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Toutounchi NS, Braber S, Land BV, Thijssen S, Garssen J, Folkerts G, Hogenkamp A. Deoxynivalenol exposure during pregnancy has adverse effects on placental structure and immunity in mice model. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 112:109-118. [PMID: 35840118 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a highly prevalent food contaminant, is known to induce reproductive and immunotoxicity in humans upon exposure. The present study focused on the consequences of exposure to DON during pregnancy for placental barrier and immune function, as well as fetal survival. Female mice received diets contaminated with DON (6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg of diet), starting immediately after mating until the end of the experiment. On day 17 of pregnancy the animals were killed, and maternal and fetal samples were collected for further analysis. Feeding on DON-contaminated diets decreased fetal survival, and DON was detected at significant levels in the fetus. Placentae from DON-exposed mice revealed a reduction in expression of junctional proteins, ZO-1, E-cadherin and claudins, upregulation of AHR mRNA expressions, and increase in IFN-ꝩ, IL-6 and IL-4 production. In conclusion, results of this study demonstrate harmful effects of DON on the course of pregnancy and fetal survival, which might be due to immunological changes in maternal immune organs and placenta. Altogether, these data underline the importance of the quality of maternal diet during pregnancy as they clearly demonstrate the potential harmful effects of a commonly present food-contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negisa Seyed Toutounchi
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Belinda Van't Land
- Department of Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Suzan Thijssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid Hogenkamp
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Seyed Toutounchi N, Braber S, van’t Land B, Thijssen S, Garssen J, Kraneveld AD, Folkerts G, Hogenkamp A. Exposure to Deoxynivalenol During Pregnancy and Lactation Enhances Food Allergy and Reduces Vaccine Responsiveness in the Offspring in a Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2021; 12:797152. [PMID: 34975906 PMCID: PMC8718709 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.797152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a highly prevalent contaminant of grain-based products, is known to induce reproductive- and immunotoxicities. Considering the importance of immune development in early life, the present study investigated the effects of perinatal DON exposure on allergy development and vaccine responsiveness in the offspring. Pregnant mice received control or DON-contaminated diets (12.5 mg/kg diet) during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, female offspring were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) by oral administration of OVA with cholera toxin (CT). Male offspring were injected with Influvac vaccine. OVA-specific acute allergic skin response (ASR) in females and vaccine-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in males were measured upon intradermal antigen challenge. Immune cell populations in spleen and antigen-specific plasma immunoglobulins were analyzed. In female CT+OVA-sensitized offspring of DON-exposed mothers ASR and OVA-specific plasma immunoglobulins were significantly higher, compared to the female offspring of control mothers. In vaccinated male offspring of DON-exposed mothers DTH and vaccine-specific antibody levels were significantly lower, compared to the male offspring of control mothers. In both models a significant reduction in regulatory T cells, Tbet+ Th1 cells and Th1-related cytokine production of the offspring of DON-exposed mothers was observed. In conclusion, early life dietary exposure to DON can adversely influence immune development in the offspring. Consequently, the immune system of the offspring may be skewed towards an imbalanced state, resulting in an increased allergic immune response to food allergens and a decreased immune response to vaccination against influenza virus in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negisa Seyed Toutounchi
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Belinda van’t Land
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Suzan Thijssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aletta D. Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Astrid Hogenkamp
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Maidana LG, Gerez J, Hohmann MNS, Verri WA, Bracarense APFL. Lactobacillus plantarum metabolites reduce deoxynivalenol toxicity on jejunal explants of piglets. Toxicon 2021; 203:12-21. [PMID: 34600911 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The deterioration of food and feed stuffs and toxic intestinal effects due to fungal colonization and concomitant production of mycotoxins is an increasing concern. The development of fungi resistance to many commonly used chemical preservatives adds further alarm. Therefore, effective detoxification methods would be useful in counteracting this problem. Biotransformation/adsorption of mycotoxins by lactic acid bacteria and their metabolites is a promising approach to minimize the deleterious effects of mycotoxins. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of Lactobacillus plantarum metabolites in reducing deoxynivalenol intestinal toxicity. To achieve this aim, histological, morphometrical and oxidative stress analyses were performed in the intestinal mucosa of piglets exposed to deoxynivalenol alone or associated with two strains (SN1 and SN2) of L. plantarum subsp. plantarum metabolites. Metabolites were obtained after dichloromethane (D) or ethyl acetate (A) extraction. Jejunal explants were exposed to the following treatments for 2 and 4 h a) culture medium (control group); b) deoxynivalenol (DON, 10 μM); c) L. plantarum metabolites DSN1; d) L. plantarum metabolites DSN1+DON; e) L. plantarum metabolites DSN2; f) L. plantarum metabolites DSN2+DON; g) L. plantarum metabolites ASN1; h) L. plantarum metabolites ASN1+DON; i) L. plantarum metabolites ASN2; j) L. plantarum metabolites ASN2+DON. The metabolites were incubated 1 h previously to DON challenge (one and 3 h of exposure). Histological assessment showed DON-treated explants with villi fusion and atrophy, multifocal apical necrosis and cuboid or flattened enterocytes with 2 and 4 h of exposure, while LP metabolites groups individually or associated with DON remained like control. The density of goblet cells in villi and crypts was reduced in DON explants compared to control group with 2 and 4 h of exposure; on the other hand, a significant increase in this parameter was achieved in LP metabolites groups compared to DON. Morphometric evaluation showed no difference in villi height or crypts depth in any treated explants. Overall, oxidative stress response assessments showed that explants exposed to SN1 extracted with dichloromethane and ethyl acetate, and SN2 extracted with dichloromethane reduced superoxide anion production. In conclusion, L. plantarum metabolites induced beneficial effects in intestinal mucosa, reducing the toxic effects of DON on intestinal morphology and oxidative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Maidana
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - J Gerez
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - M N S Hohmann
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - W A Verri
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - A P F L Bracarense
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.
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High-resolution mass spectrometry for the determination of mycotoxins in biological samples. A review. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Trevisi P, Luise D, Spinelli E, Correa F, De Leo E, Trambajolo G, Diegoli G, Bosi P. Transfer of Mycotoxins from Lactation Feed to Colostrum of Sows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122253. [PMID: 33266144 PMCID: PMC7761246 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies regarding the transfer of mycotoxins from sow feed to colostrum are scarce. A sample of in-house produced lactation feed and one of colostrum were collected from two or three sows per farm (total 49) from 19 farms. The feed contents of aflatoxins (AFs), fumonisins (FUs), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) were assessed using ELISA and confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), The values were very low (10, 12, 17 and 2 positive samples for AFs, FUs, DON and ZEA, respectively), except for two samples (one AF, one DON). Based on feed values, colostrum samples from 13 farms were tested for at least one mycotoxin (Total 35). Aflatoxins were not found in any sample. A signal for FUs was observed in 5 of 11 colostra, despite low feed values; DON was frequently present in the colostrum (10/14). On the farm where the feed exceeded the DON suggested limits, a higher colostrum content was seen, 10.9 µg/kg, approximately 1/69 of the value showing toxicity in young pigs. The absence of reference values for neonate pigs, and the risk of higher and longer ingestion of DON by sows suggested considering routine checks of sow feed; more research on DON transfer and toxicity in piglets is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (P.T.); (D.L.); (E.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Diana Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (P.T.); (D.L.); (E.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Elisa Spinelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (P.T.); (D.L.); (E.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Federico Correa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (P.T.); (D.L.); (E.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Elena De Leo
- LAEMMEGROUP s.r.l., Via Vittime del Vajont 18, 10024 Moncalieri, Torino, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Trambajolo
- Collective Prevention and Public Health Service, Veterinary Health and Food Hygiene Area, Regione Emilia—Romagna, Viale A. Moro 21, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (G.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Diegoli
- Collective Prevention and Public Health Service, Veterinary Health and Food Hygiene Area, Regione Emilia—Romagna, Viale A. Moro 21, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (G.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Paolo Bosi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (P.T.); (D.L.); (E.S.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
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