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Vagnoni G, Bortolotti E, Checchi S, Saieva C, Berti G, Doccioli C, Caini S. Lead (Pb) in biological samples in association with cancer risk and mortality: A systematic literature review. Cancer Epidemiol 2024:102630. [PMID: 39097499 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2024.102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal and pervasive environmental contaminant, and a class 2 A carcinogen according to the IARC classification, yet its link with cancer at several body sites remains uncertain. Here, we aimed at summarizing the scientific evidence regarding its association with cancer risk and mortality, focusing on studies that carried out Pb measurements in biological samples. METHODS We reviewed articles published in PubMed and EMBASE until January 2nd, 2024, that quantified the epidemiological association between Pb measured in blood, urine, nails, and other biological media, and cancer risk and mortality (overall and by cancer site/type). RESULTS We included 46 articles (out of 8022 screened) published in 1995-2023 and reporting on investigations conducted in fifteen countries. In terms of design, 20 were prospective, 24 were retrospective case-control studies, and 2 were cross-sectional. Pb levels were determined in blood in the majority of studies (n=28). The most consistent evidence was for the association of Pb with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the oesophagus, stomach (RR ranging from 0.80 to 2.66), colon-rectum, and pancreas; and of the bladder and urinary tract (RR from 1.10 to 2.89). For other specific malignancies, the data were conflicting or too limited to draw reliable conclusions. Finally, increased Pb concentration in blood and urine was consistently associated with higher overall cancer incidence and mortality. CONCLUSIONS Lead is a widespread and highly persistent environmental pollutant associated with cancer at multiple body sites. Comprehensive primary prevention interventions aiming at reducing opportunities for Pb exposure need to be continuously promoted and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vagnoni
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Emma Bortolotti
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Saverio Checchi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Postgraduate School in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Calogero Saieva
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Berti
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Doccioli
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Saverio Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy.
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Correa-Abril J, Stahl U, Cabrera EV, Parra YJ, Vega MA, Taamalli S, Louis F, Rodríguez-Díaz JM. Adsorption dynamics of Cd 2+(aq) on microwave-synthetized pristine biochar from cocoa pod husk: Green, experimental, and DFT approaches. iScience 2024; 27:109958. [PMID: 38840843 PMCID: PMC11152673 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Biochar obtained via microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) at 720 W and 15 min from cocoa pod husk (CPH) is an efficient adsorbent of Cd2+(aq). Biochar of residual biomass of CPH (BCCPH) possesses favorable physicochemical and morphological properties, featuring a modest surface area yet a suitable porous structure. Adsorption, predominantly governed by physisorption, is influenced by the oxygen-containing active sites (-COOR, -C(R)O, and -CH2OR; R = H, alkyl). CdCO3 formation occurs during adsorption. Experimental data were well-fitted into various kinetic models for a broad understanding of the sorption process. Langmuir model indicates a maximum adsorption capacity of 14.694 mg/g. The thermodynamic study confirms the spontaneous and endothermic sorption. Studies at the molecular level have revealed that the Cd2+ ion tends to bind to surface aromatic carbon atoms. This sustainable approach produces BCCPH via MAP as a solution for waste transformation into water-cleaning materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonny Correa-Abril
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Grupo de Investigación en Moléculas y Materiales Funcionales (MoléMater), Enrique Ritter s/n y Bolivia, Quito, Pichincha 170521, Ecuador
- Facultad de Posgrado, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Av. Urbina y Che Guevara, Portoviejo, Manabí 130104, Ecuador
| | - Ullrich Stahl
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Grupo de Investigación en Moléculas y Materiales Funcionales (MoléMater), Enrique Ritter s/n y Bolivia, Quito, Pichincha 170521, Ecuador
| | - Elvia V. Cabrera
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Grupo de Investigación en Moléculas y Materiales Funcionales (MoléMater), Enrique Ritter s/n y Bolivia, Quito, Pichincha 170521, Ecuador
| | - Yonathan J. Parra
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ingeniería en Geología, Minas, Petróleos y Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación en Moléculas y Materiales Funcionales (MoléMater), Jerónimo Leyton y Gilberto Gatto Sobral, Quito, Pichincha 170521, Ecuador
| | - Michael A. Vega
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Grupo de Investigación en Moléculas y Materiales Funcionales (MoléMater), Enrique Ritter s/n y Bolivia, Quito, Pichincha 170521, Ecuador
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ingeniería en Geología, Minas, Petróleos y Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación en Moléculas y Materiales Funcionales (MoléMater), Jerónimo Leyton y Gilberto Gatto Sobral, Quito, Pichincha 170521, Ecuador
| | - Sonia Taamalli
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522, PhysicoChimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère – PC2A, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Florent Louis
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522, PhysicoChimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère – PC2A, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Av. Urbina y Che Guevara, Portoviejo, Manabí 130104, Ecuador
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Di D, Zhang R, Zhou H, Wei M, Cui Y, Zhang J, Yuan T, Liu Q, Zhou T, Liu J, Wang Q. Exposure to phenols, chlorophenol pesticides, phthalate and PAHs and mortality risk: A prospective study based on 6 rounds of NHANES. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138650. [PMID: 37037349 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human exposure to various endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is widespread and long-lasting. The primary objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the association of combined exposure of phenols, chlorophenol pesticides, phthalate and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and mortality risk in a representative US population. METHODS The data on urinary levels of phenols, chlorophenol pesticides, phthalates, and PAH metabolites, were collected from participants aged ≥20 years in six rounds of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2003-2014). NHANES-linked death records up to December 31, 2015 were used to ascertain mortality status and cause of death. Cox proportional hazards and competing risk models were mainly used for chemical and mortality risk association analysis. The weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression were employed to estimate the association between EDC co-exposure and mortality risk. RESULTS High levels of mono-n-butyl phthalate, monobenzyl phthalate, and 1-napthol were significantly associated with increased risk of all cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality among all participants. WQS index was associated with the risks of all-cause (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.389, 95%CI: 1.155-1.669) and CVD mortality (HR = 1.925, 95%CI: 1.152-3.216). High co-exposure scores were associated with elevated all-cause (HR = 2.842, 95% CI: 1.2.094-3.858), CVD (HR = 1.855, 95% CI: 1.525-2.255), and cancer mortality risks (HR = 2.961, 95% CI: 1.468-5.972). The results of subgroup analysis, competing risk model, and sensitivity analysis were generally consistent with the findings from the main analyses, indicating the robustness of our findings. CONCLUSIONS This study provided the first epidemiological evidence that co-exposure to EDC at fairly low levels contributed to elevated mortality risk among US adults. The underlying mechanisms for the effects of EDC co-exposure on human health are worthy of future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Di
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Haolong Zhou
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Muhong Wei
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tingting Yuan
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qian Liu
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Junan Liu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Michalczyk K, Kupnicka P, Witczak G, Tousty P, Bosiacki M, Kurzawski M, Chlubek D, Cymbaluk-Płoska A. Assessment of Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) Blood Concentration on the Risk of Endometrial Cancer. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050717. [PMID: 37237530 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are heavy metals with carcinogenic potential. Their increased concentration has been correlated with a risk of malignancies, including breast, lung, kidney, gastrointestinal, and gynecological cancers. Most of the studies have evaluated tissue heavy metal concentration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate blood Cd and lead levels in different uterine pathologies and the risk of endometrial cancer. METHODS This study included 110 patients with a histopathological diagnosis of endometrial cancer, endometrial polyps, endometrial hyperplasia, uterine myoma, and normal endometrium. The patients included in the study were assessed in terms of their endometrial cancer risk factors and blood heavy metal levels. The analysis was conducted using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the Cd and Cd/Pb ratio among the different groups of patients (p = 0.002), with higher a median Cd concentration among the endometrial cancer patients. The differences in Pb concentration were not significant (p = 0.717). There were also no differences in the Cd and Pb concentrations based on the patients' menopausal status nor BMI index. The univariate logistic regression showed a blood cadmium concentration above the median to be associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer (OR = 5.25; 95% CI 1.56, 17.72). No significant associations were observed between the Pb concentration or Cd/Pb ratio and endometrial cancer risk. CONCLUSION The concentration of Cd varies in patients diagnosed with different uterine pathologies. Increased blood cadmium concentration seems to be a risk factor for endometrial studies. Further research on greater populations, accounting for environmental and lifestyle heavy metal exposure, is required to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Michalczyk
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Witczak
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Tousty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kurzawski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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