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Li Y, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Yang C, Wu Y, Wu A, Zhang Q, Liu X, Xiao B, Feng Y, Wu J, Liang Z, Yuan Z. Apoptosis mediated by crosstalk between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum: A possible cause of citrinin disruption of the intestinal barrier. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 284:116877. [PMID: 39142118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Citrinin (CTN) is a mycotoxin commonly found in contaminated foods and feed, posing health risks to both humans and animals. However, the mechanism by which CTN damages the intestine remains unclear. In this study, a model of intestinal injury was induced by administering 1.25 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg of CTN via gavage for 28 consecutive days in 6-week-old Kunming mice, aiming to explore the potential mechanisms underlying intestinal injury. The results demonstrate that CTN can cause structural damage to the mouse jejunum. Additionally, CTN reduces the protein expression of Claudin-1, Occludin, ZO-1, and MUC2, thereby disrupting the physical and chemical barriers of the intestine. Furthermore, exposure to CTN alters the structure of the intestinal microbiota in mice, thus compromising the intestinal microbial barrier. Meanwhile, the results showed that CTN exposure could induce excessive apoptosis in intestinal cells by altering the expression of proteins such as CHOP and GRP78 in the endoplasmic reticulum and Bax and Cyt c in mitochondria. The mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum are connected through the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM), which regulates the membrane. We found that the expression of bridging proteins Fis1 and BAP31 on the membrane was increased after CTN treatment, which would exacerbate the endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, and could activate proteins such as Caspase-8 and Bid, thus further inducing apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that CTN exposure can cause intestinal damage by disrupting the intestinal barrier and inducing excessive apoptosis in intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Yongkang Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Zonghan Jiang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Chenglin Yang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - You Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Aoao Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Qike Zhang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Yiya Feng
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Institute of Yunnan Circular Agricultural Industry, Puer 665000, PR China
| | - Zengenni Liang
- Department of Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410128, PR China; Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, PR China.
| | - Zhihang Yuan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Institute of Yunnan Circular Agricultural Industry, Puer 665000, PR China.
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2
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Zhang X, Wang P, Li J, Shu Q, Lu Q, Wang F, Zhao Y, Niu H, Chen T. Degradation of citrinin by different types of light and hydrogen peroxide. J Food Sci 2024. [PMID: 39098811 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Citrinin (CIT), a mycotoxin produced by Monascus, Penicillium, and other fungies, can contaminate red yeast rice and other foods, thus constraining their application and development. Exploring efficient degradation methods of citrinin is becoming as one of the hot research topics. In this study, the degradation of citrinin, irradiated by visible (Vis) light, ultraviolet (UV) light, and simulated sunlight alone, as well as in combination with hydrogen peroxide (light/H2O2), was investigated. The research demonstrates UV, Vis, and simulated sunlight all have a degree of degradation on citrinin, and the degradation efficiency correlates with light source and light intensity. Interestingly, when combined with 100 W Vis and 0.01 M H2O2, the citrinin degradation rate increases to 32%, compared to 1% and 5% achieved by Vis and H2O2 alone. Hydroxyl radicals, arising from the uniform cracking of H2O2 under Vis, were experimentally validated by electron spin resonance measurement and could accelerate the dissociation of citrinin by nucleophilic attacking. Employing the density functional theory, we deduced nucleophilic •OH mainly attack onto C8 and C5 site by comparing the electrophilic Parr functions (Pk+) value of main C atom of citrinin. This research presents a rapid and efficient degradation of citrinin by combining visible light with H2O2. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research presents a rapid and efficient method for the degradation of citrnin in red yeast rice and other citrnin containing products by combining visible light with H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Penghui Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Qi Shu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Qian Lu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Fenghe Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Zhao
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Niu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Ting Chen
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
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Zhou X, Zou L, Deng H, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Ouyang X, Liu L, Wang L, Li T. Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress on Cold Seawater Immersion Combined with Hemorrhagic Shock. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:4923-4940. [PMID: 39070132 PMCID: PMC11283250 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s469622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cold seawater immersion aggravates hemorrhagic shock-induced homeostasis imbalance and organ dysfunction, leading to increased mortality. Previous studies have shown that treatments targeting oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have limited efficacy for cold seawater immersion combined with hemorrhagic shock (SIHS). Thus, the mechanisms responsible for SIHS need further investigation. Methods and Results Data from the hemorrhagic shock transcriptome and cold seawater immersion targets used for bioinformatics analysis revealed the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in SIHS occurrence and progression. Based on these findings, the effects and possible mechanism of inhibiting ERS in SIHS rats were investigated. SIHS causes a lethal triad and impairment of vital organ function, leading to death. Compared to lactated Ringer's solution, the ERS inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA)significantly ameliorated acidosis and coagulopathy and protected vital organ function while prolonging survival and the golden treatment time. Through target screening and validation, 7 targets were identified for the ERS inhibitor PBA for the treatment of SIHS, among which S1PR1, MMP8 and CFTR may play more important roles. Conclusion ERS plays a crucial role in the progression of SIHS. Inhibition of ERS caused by SIHS alleviates the lethal triad, protects organ function, and prolongs survival and the golden treatment time. The ERS inhibitor PBA may be an effective therapeutic measure for treating SIHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhou
- Department of Shock and Transfusion, Army Medical Center of Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyong Zou
- Department of Shock and Transfusion, Army Medical Center of Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyue Deng
- Department of Shock and Transfusion, Army Medical Center of Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanqun Zhou
- Department of Shock and Transfusion, Army Medical Center of Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Shock and Transfusion, Army Medical Center of Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingnan Ouyang
- Department of Shock and Transfusion, Army Medical Center of Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangming Liu
- Department of Shock and Transfusion, Army Medical Center of Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Shock and Transfusion, Army Medical Center of Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Shock and Transfusion, Army Medical Center of Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Tsai JF, Wu TS, Huang YT, Lin WJ, Yu FY, Liu BH. Exposure to Mycotoxin Citrinin Promotes Carcinogenic Potential of Human Renal Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19054-19065. [PMID: 37988173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxin citrinin (CTN), commonly found in food and health supplements, may induce chromosomal instability. In this study, human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (hRPTECs) that were exposed to CTN (10 and 20 μM) over 3 days exhibited numerical chromosomal aberrations. Short-term (3 days) and long-term (30 days) exposures to CTN significantly promoted mitotic spindle abnormalities, wound healing, cell migration, and anchorage-independent growth in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. Short-term exposure to 10 and 20 μM CTN increased the number of migrated cells on day 10 by 1.7 and 1.9 times, respectively. The number of anchorage-independent colonies increased from 2.2 ± 1.3 to 7.8 ± 0.6 after short-term exposure to 20 μM CTN and from 2.0 ± 1.0 to 12.0 ± 1.2 after long-term exposure. The transcriptomic profiles of CTN-treated HEK293 were subjected to over-representative analysis (ORA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Short-term exposure to CTN promoted the RTK/KRAS/RAF/MAPK cascade, while long-term exposure altered the extracellular matrix organization. Both short- and long-term CTN exposure activated cancer and cell cycle-related signaling pathways. These results demonstrate the carcinogenic potential of CTN in human cells and provide valuable insights into the cancer risk associated with CTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Feng Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Tzu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ju Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yih Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402306, Taiwan
| | - Biing-Hui Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
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5
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Abudayyak M, Karaman EF, Ozden S. Mechanisms underlying citrinin-induced toxicity via oxidative stress and apoptosis-mediated by mitochondrial-dependent pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:944-954. [PMID: 36065904 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2113095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Citrinin (CIT) is a mycotoxin produced as a secondary product by the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Monascus, and other strains. CIT has the potential for contaminating animal feed and human food such as maize, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, cheese, and sake. Although CIT is primarily known as a nephrotoxic mycotoxin, it also affects other organs, including the liver and bone marrow, and its mechanisms of toxicity have not been clearly elucidated. There is a further lack of studies investigating the potential for CIT-induced neurotoxicity and its mechanisms. In the current study, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line was treated with CIT for 24 h to evaluate various toxicological endpoints, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis induction. Results indicate that CIT has an IC50 value of 250.90 μM and cell proliferation decreased significantly at 50 and 100 μM CIT concentrations. These same concentrations also caused elevated ROS production (≥34.76%), apoptosis (≥9.43-fold) and calcium ion mobilization (≥36.52%) in the cells. Results show a significant decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (≥86.8%). We also found that CIT significantly upregulated the expression of some genes related to oxidative stress and apoptosis, while downregulating others. These results suggest that apoptosis and oxidative stress may be involved in the mechanisms underlying CIT-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abudayyak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ecem Fatma Karaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ozden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Wu J, Wu Y, Fan H, Yang C, Yang M, Kong X, Ning C, Wang S, Xiao W, Wang N, Yi J, Yuan Z. Citrinin Exposure Induced Testicular Damage and Spermatogenesis Disorder by Triggering Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081616. [PMID: 37107412 PMCID: PMC10137750 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to the reproductive system is the key factor leading to male infertility. Citrinin (CTN) is produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus in nature, and is definitely found in food and animal feed. Studies have revealed that CTN can cause damage to male reproductive organs and reduce fertility, but the mechanism of toxicity has not been revealed. In the present study, male Kunming mice were given different doses of CTN (0, 1.25, 5 or 20 mg/kg BW) by intragastric administration. The results demonstrated that CTN exposure caused disorder of androgen, a decline in sperm quality, and histopathological damage of testis. The inhibition of the expression of ZO-1, claudin-1 and occludin suggests that the blood-testis barrier (BTB) was damaged. Simultaneously, CTN inhibited the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as CAT and SOD, and promoted the production of MDA and ROS, resulting in oxidative damage of testis. Additionally, apoptotic cells were detected and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was increased. Not only that, CTN activated the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related proteins IRE1, ATF6, CHOP, and GRP78. Interestingly, 4-Phenylbutyric Acid (4-PBA, an ERS inhibitor) treatment blocked the adverse effects of CTN exposure on male reproduction. In short, the findings suggested that CTN exposure can cause damage to mouse testis tissue, in which ERS exhibited an important regulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - You Wu
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chenglin Yang
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mengran Yang
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Can Ning
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenguang Xiao
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Naidong Wang
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jine Yi
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhihang Yuan
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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7
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Ichinomiya M, Kawamoto A, Yamaguchi T, Iwashita K, Nagashima H, Hatabayashi H, Nakajima H, Yabe K. Detoxication of Citrinin with Kojic Acid by the Formation of the Citrinin-Kojic Acid Adduct, and the Enhancement of Kojic Acid Production by Citrinin via Oxidative Stress in Aspergillus parasiticus. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:51. [PMID: 36675872 PMCID: PMC9863397 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous work showed that citrinin (CTN) produced bay Penicillium citrinum inhibited the production of aflatoxin by Aspergillus parasiticus. We also reported that CTN was non-enzymatically converted to a novel CTN-KA adduct with kojic acid (KA) in aqueous condition. We herein observed that unlike CTN, the CTN-KA adduct does not show antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis or any cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells, suggesting that CTN was detoxified by KA by the formation of the CTN-KA adduct. To examine the function of KA production by fungi, we isolated A. parasiticus mutants with impaired KA production. When the mutants were incubated in either liquid or agar medium supplemented with CTN, they were more susceptible to CTN than the wild KA-producing strain. The same results were obtained when we used the A. oryzae KA-producing strain RIB40 and KA-non-producing strains. When KA was added to the CTN-containing agar medium, the inhibition of growth by CTN was remarkably mitigated, suggesting that the production of KA protected the fungal growth from CTN's toxicity. We also observed that CTN enhanced the production of KA by A. parasiticus as well as A. oryzae strains. Reverse transcription-PCR showed that CTN enhanced the expression of KA biosynthetic genes (kojA, kojR, and kojT) of A. parasiticus. However, the enhancement of KA production with CTN was repressed by the addition of α-tocopherol or butylated hydroxy anisole, suggesting that KA production is enhanced by oxidative stress via the formation of reactive oxygen species caused by CTN. In contrast, α-tocopherol did not affect inhibition of AF production as well as fungal growth by CTN, suggesting that the regulation of these inhibitions with CTN might be different from that of KA production. We propose a regulation scheme of CTN for each of KA production, AF production, and fungal growth in A. parasiticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Ichinomiya
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannon-dai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kawamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Koyama, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Food Science, Fukui University of Technology, 3-6-1 Gakuen, Fukui-shi, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwashita
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannon-dai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagashima
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannon-dai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Hidemi Hatabayashi
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannon-dai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakajima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Koyama, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yabe
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannon-dai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Food Science, Fukui University of Technology, 3-6-1 Gakuen, Fukui-shi, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
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8
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Sun N, Yang T, Tang Y, Zhao Y, Wang H, Zhao S, Tan H, Li L, Fan H. Lycopene Alleviates Chronic Stress-Induced Liver Injury by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway Apoptosis in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14414-14426. [PMID: 36318656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The liver is the major organ of metabolism and is extremely vulnerable to chronic stress. Lycopene (LYC) is a natural carotenoid with potent antioxidant and chronic disease potential. However, whether LYC protects against chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced liver injury and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, rats were restrained for 21 days for 6 h per day, with or without gavage of LYC (10 mg/kg). Serum ALT (85.99 ± 4.07 U/L) and AST (181.78 ± 7.35 U/L) and scores of liver injury were significantly increased in the CRS group. LYC significantly promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, elevated the expression of antioxidant genes, and attenuated reactive oxygen radicals (ROS) levels within the liver. Cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and molecular docking results indicated that LYC competitively binds to Keap1 with the lowest molecule affinity of -9.0 kcal/mol. Moreover, LYC significantly relieved the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum swelling and decreased the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) hallmarks like GRP78, CHOP, and cleaved caspase-12. Meanwhile, LYC also mitigated CRS-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. Interestingly, every other day, the intraperitoneal injection of the Nrf2 inhibitor brusatol (0.4 mg/kg) significantly counteracted the protective effect of LYC. In conclusion, LYC protects against CRS-induced liver injury by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, scavenging ROS, and further attenuating ERS-associated apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Tianyuan Yang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Tang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Shuping Zhao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Haoyang Tan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Honggang Fan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
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Study on the Mechanism of Mesaconitine-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats Based on Metabonomics and Toxicology Network. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070486. [PMID: 35878224 PMCID: PMC9322933 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesaconitine (MA), one of the main diterpenoid alkaloids in Aconitum, has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as analgesia, anti-inflammation and relaxation of rat aorta. However, MA is a highly toxic ingredient. At present, studies on its toxicity are mainly focused on the heart and central nervous system, and there are few reports on the hepatotoxic mechanism of MA. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of MA administration on liver. SD rats were randomly divided into a normal saline (NS) group, a low-dose MA group (0.8 mg/kg/day) and a high-dose MA group (1.2 mg/kg/day). After 6 days of administration, the toxicity of MA on the liver was observed. Metabolomic and network toxicology methods were combined to explore the effect of MA on the liver of SD rats and the mechanism of hepatotoxicity in this study. Through metabonomics study, the differential metabolites of MA, such as L-phenylalanine, retinyl ester, L-proline and 5-hydroxyindole acetaldehyde, were obtained, which involved amino acid metabolism, vitamin metabolism, glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. Based on network toxicological analysis, MA can affect HIF-1 signal pathway, MAPK signal pathway, PI3K-Akt signal pathway and FoxO signal pathway by regulating ALB, AKT1, CASP3, IL2 and other targets. Western blot results showed that protein expression of HMOX1, IL2 and caspase-3 in liver significantly increased after MA administration (p < 0.05). Combined with the results of metabonomics and network toxicology, it is suggested that MA may induce hepatotoxicity by activating oxidative stress, initiating inflammatory reaction and inducing apoptosis.
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