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Yu Y, Kim YH, Cho WH, Kim D, So MW, Son BS, Yeo HJ. Unique Changes in the Lung Microbiome following the Development of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction. Microorganisms 2024; 12:287. [PMID: 38399691 PMCID: PMC10893466 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of lung microbiome changes in developing chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) after lung transplantation is poorly understood. The lung microbiome-immune interaction may be critical in developing CLAD. In this context, examining alterations in the microbiome and immune cells of the lungs following CLAD, in comparison to the lung condition immediately after transplantation, can offer valuable insights. Four adult patients who underwent lung retransplantation between January 2019 and June 2020 were included in this study. Lung tissues were collected from the same four individuals at two different time points: at the time of the first transplant and at the time of the explantation of CLAD lungs at retransplantation due to CLAD. We analyzed whole-genome sequencing using the Kraken2 algorithm and quantified the cell fractionation from the bulk tissue gene expression profile for each lung tissue. Finally, we compared the differences in lung microbiome and immune cells between the lung tissues of these two time points. The median age of the recipients was 57 years, and most (75%) had undergone lung transplants for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. All patients were administered basiliximab for induction therapy and were maintained on three immunosuppressants. The median CLAD-free survival term was 693.5 days, and the median time to redo the lung transplant was 843.5 days. Bacterial diversity was significantly lower in the CLAD lungs than at transplantation. Bacterial diversity tended to decrease according to the severity of the CLAD. Aerococcus, Caldiericum, Croceibacter, Leptolyngbya, and Pulveribacter genera were uniquely identified in CLAD, whereas no taxa were identified in lungs at transplantation. In particular, six taxa, including Croceibacter atlanticus, Caldiserium exile, Dolichospermum compactum, Stappia sp. ES.058, Kinetoplastibacterium sorsogonicusi, and Pulveribacter suum were uniquely detected in CLAD. Among immune cells, CD8+ T cells were significantly increased, while neutrophils were decreased in the CLAD lung. In conclusion, unique changes in lung microbiome and immune cell composition were confirmed in lung tissue after CLAD compared to at transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeuni Yu
- Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Woo Hyun Cho
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dohyung Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min Wook So
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bong Soo Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hye Ju Yeo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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Raptová P, Skočková V, Babica P, Sovadinová I, Sychrová E, Vídeňská P, Šplíchalová P, Vašíček O, Šindlerová L. Cyanobacterial bloom-associated lipopolysaccharides induce pro-inflammatory processes in keratinocytes in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 105:104342. [PMID: 38092246 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that CyanoHAB LPS (lipopolysaccharides) and LPS from cyanobacterial cultures induce pro-inflammatory effects on intestinal epithelial and immune cells in vitro. To expand our understanding, we investigated their impact on human keratinocytes, which are targeted during water recreational activities. LPS samples were isolated from CyanoHAB biomasses dominated by Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Planktothrix, and Dolichospermum, or from axenic cultures of these genera. We identified two CyanoHAB biomasses containing a high proportion of Gram-negative bacteria, including potentially pathogenic genera. These biomasses showed the highest induction of interleukin (IL) 8, IL-6, C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 2 (also known as MCP-1), and CCL20 production by HaCaT cells. Interestingly, all CyanoHAB-derived LPS and LPS from axenic cultures (except for Microcystis) accelerated cell proliferation and migration. Our findings highlight the role of G- bacteria composition and LPS structural disparities in influencing these effects, with implications for skin health during recreational activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Raptová
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 61200, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - V Skočková
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 61200, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - P Babica
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Phycology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 60200, Czech Republic.
| | - I Sovadinová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - E Sychrová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - P Vídeňská
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - P Šplíchalová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - O Vašíček
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 61200, Czech Republic.
| | - L Šindlerová
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 61200, Czech Republic.
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Labohá P, Sychrová E, Brózman O, Sovadinová I, Bláhová L, Prokeš R, Ondráček J, Babica P. Cyanobacteria, cyanotoxins and lipopolysaccharides in aerosols from inland freshwater bodies and their effects on human bronchial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 98:104073. [PMID: 36738853 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Components of cyanobacterial water blooms were quantified in aerosols above agitated water surfaces of five freshwater bodies. The thoracic and respirable aerosol fraction (0.1-10 µm) was sampled using a high-volume sampler. Cyanotoxins microcystins were detected by LC-MS/MS at levels 0.3-13.5 ng/mL (water) and < 35-415 fg/m3 (aerosol). Lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) were quantified by Pyrogene rFC assay at levels < 10-119 EU/mL (water) and 0.13-0.64 EU/m3 (aerosol). Cyanobacterial DNA was detected by qPCR at concentrations corresponding to 104-105 cells eq./mL (water) and 101-103 cells eq./m3 (aerosol). Lipopolysaccharides isolated from bloom samples induced IL-6 and IL-8 cytokine release in human bronchial epithelial cells Beas-2B, while extracted cyanobacterial metabolites induced both pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects. Bloom components detected in aerosols and their bioactivities observed in upper respiratory airway epithelial cells together indicate that aerosols formed during cyanobacterial water blooms could induce respiratory irritation and inflammatory injuries, and thus present an inhalation health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Labohá
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Sychrová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Brózman
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Sovadinová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bláhová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Prokeš
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Atmospheric Matter Fluxes and Long-range Transport, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Ondráček
- Department of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 135, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Babica
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Phycology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Cyanobacterial Harmful Bloom Lipopolysaccharides Induce Pro-Inflammatory Effects in Immune and Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030169. [PMID: 36977060 PMCID: PMC10058507 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Freshwater cyanobacterial harmful blooms (CyanoHABs) produce a variety of toxic and bioactive compounds including lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). The gastrointestinal tract can be exposed to them via contaminated water even during recreational activities. However, there is no evidence of an effect of CyanoHAB LPSs on intestinal cells. We isolated LPSs of four CyanoHABs dominated by different cyanobacterial species and LPSs of four laboratory cultures representing the respective dominant cyanobacterial genera. Two intestinal and one macrophage cell lines were used to detect in vitro pro-inflammatory activity of the LPS. All LPSs isolated from CyanoHABs and laboratory cultures induced cytokines production in at least one in vitro model, except for LPSs from the Microcystis PCC7806 culture. LPSs isolated from cyanobacteria showed unique migration patterns in SDS-PAGE that were qualitatively distinct from those of endotoxins from Gram-negative bacteria. There was no clear relationship between the biological activity of the LPS and the share of genomic DNA of Gram-negative bacteria in the respective biomass. Thus, the total share of Gram-negative bacteria, or the presence of Escherichia coli-like LPSs, did not explain the observed pro-inflammatory activities. The pro-inflammatory properties of environmental mixtures of LPSs from CyanoHABs indicate their human health hazards, and further attention should be given to their assessment and monitoring.
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