1
|
Sangprasat K, Bulaon CJI, Rattanapisit K, Srisangsung T, Jirarojwattana P, Wongwatanasin A, Phoolcharoen W. Production of monoclonal antibodies against botulinum neurotoxin in Nicotiana benthamiana. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2329446. [PMID: 38525945 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2329446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Botulism is a fatal neurologic disease caused by the botulinum toxin (BoNT) produced by Clostridium botulinum. It is a rare but highly toxic disease with symptoms, such as cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dysphagia, respiratory failure, muscle weakness, and even death. Currently, two types of antitoxin are used: equine-derived heptavalent antitoxin and human-derived immunoglobulin (BabyBIG®). However, heptavalent treatment may result in hypersensitivity, whereas BabyBIG®, has a low yield. The present study focused on the development of three anti-BoNT monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 1B18, C25, and M2, in Nicotiana benthamiana. The plant-expressed mAbs were purified and examined for size, purity and integrity by SDS-PAGE, western blotting and size-exclusion chromatography. Analysis showed that plant-produced anti-BoNT mAbs can fully assemble in plants, can be purified in a single purification step, and mostly remain as monomeric proteins. The efficiency of anti-BoNT mAbs binding to BoNT/A and B was then tested. Plant-produced 1B18 retained its ability to recognize both mBoNT/A1 and ciBoNT/B1. At the same time, the binding specificities of two other mAbs were determined: C25 for mBoNT/A1 and M2 for ciBoNT/B1. In conclusion, our results confirm the use of plants as an alternative platform for the production of anti-BoNT mAbs. This plant-based technology will serve as a versatile system for the development botulism immunotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kornchanok Sangprasat
- Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Graduate Program of Program in Research for Enterprise, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kaewta Rattanapisit
- Department of Research and Development, Baiya Phytopharm Co. Ltd, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Theerakarn Srisangsung
- Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Graduate Program of Program in Research for Enterprise, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Perawat Jirarojwattana
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tran NH, Tran VP, Nguyen D, Tran N. Emerging botulism in Vietnam: Identifiable risk factors, future perspective, and recommendations. J Glob Health 2024; 14:03004. [PMID: 38214293 PMCID: PMC10785569 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.03004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Ha Tran
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, the University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Dang Nguyen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nham Tran
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, the University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karcioglu O, Akman C, Atnis I. Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Botox Application and Iatrogenic Botulism: Panacea or Peril? Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:578-588. [PMID: 38409723 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128284720240212111926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Clostridium botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) creates temporary paralysis in the muscles by acting on the muscle-nerve junction. It is injected into the mimic muscles when a decrease in the movements of the mimic muscles is desired. Despite many favorable applications, the use of BoNT-A is not without drawbacks. Although there is no expected serious side effect on health in BoNT-A treatments, various problems can be encountered in patients treated for aesthetic purposes. Botulism is a rare but potentially life-threatening syndrome, which is caused by the toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which acts on the nervous system, vegetative forms of C. botulinum can only survive in anaerobic conditions, while spore forms are common in nature and can withstand harsh conditions. Botulism can stem from bacterial spores which release toxin in the body; in the form of enteric botulism, and wound botulism. The cases that develop 'iatrogenic botulism' after such procedures are usually those receiving high-dose toxin for therapeutic purposes. The treatment of botulism mainly consists of anti-toxin therapy and, if necessary, intensive care to prevent organ failures, including respiratory support. This article aims to cover all these issues related to botulism and other adverse outcomes related to BoNT-A injection in light of the most recent literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Karcioglu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taksim Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Canan Akman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Atnis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Niğde Omer Halisdemir Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Nigde, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barker D, Han X, Wang E, Dagley A, Anderson DM, Jha A, Weaver SC, Julander J, Nykiforuk C, Kodihalli S. Equine Polyclonal Antibodies Prevent Acute Chikungunya Virus Infection in Mice. Viruses 2023; 15:1479. [PMID: 37515166 PMCID: PMC10384969 DOI: 10.3390/v15071479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted pathogen that causes chikungunya disease (CHIK); the disease is characterized by fever, muscle ache, rash, and arthralgia. This arthralgia can be debilitating and long-lasting, seriously impacting quality of life for years. Currently, there is no specific therapy available for CHIKV infection. We have developed a despeciated equine polyclonal antibody (CHIKV-EIG) treatment against CHIKV and evaluated its protective efficacy in mouse models of CHIKV infection. In immunocompromised (IFNAR-/-) mice infected with CHIKV, daily treatment for five consecutive days with CHIKV-EIG administered at 100 mg/kg starting on the day of infection prevented mortality, reduced viremia, and improved clinical condition as measured by body weight loss. These beneficial effects were seen even when treatment was delayed to 1 day after infection. In immunocompetent mice, CHIKV-EIG treatment reduced virus induced arthritis (including footpad swelling), arthralgia-associated cytokines, viremia, and tissue virus loads in a dose-dependent fashion. Collectively, these results suggest that CHIKV-EIG is effective at preventing CHIK and could be a viable candidate for further development as a treatment for human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Barker
- Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc., Winnipeg, MB R3T 5Y3, Canada
| | - Xiaobing Han
- Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc., Winnipeg, MB R3T 5Y3, Canada
| | - Eryu Wang
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ashley Dagley
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | | | - Aruni Jha
- Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc., Winnipeg, MB R3T 5Y3, Canada
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Justin Julander
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Cory Nykiforuk
- Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc., Winnipeg, MB R3T 5Y3, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shi DY, Lu JS, Mao YY, Liu FJ, Wang R, Du P, Yu S, Yu YZ, Yang ZX. Characterization of a novel tetravalent botulism antitoxin based on receptor-binding domain of BoNTs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3205-3216. [PMID: 37058230 PMCID: PMC10102682 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNTs; serotypes A, B, E, and F) cause botulism disease in humans, which could be effectively treated using antitoxins. Herein, we established a novel receptor-binding domain (RBD)-based antitoxin using recombinant C terminal heavy chain (Hc) domains of BoNTs as immunogens. Immunization of horses with these recombinant Hc domains allowed the purification and digestion of IgGs from hyper-immune sera to produce high-quality and high-efficiency monovalent botulism antitoxin F(ab')2 against each BoNT (M-BATs). However, these M-BATs could not bind or neutralize other serotypes of BoNTs, and that there were no cross-protective effects among these M-BATs. This suggested the need to prepare tetravalent antitoxins to neutralize the four BoNTs simultaneously. Thus, these M-BATs were formulated into a novel tetravalent botulism antitoxin (T-BAT), in which a 10-ml volume contained 10000 IU of BoNT/A and 5000 IU of BoNT/B, BoNT/E, and BoNT/F antitoxins. The novel antitoxin preparation could prevent and treat the four mixed botulinum neurotoxins simultaneously in vivo, representing strong efficacy in an animal poisoning model. Moreover, these antibodies in T-BAT could bind the RBD, whereas conventional antitoxins based on inactivated toxins mainly bind the light chain or heavy chain translocation domain (HN) and weakly bind the important RBD in current experimental conditions. The high levels of RBD-specific novel antitoxins can efficiently bind the RBD and neutralize natural or recombinant toxins containing this RBD. The findings of the present study experimentally support the use of RBD-specific antitoxins to treat BoNT serotype A, B, E, and F-mediated botulism. This study demonstrated the concept of developing potent novel multivalent antitoxins against all BoNTs or other toxins, using the RBD of these toxins as an alternative antigen to inactivated toxins. KEY POINTS: • Antitoxins based on the receptor-binding domains of botulinum neurotoxins were made. • Novel antitoxin binds RBD; traditional antitoxin mainly binds light chain or HN domain. • A tetravalent antitoxin could prevent and treat the four mixed neurotoxins in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yang Shi
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Lu
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yun-Yun Mao
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Fu-Jia Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Peng Du
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Shuo Yu
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yun-Zhou Yu
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Zhi-Xin Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Z, Li B, Lu J, Liu X, Tan X, Wang R, Du P, Yu S, Xu Q, Pang X, Yu Y, Yang Z. Biological and Immunological Characterization of a Functional L-HN Derivative of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype F. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030200. [PMID: 36977091 PMCID: PMC10056376 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) can cause nerve paralysis syndrome in mammals and other vertebrates. BoNTs are the most toxic biotoxins known and are classified as Class A biological warfare agents. BoNTs are mainly divided into seven serotypes A-G and new neurotoxins BoNT/H and BoNT/X, which have similar functions. BoNT proteins are 150 kDa polypeptide consisting of two chains and three domains: the light chain (L, catalytic domain, 50 kDa) and the heavy chain (H, 100 kDa), which can be divided into an N-terminal membrane translocation domain (HN, 50 kDa) and a C-terminal receptor binding domain (Hc, 50 kDa). In current study, we explored the immunoprotective efficacy of each functional molecule of BoNT/F and the biological characteristics of the light chain-heavy N-terminal domain (FL-HN). The two structure forms of FL-HN (i.e., FL-HN-SC: single chain FL-HN and FL-HN-DC: di-chain FL-HN) were developed and identified. FL-HN-SC could cleave the vesicle associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) substrate protein in vitro as FL-HN-DC or FL. While only FL-HN-DC had neurotoxicity and could enter neuro-2a cells to cleave VAMP2. Our results showed that the FL-HN-SC had a better immune protection effect than the Hc of BoNT/F (FHc), which indicated that L-HN-SC, as an antigen, provided the strongest protective effects against BoNT/F among all the tested functional molecules. Further in-depth research on the different molecular forms of FL-HN suggested that there were some important antibody epitopes at the L-HN junction of BoNT/F. Thus, FL-HN-SC could be used as a subunit vaccine to replace the FHc subunit vaccine and/or toxoid vaccine, and to develop antibody immune molecules targeting L and HN domains rather than the FHc domain. FL-HN-DC could be used as a new functional molecule to evaluate and explore the structure and activity of toxin molecules. Further exploration of the biological activity and molecular mechanism of the functional FL-HN or BoNT/F is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Li
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
- Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Bolin Li
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jiansheng Lu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
- Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Peng Du
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shuo Yu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaobin Pang
- Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yunzhou Yu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhixin Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (Z.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gupta S, Sharma N, Naorem LD, Jain S, Raghava GP. Collection, compilation and analysis of bacterial vaccines. Comput Biol Med 2022; 149:106030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
8
|
Beliveau M, Anderson D, Barker D, Kodihalli S, Simard E, Hall C, Richardson JS. Exposure-Response Modeling and Simulation to Support Human Dosing of Botulism Antitoxin Heptavalent Product. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 112:171-180. [PMID: 35467014 PMCID: PMC9323444 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Botulism antitoxin heptavalent (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G – Equine; BAT) product is a sterile solution of F(ab')2 and F(ab')2‐related antibody fragments prepared from plasma obtained from horses that have been immunized with a specific serotype of botulinum toxoid and toxin. BAT product is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic botulism following documented or suspected exposure to botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A to G in adults and pediatric patients. Pharmacokinetic and exposure‐response models were used to explore the relationship between BAT product exposure and the probability of survival, and the occurrence of relevant moderate clinical signs observed during the preclinical development of BAT product to justify the clinical dose. The predicted probability of survival in humans for all serotypes of botulinum neurotoxin was more than 95.9% following intravenous administration of one vial of BAT product. Furthermore, this BAT product dose is expected to result in significant protection against clinical signs in human adults for all botulinum neurotoxin serotypes. Our exposure response model indicates that we have sufficient antitoxin levels to give full protection at various theoretical exposure levels and, based on neutralization capacity/potency of one dose of BAT product, it is expected to exceed the amount of circulating botulinum neurotoxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Doug Barker
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Emilie Simard
- Certara Strategic Consulting, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|