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Soleimani A, Alizadeh H. Unlocking the potential of Extensin Signal peptide and Elastin-like polypeptide tag fused to Shigella dysenteriae's IpaDSTxB to improve protein expression and purification in Nicotiana tabacum and Medicagosativa. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 222:106521. [PMID: 38852714 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Plants are often seen as a potent tool in the recombinant protein production industry. However, unlike bacterial expression, it is not a popular method due to the low yield and difficulty of protein extraction and purification. Therefore, developing a new high efficient and easy to purify platform is crucial. One of the best approaches to make extraction easier is to utilize the Extensin Signal peptide (EXT) to translocate the recombinant protein to the outside of the cell, along with incorporating an Elastin-like polypeptide tag (ELP) to enhance purification and accumulation rates. In this research, we transiently expressed Shigella dysenteriae's IpaDSTxB fused to both NtEXT and ELP in both Nicotiana tabacum and Medicago sativa. Our results demonstrated that N. tabacum, with an average yield of 6.39 ng/μg TSP, outperforms M. sativa, which had an average yield of 3.58 ng/μg TSP. On the other hand, analyzing NtEXT signal peptide indicated that merging EXT to the constructs facilitates translocation of IpaDSTxB to the apoplast by 78.4% and 65.9% in N. tabacum and M. sativa, respectively. Conversely, the mean level for constructs without EXT was below 25% for both plants. Furthermore, investigation into the orientation of ELP showed that merging it to the C-terminal of IpaDSTxB leads to a higher accumulation rate in both N. tabacum and M. sativa by 1.39 and 1.28 times, respectively. It also facilitates purification rate by over 70% in comparison to 20% of the 6His tag. The results show a highly efficient and easy to purify platform for the expression of heterologous proteins in plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- AmirMohammad Soleimani
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Houshang Alizadeh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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2
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Bala Subramaniyan S, Veerappan A. Lectins as the prominent potential to deliver bioactive metal nanoparticles by recognizing cell surface glycans. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29394. [PMID: 38638961 PMCID: PMC11024627 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lectins are renowned for recognizing specific carbohydrates, but there is evidence that they can bind to other endogenous ligands. Therefore, lectin can be used as a carrier to recognize glycoconjugates on the cell surface. The anticancer, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory properties of some lectins are established. Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have been used in various fields recently, but their documented toxicity has raised questions about their suitability for biomedical uses. The advantages of MNPs can be realized if we deliver the NPs to the site of action; as a result, NPs may achieve greater therapeutic efficiency at lower doses with less toxicity. The use of carbohydrate specificity by lectin MNPs conjugates for diagnostics and therapeutics was addressed. The review summarised the multidimensional application of lectins and described their potential for delivery of MNPs in future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Bala Subramaniyan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anbazhagan Veerappan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Citores L, Ragucci S, Gay CC, Russo R, Chambery A, Di Maro A, Iglesias R, Ferreras JM. Edodin: A New Type of Toxin from Shiitake Mushroom ( Lentinula edodes) That Inactivates Mammalian Ribosomes. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:185. [PMID: 38668610 PMCID: PMC11053714 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16040185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are a group of proteins with rRNA N-glycosylase activity that irreversibly inhibit protein synthesis and consequently cause cell death. Recently, an RIP called ledodin has been found in shiitake; it is cytotoxic, strongly inhibits protein synthesis, and shows rRNA N-glycosylase activity. In this work, we isolated and characterized a 50 kDa cytotoxic protein from shiitake that we named edodin. Edodin inhibits protein synthesis in a mammalian cell-free system, but not in insect-, yeast-, and bacteria-derived systems. It exhibits rRNA N-glycosylase and DNA-nicking activities, which relate it to plant RIPs. It was also shown to be toxic to HeLa and COLO 320 cells. Its structure is not related to other RIPs found in plants, bacteria, or fungi, but, instead, it presents the characteristic structure of the fold type I of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes. Homologous sequences have been found in other fungi of the class Agaricomycetes; thus, edodin could be a new type of toxin present in many fungi, some of them edible, which makes them of great interest in health, both for their involvement in food safety and for their potential biomedical and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Citores
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Sara Ragucci
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.R.); (R.R.); (A.C.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Claudia C. Gay
- Laboratory of Protein Research, Institute of Basic and Applied Chemistry of Northeast Argentina (UNNE-CONICET), Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, Av. Libertad 5470, Corrientes 3400, Argentina;
| | - Rosita Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.R.); (R.R.); (A.C.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Angela Chambery
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.R.); (R.R.); (A.C.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Antimo Di Maro
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.R.); (R.R.); (A.C.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Rosario Iglesias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - José M. Ferreras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain;
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4
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Tagaeva R, Efimova S, Ischenko A, Zhakhov A, Shevtsov M, Ostroumova O. A new look at Hsp70 activity in phosphatidylserine-enriched membranes: chaperone-induced quasi-interdigitated lipid phase. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19233. [PMID: 37932471 PMCID: PMC10628215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
70 kDa heat shock protein Hsp70 (also termed HSP70A1A) is the major stress-inducible member of the HSP70 chaperone family, which is present on the plasma membranes of various tumor cells, but not on the membranes of the corresponding normal cells. The exact mechanisms of Hsp70 anchoring in the membrane and its membrane-related functions are still under debate, since the protein does not contain consensus signal sequence responsible for translocation from the cytosol to the lipid bilayer. The present study was focused on the analysis of the interaction of recombinant human Hsp70 with the model phospholipid membranes. We have confirmed that Hsp70 has strong specificity toward membranes composed of negatively charged phosphatidylserine (PS), compared to neutral phosphatidylcholine membranes. Using differential scanning calorimetry, we have shown for the first time that Hsp70 affects the thermotropic behavior of saturated PS and leads to the interdigitation that controls membrane thickness and rigidity. Hsp70-PS interaction depended on the lipid phase state; the protein stabilized ordered domains enriched with high-melting PS, increasing their area, probably due to formation of quasi-interdigitated phase. Moreover, the ability of Hsp70 to form ion-permeable pores in PS membranes may also be determined by the bilayer thickness. These observations contribute to a better understanding of Hsp70-PS interaction and biological functions of membrane-bound Hsp70 in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslana Tagaeva
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova Str. 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341, Russia
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, Saint Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Svetlana Efimova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, Saint Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Alexander Ischenko
- Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira Str. 14, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Alexander Zhakhov
- Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira Str. 14, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova Str. 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341, Russia.
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, Saint Petersburg, 194064, Russia.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technishe Universität München (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Olga Ostroumova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, Saint Petersburg, 194064, Russia
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5
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Zulpa AK, Barathan M, Iyadorai T, Mariappan V, Vadivelu J, Teh CSJ, Vellasamy KM. Selective pks+ Escherichia coli strains induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in colon cancer cell line. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:333. [PMID: 37801157 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
pks+ Escherichia coli (E. coli) triggers genomic instability in normal colon cells which leads to colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis. Previously, we reported a significant presentation of pks+ E. coli strains in CRC patients' biopsies as compared to healthy cohorts. In this work, using an in vitro infection model, we further explored the ability of these strains in modulating cell cycle arrest and activation of apoptotic mediators in both primary colon epithelial cells (PCE) and CRC cells (HCT-116). Sixteen strains, of which eight tumours and the matching non-malignant tissues, respectively, from eight pks+ E. coli CRC patients were subjected to BrDU staining and cell cycle analysis via flow cytometry, while a subset of these strains underwent analysis of apoptotic mediators including caspase proteins, cellular reactive oxygen species (cROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) via spectrophotometry as well as proinflammatory cytokines via flow cytometry. Data revealed that all strains exerted S-phase cell cycle blockade in both cells and G2/M phase in PCE cells only. Moreover, more significant upregulation of Caspase 9, cROS, proinflammatory cytokines and prominent downregulation of MMP were detected in HCT-116 cells indicating the potential role of pks related bacterial toxin as anticancer agent as compared to PCE cells which undergo cellular senescence leading to cell death without apparent upregulation of apoptotic mediators. These findings suggest the existence of discrepancies underlying the mechanism of action of pks+ E. coli on both cancer and normal cell lines. This work propounds the rationale to further understand the mechanism underlying pks+ E. coli-mediated CRC tumorigenesis and cancer killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Zulpa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Barathan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - T Iyadorai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - V Mariappan
- Center of Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - C S J Teh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K M Vellasamy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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6
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Ragucci S, Landi N, Citores L, Iglesias R, Russo R, Clemente A, Saviano M, Pedone PV, Chambery A, Ferreras JM, Di Maro A. The Biological Action and Structural Characterization of Eryngitin 3 and 4, Ribotoxin-like Proteins from Pleurotus eryngii Fruiting Bodies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14435. [PMID: 37833883 PMCID: PMC10572553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribotoxin-like proteins (RL-Ps) are specific ribonucleases found in mushrooms that are able to cleave a single phosphodiester bond located in the sarcin-ricin loop (SRL) of the large rRNA. The cleaved SRL interacts differently with some ribosomal proteins (P-stalk). This action blocks protein synthesis because the damaged ribosomes are unable to interact with elongation factors. Here, the amino acid sequences of eryngitin 3 and 4, RL-Ps isolated from Pleurotus eryngii fruiting bodies, were determined to (i) obtain structural information on this specific ribonuclease family from edible mushrooms and (ii) explore the structural determinants which justify their different biological and antipathogenic activities. Indeed, eryngitin 3 exhibited higher toxicity with respect to eryngitin 4 against tumoral cell lines and model fungi. Structurally, eryngitin 3 and 4 consist of 132 amino acids, most of them identical and exhibiting a single free cysteinyl residue. The amino acidic differences between the two toxins are (i) an additional phenylalanyl residue at the N-terminus of eryngitin 3, not retrieved in eryngitin 4, and (ii) an additional arginyl residue at the C-terminus of eryngitin 4, not retrieved in eryngitin 3. The 3D models of eryngitins show slight differences at the N- and C-terminal regions. In particular, the positive electrostatic surface at the C-terminal of eryngitin 4 is due to the additional arginyl residue not retrieved in eryngitin 3. This additional positive charge could interfere with the binding to the SRL (substrate) or with some ribosomal proteins (P-stalk structure) during substrate recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ragucci
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.R.); (N.L.); (R.R.); (A.C.); (P.V.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Nicola Landi
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.R.); (N.L.); (R.R.); (A.C.); (P.V.P.); (A.C.)
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Lucía Citores
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain; (L.C.); (R.I.); (J.M.F.)
| | - Rosario Iglesias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain; (L.C.); (R.I.); (J.M.F.)
| | - Rosita Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.R.); (N.L.); (R.R.); (A.C.); (P.V.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Angela Clemente
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.R.); (N.L.); (R.R.); (A.C.); (P.V.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Michele Saviano
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Paolo Vincenzo Pedone
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.R.); (N.L.); (R.R.); (A.C.); (P.V.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Angela Chambery
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.R.); (N.L.); (R.R.); (A.C.); (P.V.P.); (A.C.)
| | - José Miguel Ferreras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain; (L.C.); (R.I.); (J.M.F.)
| | - Antimo Di Maro
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.R.); (N.L.); (R.R.); (A.C.); (P.V.P.); (A.C.)
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7
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Márquez-López A, Fanarraga ML. AB Toxins as High-Affinity Ligands for Cell Targeting in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11227. [PMID: 37446406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional targeted therapies for the treatment of cancer have limitations, including the development of acquired resistance. However, novel alternatives have emerged in the form of targeted therapies based on AB toxins. These biotoxins are a diverse group of highly poisonous molecules that show a nanomolar affinity for their target cell receptors, making them an invaluable source of ligands for biomedical applications. Bacterial AB toxins, in particular, are modular proteins that can be genetically engineered to develop high-affinity therapeutic compounds. These toxins consist of two distinct domains: a catalytically active domain and an innocuous domain that acts as a ligand, directing the catalytic domain to the target cells. Interestingly, many tumor cells show receptors on the surface that are recognized by AB toxins, making these high-affinity proteins promising tools for developing new methods for targeting anticancer therapies. Here we describe the structure and mechanisms of action of Diphtheria (Dtx), Anthrax (Atx), Shiga (Stx), and Cholera (Ctx) toxins, and review the potential uses of AB toxins in cancer therapy. We also discuss the main advances in this field, some successful results, and, finally, the possible development of innovative and precise applications in oncology based on engineered recombinant AB toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Márquez-López
- The Nanomedicine Group, Institute Valdecilla-IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Mónica L Fanarraga
- The Nanomedicine Group, Institute Valdecilla-IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
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8
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Danielewicz N, Rosato F, Tomisch J, Gräber J, Wiltschi B, Striedner G, Römer W, Mairhofer J. Clickable Shiga Toxin B Subunit for Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15406-15421. [PMID: 37151527 PMCID: PMC10157870 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, receptor-mediated drug delivery has gained major attention in the treatment of cancer. The pathogen-derived Shiga Toxin B subunit (STxB) can be used as a carrier that detects the tumor-associated glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) receptors. While drug conjugation via lysine or cysteine offers random drug attachment to carriers, click chemistry has the potential to improve the engineering of delivery systems as the site specificity can eliminate interference with the active binding site of tumor ligands. We present the production of recombinant STxB in its wild-type (STxBwt) version or incorporating the noncanonical amino acid azido lysine (STxBAzK). The STxBwt and STxBAzK were manufactured using a growth-decoupled Escherichia coli (E. coli)-based expression strain and analyzed via flow cytometry for Gb3 receptor recognition and specificity on two human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines-HT-29 and LS-174-characterized by high and low Gb3 abundance, respectively. Furthermore, STxBAzK was clicked to the antineoplastic agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and evaluated in cell-killing assays for its ability to deliver the drug to Gb3-expressing tumor cells. The STxBAzK-MMAE conjugate induced uptake and release of the MMAE drug in Gb3-positive tumor cells, reaching 94% of HT-29 cell elimination at 72 h post-treatment and low nanomolar doses while sparing LS-174 cells. STxBAzK is therefore presented as a well-functioning drug carrier, with a possible application in cancer therapy. This research demonstrates the feasibility of lectin carriers used in delivering drugs to tumor cells, with prospects for improved cancer therapy in terms of straightforward drug attachment and effective cancer cell elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Danielewicz
- enGenes
Biotech GmbH, Muthgasse
11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Natural
Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Francesca Rosato
- Faculty
of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signaling
Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University
of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße
18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jana Tomisch
- Faculty
of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signaling
Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University
of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße
18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Gräber
- Faculty
of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signaling
Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University
of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße
18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Wiltschi
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Natural
Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian
Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Striedner
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Natural
Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried Römer
- Faculty
of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signaling
Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University
of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße
18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg
Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Liu D, Zhan Y, Wu X, Qiao H, Zhang Y, Li B. Design, preparation and characterization of octopus-like self-releasing intracellular protein transporter LEB5 based on Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124172. [PMID: 36966860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great potential of protein drugs as intracellular therapeutic agents, the unmet challenge in breaking through the cell membrane barrier and delivering them to intracellular targets remains. Therefore, developing safe and effective delivery vehicles is critical for fundamental biomedical research and clinical applications. In this study, we designed an octopus-like self-releasing intracellular protein transporter, the LEB5, based on the heat-labile enterotoxin. This carrier comprises five identical units, each of which has three main components: a linker, a self-releasing enzyme sensitivity loop, and the LTB transport domain. The LEB5 comprises five purified monomers that self-assemble to create a pentamer with ganglioside GM1 binding capacity. The fluorescent protein EGFP was used as a reporter system to identify the LEB5 features. The high-purity fusion protein ELEB monomer was produced from modified bacteria carrying pET24a(+)-eleb recombinant plasmids. EGFP protein could effectively detach from LEB5 by low dosage trypsin, according to electrophoresis analysis. The transmission electron microscopy results indicate that both LEB5 and ELEB5 pentamers exhibit a relatively regularly spherical shape, and the differential scanning calorimetry measurements further suggest that these proteins possess excellent thermal stability. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that LEB5 translocated EGFP into different cell types. Flow cytometry showed cellular differences in the transport capacity of LEB5. According to the confocal microscopy, fluorescence analysis and western blotting data, EGFP was transferred to the endoplasmic reticulum by the LEB5 carrier, detached from LEB5 by cleavage of the enzyme-sensitive loop, and released into the cytoplasm. Within the dosage range of LEB5 10-80 μg/mL, cell counting kit-8 assay revealed no significant changes in cell viability. These results demonstrated that LEB5 is a safe and effective intracellular self-releasing delivery vehicle capable of transporting and releasing protein medicines into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology and Center for Veterinary Medicine, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yafen Zhan
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology and Center for Veterinary Medicine, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology and Center for Veterinary Medicine, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongping Qiao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology and Center for Veterinary Medicine, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Yeli Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology and Center for Veterinary Medicine, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology and Center for Veterinary Medicine, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
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10
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Rogers AP, Mileto SJ, Lyras D. Impact of enteric bacterial infections at and beyond the epithelial barrier. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:260-274. [PMID: 36175770 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00794-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The mucosal lining of the gut has co-evolved with a diverse microbiota over millions of years, leading to the development of specialized mechanisms to actively limit the invasion of pathogens. However, some enteric microorganisms have adapted against these measures, developing ways to hijack or overcome epithelial micro-integrity mechanisms. This breach of the gut barrier not only enables the leakage of host factors out of circulation but can also initiate a cascade of detrimental systemic events as microbiota, pathogens and their affiliated secretions passively leak into extra-intestinal sites. Under normal circumstances, gut damage is rapidly repaired by intestinal stem cells. However, with substantial and deep perturbation to the gut lining and the systemic dissemination of gut contents, we now know that some enteric infections can cause the impairment of host regenerative processes. Although these local and systemic aspects of enteric disease are often studied in isolation, they heavily impact one another. In this Review, by examining the journey of enteric infections from initial establishment to systemic sequelae and how, or if, the host can successfully repair damage, we will tie together these complex interactions to provide a holistic overview of the impact of enteric infections at and beyond the epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh P Rogers
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven J Mileto
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dena Lyras
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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11
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Khoshnood S, Fathizadeh H, Neamati F, Negahdari B, Baindara P, Abdullah MA, Haddadi MH. Bacteria-derived chimeric toxins as potential anticancer agents. Front Oncol 2022; 12:953678. [PMID: 36158673 PMCID: PMC9491211 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.953678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death globally, requiring everlasting efforts to develop novel, specific, effective, and safe treatment strategies. Despite advances in recent years, chemotherapy, as the primary treatment for cancer, still faces limitations such as the lack of specificity, drug resistance, and treatment failure. Bacterial toxins have great potential to be used as anticancer agents and can boost the effectiveness of cancer chemotherapeutics. Bacterial toxins exert anticancer effects by affecting the cell cycle and apoptotic pathways and regulating tumorigenesis. Chimeric toxins, which are recombinant derivatives of bacterial toxins, have been developed to address the low specificity of their conventional peers. Through their targeting moieties, chimeric toxins can specifically and effectively detect and kill cancer cells. This review takes a comprehensive look at the anticancer properties of bacteria-derived toxins and discusses their potential applications as therapeutic options for integrative cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hadis Fathizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Foroogh Neamati
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Piyush Baindara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah
- Department of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam Campus, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Hossein Haddadi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Hossein Haddadi,
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12
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Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and a Fresh View on Shiga Toxin-Binding Glycosphingolipids of Primary Human Kidney and Colon Epithelial Cells and Their Toxin Susceptibility. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136884. [PMID: 35805890 PMCID: PMC9266556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are the human pathogenic subset of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC). EHEC are responsible for severe colon infections associated with life-threatening extraintestinal complications such as the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and neurological disturbances. Endothelial cells in various human organs are renowned targets of Stx, whereas the role of epithelial cells of colon and kidneys in the infection process has been and is still a matter of debate. This review shortly addresses the clinical impact of EHEC infections, novel aspects of vesicular package of Stx in the intestine and the blood stream as well as Stx-mediated extraintestinal complications and therapeutic options. Here follows a compilation of the Stx-binding glycosphingolipids (GSLs), globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer) and globotetraosylceramide (Gb4Cer) and their various lipoforms present in primary human kidney and colon epithelial cells and their distribution in lipid raft-analog membrane preparations. The last issues are the high and extremely low susceptibility of primary renal and colonic epithelial cells, respectively, suggesting a large resilience of the intestinal epithelium against the human-pathogenic Stx1a- and Stx2a-subtypes due to the low content of the high-affinity Stx-receptor Gb3Cer in colon epithelial cells. The review closes with a brief outlook on future challenges of Stx research.
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13
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Byrne FL, Olzomer EM, Lolies N, Hoehn KL, Wegner MS. Update on Glycosphingolipids Abundance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094477. [PMID: 35562868 PMCID: PMC9102297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent type of primary liver cancer. Low numbers of HCC patients being suitable for liver resection or transplantation and multidrug resistance development during pharmacotherapy leads to high death rates for HCC patients. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HCC etiology may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of HCC. UDP-glucose ceramide glycosyltransferase (UGCG), a key enzyme in glycosphingolipid metabolism, generates glucosylceramide (GlcCer), which is the precursor for all glycosphingolipids (GSLs). Since UGCG gene expression is altered in 0.8% of HCC tumors, GSLs may play a role in cellular processes in liver cancer cells. Here, we discuss the current literature about GSLs and their abundance in normal liver cells, Gaucher disease and HCC. Furthermore, we review the involvement of UGCG/GlcCer in multidrug resistance development, globosides as a potential prognostic marker for HCC, gangliosides as a potential liver cancer stem cell marker, and the role of sulfatides in tumor metastasis. Only a limited number of molecular mechanisms executed by GSLs in HCC are known, which we summarize here briefly. Overall, the role GSLs play in HCC progression and their ability to serve as biomarkers or prognostic indicators for HCC, requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances L. Byrne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (F.L.B.); (E.M.O.); (K.L.H.)
| | - Ellen M. Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (F.L.B.); (E.M.O.); (K.L.H.)
| | - Nina Lolies
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Kyle L. Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (F.L.B.); (E.M.O.); (K.L.H.)
| | - Marthe-Susanna Wegner
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (F.L.B.); (E.M.O.); (K.L.H.)
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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14
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Pherez-Farah A, López-Sánchez RDC, Villela-Martínez LM, Ortiz-López R, Beltrán BE, Hernández-Hernández JA. Sphingolipids and Lymphomas: A Double-Edged Sword. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2051. [PMID: 35565181 PMCID: PMC9104519 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphomas are a highly heterogeneous group of hematological neoplasms. Given their ethiopathogenic complexity, their classification and management can become difficult tasks; therefore, new approaches are continuously being sought. Metabolic reprogramming at the lipid level is a hot topic in cancer research, and sphingolipidomics has gained particular focus in this area due to the bioactive nature of molecules such as sphingoid bases, sphingosine-1-phosphate, ceramides, sphingomyelin, cerebrosides, globosides, and gangliosides. Sphingolipid metabolism has become especially exciting because they are involved in virtually every cellular process through an extremely intricate metabolic web; in fact, no two sphingolipids share the same fate. Unsurprisingly, a disruption at this level is a recurrent mechanism in lymphomagenesis, dissemination, and chemoresistance, which means potential biomarkers and therapeutical targets might be hiding within these pathways. Many comprehensive reviews describing their role in cancer exist, but because most research has been conducted in solid malignancies, evidence in lymphomagenesis is somewhat limited. In this review, we summarize key aspects of sphingolipid biochemistry and discuss their known impact in cancer biology, with a particular focus on lymphomas and possible therapeutical strategies against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Pherez-Farah
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Mario Villela-Martínez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales 80030, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Hospital Fernando Ocaranza, ISSSTE, Hermosillo 83190, Sonora, Mexico
- Centro Médico Dr. Ignacio Chávez, ISSSTESON, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Rocío Ortiz-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Brady E Beltrán
- Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima 15072, Peru
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima 1801, Peru
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15
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Johannes L. Application of Protein Toxins as Cell Biological and Pharmacological Tools. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14040242. [PMID: 35448851 PMCID: PMC9029357 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14040242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, 26 Rue d'Ulm, CEDEX 05, 75248 Paris, France
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