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Wang N, Mark N, Launer N, Hirtler A, Weston C, Cleckner L, Faehndrich C, LaGorga L, Xia L, Pyrek D, Penningroth SM, Richardson RE. Harmful algal blooms in Cayuga lake, NY: From microbiome analysis to eDNA monitoring. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120128. [PMID: 38382427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The global increase in harmful algal blooms (HABs) has become a growing concern over the years, and New York State (NYS) is no exception. The Finger Lakes region in NYS has been identified as a hotspot for HABs, with Cayuga Lake having the highest number of blooms reported. The Cayuga Lake HABs Monitoring Program has been tracking cHABs (dominant bloom taxa, chlorophyll A, and microcystin levels) since 2018. However, limited research has been conducted on the microbiome of HABs in this region. In this study, the microbiome of HABs in the Cayuga Lake was surveyed and compared with non-HAB baseline samples. Using 16S rDNA community analysis, common bloom-forming cyanobacteria, were identified, with Microcystis being the dominant taxa in high toxin blooms. Further, this study evaluated the ability of Microcystis mcyA qPCR to detect elevated levels of potential toxigenic Microcystis in water samples using both benchtop and handheld qPCR devices. The results showed good performance of the qPCR assay as a screening for high toxin versus low/no toxin blooms. Additionally, the handheld qPCR device holds potential for in-field rapid (<1 h) screenings for high toxin blooms. This study provides insights into the microbiome of HABs in Cayuga Lake and offers a potential tool for rapid screening of high toxin blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Noah Mark
- Community Science Institute, New York State Department of Health-Environmental Laboratory Approval Program ID 11790, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Nathaniel Launer
- Community Science Institute, New York State Department of Health-Environmental Laboratory Approval Program ID 11790, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Adrianna Hirtler
- Community Science Institute, New York State Department of Health-Environmental Laboratory Approval Program ID 11790, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Claire Weston
- Community Science Institute, New York State Department of Health-Environmental Laboratory Approval Program ID 11790, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Lisa Cleckner
- Finger Lakes Institute, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Chloe Faehndrich
- Skidmore College, Environmental Studies and Sciences Program, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Lydia LaGorga
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lingzi Xia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Daniel Pyrek
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Stephen M Penningroth
- Community Science Institute, New York State Department of Health-Environmental Laboratory Approval Program ID 11790, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Ruth E Richardson
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Pan L, Huang JJ, Chen J, He X, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang B. Trace determination of multiple hydrophilic cyanotoxins in freshwater by off- and on-line solid phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158545. [PMID: 36075415 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic cyanotoxins (HCTs), such as paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), anatoxin-a (ATX-a), and cylindrospermopsin (CYN) are highly toxic and toxin-producing algae are widely distributed worldwide. However, HCTs, especially PSTs, are rarely reported in freshwater due to analytical limitations. This may result in an underestimation of the ecological risks and health risks. This study developed a new method to detect ATX-a, CYN, and thirteen common PSTs in freshwater simultaneously by using off-line solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The limits of detection (LODs) of all targets were lower than 0.05 μg/L, which could meet the regulatory requirements for monitoring of HCTs in drinking water in different countries and regions. To improve the detection sensitivities for trace PSTs, a method based on off-line SPE and on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS was established with LOD around 0.001 μg/L. GTX1&4, GTX2&3, and GTX5 were detected in freshwater in China for the first time, highlighting that overall communities are facing potential risks of exposure to various PSTs in China. High concentrations of ATX-a and CYN were also detected in freshwater from Northern China. The proposed method helps to understand the pollution status of HCT in water bodies, especially during the non-algal bloom period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sino-Canada Joint R&D Centre for Water and Environmental Safety, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Jinhui Jeanne Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sino-Canada Joint R&D Centre for Water and Environmental Safety, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Junhui Chen
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xiuping He
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Yuning Wang
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Jiuming Wang
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Baodong Wang
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
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Cevallos-Cedeño RE, Quiñones-Reyes G, Agulló C, Abad-Somovilla A, Abad-Fuentes A, Mercader JV. Rapid Immunochemical Methods for Anatoxin-a Monitoring in Environmental Water Samples. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10857-10864. [PMID: 35853613 PMCID: PMC9352146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Algal blooms that contaminate freshwater resources with
cyanotoxins
constitute, nowadays, a global concern. To deal with this problem,
a variety of analytical methods, including immunochemical assays,
are available for the main algal toxins, for example, microcystins,
nodularins, and saxitoxins, with the remarkable exception of anatoxin-a.
Now, for the first time, highly sensitive, enantioselective immunoassays
for anatoxin-a have been validated using homemade monoclonal antibodies.
Two competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were developed
in different formats, with detection limits for (+)-anatoxin-a of
0.1 ng/mL. Excellent recovery values between 82 and 117%, and coefficients
of variation below 20%, were observed using environmental water samples
fortified between 0.5 and 500 ng/mL. In addition, a lateral-flow immunochromatographic
assay was optimized for visual and instrumental reading of results.
This test showed a visual detection limit for (+)-anatoxin-a of 4
ng/mL. Performance with a reader was validated in accordance with
the European guidelines for semiquantitative rapid methods for small
chemical contaminants. Thus, at a screening target concentration of
2 ng/mL, the probability of a blank sample to be classified as “suspect”
was as low as 0.2%. Finally, the optimized direct enzyme immunoassay
was validated by comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem
mass spectroscopy data and showed a good correlation (r = 0.995) with a slope of 0.94. Moreover, environmental water samples
containing more than 2 ng/mL of anatoxin-a were detected by the developed
dipstick assay. These results provide supplementary and complementary
strategies for monitoring the presence of anatoxin-a in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón E Cevallos-Cedeño
- Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Scientific Research Council (CSIC), Av. Agustí Escardino 7, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Quiñones-Reyes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Doctor Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Agulló
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Doctor Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Abad-Somovilla
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Doctor Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Abad-Fuentes
- Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Scientific Research Council (CSIC), Av. Agustí Escardino 7, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Josep V Mercader
- Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Scientific Research Council (CSIC), Av. Agustí Escardino 7, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Harmful algal blooms can have deleterious effects on animal and human health as well as the environment and are anticipated to become more frequent and intensified in the future because of climate change. Veterinarians are well positioned to diagnose and treat animals affected by HABs and to educate livestock owners and the public about health risks and environmental issues associated with those toxic events. Pets, livestock, wildlife, and marine life can all be affected by HABs. Information about HABs is becoming increasingly assessable as a result of ongoing research into the structure, properties, toxic mechanisms, and geographic distribution of toxins found in HABs. The AVMA's multi-entity working group on HABs is comprised of members from the Aquatic Veterinary Medicine Committee, Committee on Environmental Issues, and Council on Public Health and is working to make more information and resources regarding HABs available to practicing veterinarians. The present article is the first of those resources and provides a review of HABs, with a focus on livestock. It includes background material about bloom formation, appearance, and persistence as well as descriptions of clinical observations from early field cases and more recent information about the causative organisms and toxins to provide livestock veterinarians a foundation for understanding HABs. Reporting of HABs and prevention and mitigation strategies for livestock owners are also discussed.
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Roles of Nutrient Limitation on Western Lake Erie CyanoHAB Toxin Production. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13010047. [PMID: 33435505 PMCID: PMC7828104 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom (CyanoHAB) proliferation is a global problem impacting ecosystem and human health. Western Lake Erie (WLE) typically endures two highly toxic CyanoHABs during summer: a Microcystis spp. bloom in Maumee Bay that extends throughout the western basin, and a Planktothrix spp. bloom in Sandusky Bay. Recently, the USA and Canada agreed to a 40% phosphorus (P) load reduction to lessen the severity of the WLE blooms. To investigate phosphorus and nitrogen (N) limitation of biomass and toxin production in WLE CyanoHABs, we conducted in situ nutrient addition and 40% dilution microcosm bioassays in June and August 2019. During the June Sandusky Bay bloom, biomass production as well as hepatotoxic microcystin and neurotoxic anatoxin production were N and P co-limited with microcystin production becoming nutrient deplete under 40% dilution. During August, the Maumee Bay bloom produced microcystin under nutrient repletion with slight induced P limitation under 40% dilution, and the Sandusky Bay bloom produced anatoxin under N limitation in both dilution treatments. The results demonstrate the importance of nutrient limitation effects on microcystin and anatoxin production. To properly combat cyanotoxin and cyanobacterial biomass production in WLE, both N and P reduction efforts should be implemented in its watershed.
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