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Lei Z, Wang H, Zhai Y, Sun M, Chen S, Yin P, Wang X. Insights into the mediation of Ca 2+ signaling in the promoting effects of LETX-VI on the synthesis and release of dopamine. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00783-6. [PMID: 37702818 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00783-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Latroeggtoxin-VI (LETX-VI) is an active protein and was previously demonstrated to have effects on the synthesis and release of dopamine. Hererin, the involvement of Ca2+ signaling in the effects of LETX-VI on dopamine was systematically investigated, using PC12 cells as a neuron model. LETX-VI was shown to promote dopamine release from PC12 cells both in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca2+; however the presence of extracellular Ca2+ was favorable for enhancing the promoting effects of LETX-VI on dopamine, because LETX-VI facilitated the influx of extracellular Ca2+ through the L-type calcium channels in plasma membrane (PM) to increase cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. LETX-VI was able to penetrate the PM of PC12 cells to act on the Ca2+ channel proteins IP3Rs and RyRs in the endoplasm reticulum (ER) membrane, opening the Ca2+ channels and promoting the release of ER Ca2+ to elevate cytosolic Ca2+ level. With the help of intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA, the elevated cytosolic Ca2+ level was proven to play crucial role for the enhanced promoting effects of LETX-VI on dopamine. Taken together, LETX-VI is able to open the Ca2+ channels in both PM and ER membrane simultaneously to facilitate extracellular Ca2+ influx and ER Ca2+ release, and thus increases the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration to enhance the promoting effects on the synthesis and release of dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yiwen Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Minglu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Si Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Panfeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Xianchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
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Yu D, Wang H, Lei Z, Zhai Y, Chen S, Sun M, Yin P, Wang X. Analysis of differentially expressed genes discovers Latroeggtoxin VI-induced changes and SYNJ1 as a main target in PC12 cells. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:517. [PMID: 37667188 PMCID: PMC10478359 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09634-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous preliminary work found that Latroeggtoxin-VI (LETX-VI), a proteinaceous neurotoxin from the eggs of spider Latrodectus tredecimguttatus, could promote the synthesis and release of dopamine in PC12 cells. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully clear. Here, the effects of LETX-VI on the gene expression profile and dopamine in PC12 cells were analyzed with the differential transcriptome-based strategies. RESULTS After treatment of PC12 cells with LETX-VI for 24 h, a total of 356 differentially expressed transcripts were identified. Of them 165 were up-regulated and 191 down-regulated. Relevant GO analysis indicated that LETX-VI modulated the expression of certain genes and thereby affected multiple biological processes in PC12 cells, including protein metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, substance transport, signaling, neurotransmitter metabolism and release. When western blot analysis was employed to confirm the abundance levels of synaptojanin 1 and synuclein alpha interacting protein, the representatives of highly up- and down-regulated transcript-encoded proteins that are closely related with dopamine respectively, it was found that the level of synaptojanin 1 in the PC12 cells treated with LETX-VI was increased, whereas that of synuclein alpha interacting protein was not obviously altered, suggesting that synaptojanin 1 may be much more involved in the effects of LETX-VI on dopamine. After synaptojanin 1 level was knocked down using siRNA, the levels of both total and released dopamine were significantly decreased, indicating that synaptojanin 1 is a protein positively modulating the synthesis and secretion of dopamine. When the PC12 cells with knocked down synaptojanin 1 were treated by LETX-VI, the adverse effects of synaptojanin 1 knockdown on dopamine were attenuated, confirming that LETX-VI promotes the synthesis and secretion of dopamine at least partially by enhancing the expression of the gene SYNJ1 encoding synaptojanin 1. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that LETX-VI exerts multiple regulatory effects on the cellular processes in PC12 cells by altering the gene expression profile. LETX-VI modulates the expression of the genes closely related to the synthesis, transport and release of neurotransmitters especially dopamine in PC12 cells, with the gene SYNJ1 encoding synaptojanin 1 as a main target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianmei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Zhixiang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yiwen Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Si Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Minglu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Panfeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Xianchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
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Wu W, Yin Y, Feng P, Chen G, Pan L, Gu P, Zhou S, Lin F, Ji S, Zheng C, Deng M. Spider venom-derived peptide JZTX-14 prevents migration and invasion of breast cancer cells via inhibition of sodium channels. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1067665. [PMID: 37033662 PMCID: PMC10076671 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1067665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nav1.5 channel is crucial for the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effect of JZTX-14, a natural peptide considered an effective antagonist of Nav1.5. First, we successfully isolated and purified the 31 amino acid peptide JZTX-14 containing three pairs of disulfide bonds from spider venom and synthesised JZTX-14 by solid phase synthesis. We then predicted their physiochemical properties and structures in the peptide database. Further, we investigated the effects of natural and synthetic JZTX-14 on the proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells via modulation of sodium current through the Nav1.5 channel. The results showed that both synthetic and natural JZTX-14 inhibited Nav1.5 currents, indicating the successful synthesis of JZTX-14. However, JZTX-14 did not affect MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation but inhibited its migration. Transcriptome analysis revealed that JZTX-14 downregulated S100A4 and FBXO2 and upregulated SERPINB2 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated an increased level of the epithelial marker, E-cadherin, and decreased levels of the mesenchymal markers, N-cadherin and vimentin, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP2), indicating the possible underlying mechanism of the inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cell migration by JZTX-14. This study provides a new target for inhibiting breast cancer metastasis and identifies a potent natural peptide for treating Triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peihao Feng
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liangyu Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Panyang Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siqin Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fulong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyu Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - Meichun Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Meichun Deng,
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Tang X, Yu D, Wang H, Lei Z, Zhai Y, Sun M, Chen S, Wang Y, Liu Z, Hu W, Wang X. Synaptotagmin 1-mediated cell membrane penetration and dopamine release enhancement by latroeggtoxin-VI. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:906-915. [PMID: 35914553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Latroeggtoxin-VI (LETX-VI), a proteinaceous neurotoxin mined from the egg transcriptome of spider L. tredecimguttatus, was previously found to promote the release of dopamine from PC12 cells. However, the relevant molecular mechanism has not been fully clear. Here LETX-VI was demonstrated to rapidly penetrate the plasma membrane of PC12 cells via the vesicle exocytosis/endocytosis cycle, during which vesicular transmembrane protein synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1) functions as a receptor, with its vesicle luminal domain interacting with the C-terminal region of LETX-VI. The C-terminal sequence of LETX-VI is the functional region for both entering cells and promoting dopamine release. After gaining entry into the PC12 cells, LETX-VI down-regulated the phosphorylation levels of Syt1 at T201 and T195, thereby facilitating vesicle fusion with plasma membrane and thus promoting dopamine release. The relevant mechanism analysis indicated that LETX-VI has a protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activator activity. The present work has not only probed into the Syt1-mediated action mechanism of LETX-VI, but also revealed the structure-function relationship of the toxin, thus suggesting its potential applications in the drug transmembrane delivery and treatment of the diseases related to dopamine release and PP2A activity deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Dianmei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Zhixiang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yiwen Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Minglu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Si Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Weijun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Xianchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
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Caruso MB, Lauria PSS, de Souza CMV, Casais-E-Silva LL, Zingali RB. Widow spiders in the New World: a review on Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805 (Theridiidae) and latrodectism in the Americas. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2021; 27:e20210011. [PMID: 34745240 PMCID: PMC8553018 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2021-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Humankind has always been fascinated by venomous animals, as their toxic substances have transformed them into symbols of power and mystery. Over the centuries, researchers have been trying to understand animal venoms, unveiling intricate mixtures of molecules and their biological effects. Among venomous animals, Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805 (widow spiders) have become feared in many cultures worldwide due to their extremely neurotoxic venom. The Latrodectus genus encompasses 32 species broadly spread around the globe, 14 of which occur in the Americas. Despite the high number of species found in the New World, the knowledge on these spiders is still scarce. This review covers the general knowledge on Latrodectus spp. from the Americas. We address widow spiders' taxonomy; geographical distribution and epidemiology; symptoms and treatments of envenomation (latrodectism); venom collection, experimental studies, proteome and transcriptome; and biotechnological studies on these Latrodectus spp. Moreover, we discuss the main challenges and limitations faced by researchers when trying to comprehend this neglected group of medically important spiders. We expect this review to help overcome the lack of information regarding widow spiders in the New World.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolly Brigido Caruso
- Laboratory of Hemostasis and Venoms, Leopoldo de Meis Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro Santana Sales Lauria
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Lyra Casais-E-Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunoendocrinology and Toxinology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Russolina Benedeta Zingali
- Laboratory of Hemostasis and Venoms, Leopoldo de Meis Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Tang X, Yu D, Wang H, Meng W, Lei Z, Zhai Y, Wang Y, Wang X. Biochemical and cytotoxic evaluation of latroeggtoxin-VI against PC12 cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22825. [PMID: 34047418 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Latroeggtoxin-VI (LETX-VI) is a peptide neurotoxin discovered from Latrodectus tredecimguttatus eggs. In the current study, the action features of the neurotoxin on PC12 cells were systematically investigated. LETX-VI could promote dopamine release from PC12 cells in the absence and presence of Ca2+, involving an even more complex action mechanism in the presence of Ca2+ and when the treatment time was longer. Although LETX-VI enchanced the autophagy and secretion activity in PC 12 cells, it showed no remarkable influence on the proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and ultrastructure of the cells. Pulldown combined with CapLC-MS/MS analysis suggested that LETX-VI affected PC12 cells by interacting with multiple proteins involved in the metabolism, transport, and release of neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine. The low cytotoxicity and effective regulatory action of LETX-VI on PC12 cells suggest the potential of the active peptide in the development of drugs for the treatment of some dopamine-related psychotic diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dianmei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenwen Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhixiang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiwen Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xianchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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