU, Berumen-Rodríguez AA, Espinosa-Reyes G. Persistent organic pollutants in the olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) during the nesting stage in the "La Escobilla" Sanctuary, Oaxaca, Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:10911-10919. [PMID: 38214861 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are chemical substances widely distributed in the environment by the runoff from anthropic activities and can be distributed and bioaccumulated or biomagnified in the environment, affecting the health of organisms. The sea turtle, Lepidochelys olivacea, is a long-lived organism, with migratory habits and feeding behaviors that allow exposure to various pollutants. This work aimed to determine long-term exposure to POPs in adult olive ridley turtles (L. olivacea), sampled during the nesting season, in "La Escobilla" Sanctuary. Blood samples were collected and processed to obtain plasma. The quantification of POPs in blood was carried out with an extraction technique with a focused ultrasound probe. Twenty-seven POP analytes were determined. The concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexane, endosulfan isomers, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, total polychlorinated biphenyls, and the total sum of POPs found in plasma are higher than those reported in other studies, which reported effects such as hematological and biochemical changes in blood, changes in immune system cells and enzymatic activity related to oxidative stress. These results are important to demonstrate the chronic exposure to POPs in olive ridley turtles in marine ecosystems and to highlight the importance of assessing the associated health risks, considering that these contaminants could be transferred to the offspring and affect future generations of this reptile. It is important to carry out studies that develop conservation strategies for the olive ridley turtle. Also, it is necessary to control the emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, as well as reduce urban, agricultural, and industrial waste in the environment and marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- Facultad de Medicina - Coordinación para la Inoovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT). Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Sagrario Paola Mendoza-Rivera
- Facultad de Medicina - Coordinación para la Inoovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT). Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Jesus García-Grajales
- Universidad del Mar Campus Puerto Escondido, Km. 2.5 Carretera Federal Puerto Escondido-Sola de Vega, 71980, San Pedro Mixtepec, Oaxaca, México
| | - Alejandra Buenrostro-Silva
- Universidad del Mar Campus Puerto Escondido, Km. 2.5 Carretera Federal Puerto Escondido-Sola de Vega, 71980, San Pedro Mixtepec, Oaxaca, México
| | - Eleno Uriel Sanjuan-Meza
- Facultad de Medicina - Coordinación para la Inoovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT). Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Alejandra Abigail Berumen-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Medicina - Coordinación para la Inoovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT). Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes
- Facultad de Medicina - Coordinación para la Inoovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT). Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México.
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Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhou C, Li W, Liu Y, Wei C, Wang Y, Hong X, Zhu X, Liu X. Assessing and Screening of Female Fertility in Artificially Bred Asian Yellow Pond Turtles ( Mauremys mutica) Based on Parentage Assignment. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:479. [PMID: 38338122 PMCID: PMC10854808 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Asian yellow pond turtle (Mauremys mutica) is widely traded in China, and its artificial breeding has now become a major industry. However, the insufficient offspring supply and reproductive decline of farmed turtles make the wild turtles more vulnerable. The present study was mainly designed to quantify the fecundity of M. mutica and attempt to screen for good reproductive performance in females. The genetic variability of the population and its genetic structure were also analysed. The parent-offspring relationships of all offspring in four consecutive years were confirmed using sixteen microsatellite loci. The genetic variability between the parents and offspring was low, and offspring of different years also showed little variability. We summarised the reproductive results of all females and counted the annual number of offspring and the variation in the number of offspring. The females were then divided into three types (stable, undulating and levelling off) according to the continuity. We selected seven females with good reproductive ability, which provided 16.94% of the annual contributions, while there were two females that had no offspring in four years. We also analysed the possible reasons for this difference and the importance of carrying out a family survey. This research can provide the basis and materials for the creation of a good reproductive group and the study of the reproductive biology of turtles in M. mutica aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Chenyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (X.H.)
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Yihui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Chengqing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Yakun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaoyou Hong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Xinping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (X.H.)
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