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Tovar-Lopez FJ. Recent Progress in Micro- and Nanotechnology-Enabled Sensors for Biomedical and Environmental Challenges. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5406. [PMID: 37420577 DOI: 10.3390/s23125406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nanotechnology-enabled sensors have made remarkable advancements in the fields of biomedicine and the environment, enabling the sensitive and selective detection and quantification of diverse analytes. In biomedicine, these sensors have facilitated disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and point-of-care devices. In environmental monitoring, they have played a crucial role in assessing air, water, and soil quality, as well as ensured food safety. Despite notable progress, numerous challenges persist. This review article addresses recent developments in micro- and nanotechnology-enabled sensors for biomedical and environmental challenges, focusing on enhancing basic sensing techniques through micro/nanotechnology. Additionally, it explores the applications of these sensors in addressing current challenges in both biomedical and environmental domains. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to expand the detection capabilities of sensors/devices, enhance sensitivity and selectivity, integrate wireless communication and energy-harvesting technologies, and optimize sample preparation, material selection, and automated components for sensor design, fabrication, and characterization.
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Microwave Sensors for In Situ Monitoring of Trace Metals in Polluted Water. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21093147. [PMID: 34062849 PMCID: PMC8125159 DOI: 10.3390/s21093147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thousands of pollutants are threatening our water supply, putting at risk human and environmental health. Between them, trace metals are of significant concern, due to their high toxicity at low concentrations. Abandoned mining areas are globally one of the major sources of toxic metals. Nowadays, no method can guarantee an immediate response for quantifying these pollutants. In this work, a novel technique based on microwave spectroscopy and planar sensors for in situ real-time monitoring of water quality is described. The sensors were developed to directly probe water samples, and in situ trial measurements were performed in freshwater in four polluted mining areas in the UK. Planar microwave sensors were able to detect the water pollution level with an immediate response specifically depicted at three resonant peaks in the GHz range. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first time that planar microwave sensors were tested in situ, demonstrating the ability to use this method for classifying more and less polluted water using a multiple-peak approach.
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Yaroshenko I, Kirsanov D, Marjanovic M, Lieberzeit PA, Korostynska O, Mason A, Frau I, Legin A. Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring with Chemical Sensors. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20123432. [PMID: 32560552 PMCID: PMC7349867 DOI: 10.3390/s20123432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Water quality is one of the most critical indicators of environmental pollution and it affects all of us. Water contamination can be accidental or intentional and the consequences are drastic unless the appropriate measures are adopted on the spot. This review provides a critical assessment of the applicability of various technologies for real-time water quality monitoring, focusing on those that have been reportedly tested in real-life scenarios. Specifically, the performance of sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers is evaluated in detail, also giving insights into their principle of operation, stability in real on-site applications and mass production options. Such characteristics as sensing range and limit of detection are given for the most promising systems, that were verified outside of laboratory conditions. Then, novel trends of using microwave spectroscopy and chemical materials integration for achieving a higher sensitivity to and selectivity of pollutants in water are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Yaroshenko
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Mendeleev Center, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.Y.); (A.L.)
| | - Dmitry Kirsanov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Mendeleev Center, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.Y.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-921-333-1246
| | - Monika Marjanovic
- Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.M.); (P.A.L.)
| | - Peter A. Lieberzeit
- Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.M.); (P.A.L.)
| | - Olga Korostynska
- Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0166 Oslo, Norway;
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway;
| | - Alex Mason
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway;
- Animalia AS, Norwegian Meat and Poultry Research Centre, P.O. Box 396, 0513 Økern, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Ilaria Frau
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Andrey Legin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Mendeleev Center, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.Y.); (A.L.)
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