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Shu Y, Wang H, Jiang H, Zhou S, Zhang L, Ding Z, Hong P, He J, Wu H. Pleurotus ostreatus polysaccharide-mediated modulation of skin damage caused by microcystin-LR in tadpoles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123440. [PMID: 38290654 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with edible mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)-derived polysaccharides on microcystin leucine-arginine (MC-LR)-induced skin damage in Pelophylax nigromaculatus tadpoles. Tadpoles were exposed to 1 μg/L daily MC-LR, with or without 5.0 g/kg of dietary P. ostreatus polysaccharides, for 30 days. P. ostreatus polysaccharide supplementation significantly increased the dermal collagen fibrils, increased tight junction protein gene expression, decreased the amount of MC-LR accumulation in skin tissues, attenuated oxidative stress, downregulated apoptosis-associated gene transcription, decreased eosinophil numbers, and downregulated transcription of inflammation-related genes (e.g. TLR4, NF-κB, and TNF-α). The composition of the skin commensal microbiota of MC-LR-exposed tadpoles supplemented with P. ostreatus polysaccharides was similar to that of the no-treatment control group. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content was positively correlated with the abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, including Chryseobacterium and Thauera. Therefore, P. ostreatus polysaccharides may alleviate MC-LR-induced skin barrier damage in tadpoles in two ways: 1) attenuation of oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis mediated by increased glutathione (GSH) content and total superoxide dismutase activity; and 2) alteration of the skin commensal microbiota composition to attenuate the LPS/Toll-like receptor 4 inflammatory pathway response. Furthermore, P. ostreatus polysaccharides may increase skin GSH synthesis by promoting glycine production via the gut microbiota and may restore the MC-LR-damaged skin resistance to pathogenic bacteria by increasing antimicrobial peptide transcripts and lysozyme activity. This study highlights for the first time the potential application of P. ostreatus polysaccharides, an ecologically active substance, in mitigating the skin damage induced by MC-LR exposure, and may provide new insights for its further development in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Shu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Huiling Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Shiwen Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Zifang Ding
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Pei Hong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Jun He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China; Department of Pathology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
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Wu H, Yuan X, Gao J, Xie M, Tian X, Xiong Z, Song R, Xie Z, Ou D. Conventional Anthelmintic Concentration of Deltamethrin Immersion Disorder in the Gill Immune Responses of Crucian Carp. TOXICS 2023; 11:743. [PMID: 37755753 PMCID: PMC10534886 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Current treatment strategies for parasitic infectious diseases in crucian carp primarily rely on chemotherapy. As a commonly used antiparasitic agent, deltamethrin (DEL) may have the potential adverse effects on external mucosa of fish such as gills. In this study, 180 healthy juvenile crucian carp (Carassius auratus) (average weight: 8.8 ± 1.0 g) were randomly divided into three groups for 28 days, which were immersed in 0 μg/L, 0.3 μg/L, and 0.6 μg/L of DEL, respectively. The results of histological analysis revealed that severe hyperplasia in the secondary lamellae of gills was observed, and the number of goblet (mucus-secreting) cells increased significantly after DEL immersion. TUNEL staining indicated that the number of apoptotic cells increased in crucian carp gill. At the molecular level, the mRNA expression analysis revealed significant upregulation of apoptosis (caspase 3, caspase 8, and bax), autophagy (atg5 and beclin-1), and immune response (lzm, muc5, il-6, il-8, il-10, tnfα, ifnγ, tgfβ, tlr4, myd88, and nf-kb), whereas tight junction-related genes (occludin and claudin12) were downregulated after DEL immersion, suggesting that DEL immersion altered innate immunity responses and promoted mucus secretion. Moreover, tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics revealed that a total of 428 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) contained 341 upregulated DEPs and 87 downregulated DEPs with function annotation were identified between the control and DEL groups. Functional analyses revealed that the DEPs were enriched in apoptotic process, phagosome, and lysosome pathways. Additionally, DEL immersion also drove gill microbiota to dysbiosis and an increase in potentially harmful bacteria such as Flavobacterium. Overall, this study showed that DEL elicited shifts in the immune response and changes in the surface microbiota of fish. These results provide new perspectives on the conventional anthelmintic concentration of DEL immersion disorder of the gill immune microenvironment in crucian carp and theoretical support for future optimization of their practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rui Song
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China; (H.W.); (X.Y.); (J.G.); (M.X.); (X.T.); (Z.X.); (Z.X.); (D.O.)
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Wang W, Zhang H, Wei L, Ma Y, Jiang H, Yuen CNT, Zhang J, Wu H, Shu Y. Microcystin-leucine arginine causes brain injury and functional disorder in Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles by oxidative stress and inflammation. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 258:106509. [PMID: 36989925 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) is a toxin commonly found in eutrophic waters worldwide, but its potential effects on amphibian brain toxicity and exposure mechanisms are unclear. In this study, Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles were exposed to MC-LR for 30 days at realistic ambient concentrations (0, 0.5, and 2 µg/L) to reveal its effects on brain health. The MC-LR bioaccumulation in the brain increased in dependence on the concentration of MC-LR exposure. Exposure to 0.5 and 2 µg/L MC-LR resulted in a significant down-regulation of the expression of structural components of the blood-brain barrier (CLDN1), while the expression of genes associated with inflammation (NLRP3, TNF, IL-1β, and CXCL12) was significantly up-regulated with increased number of eosinophils. In the hippocampal and hypothalamic regions, the number of vacuolated neuropils increased with increasing MC-LR exposure concentration, while the expression of genes associated with neuronal development (LGALS1, CACNA2D2, and NLGN4X) and neurotransmitter transmission (SLC6A13 and AChE) was significantly down-regulated. Moreover, the levels of neurotransmitters (5-HT, glutamate, GABA, and ACh) were significantly reduced. These results provide strong evidence that MC-LR exposure at realistic ambient concentrations of 0.5 and 2 µg/L can break the blood-brain barrier and raise the accumulation of MC-LR in the brain tissue, causing structural damage and functional disorder to brain neurons. Further, based on transcriptomic and biochemical analysis, it was revealed that MC-LR exposure induces DNA damage through oxidative stress and may be an important pathway causing brain structural damage and functional disorder. Overall, this study demonstrates the significant effects of MC-LR on the brain tissue of amphibians, highlighting the sensitivity of amphibians to MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Luting Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Huiling Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Calista N T Yuen
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jihui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Biology Engineering, Wuhu Institute of Technology, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Yilin Shu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
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