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Ghanati K, Basaran B, Abedini A, Akbari-adergani B, Akbari N, Sadighara P. Zearalenone, an estrogenic component, in bovine milk, amount and detection method; A systematic review and meta-analysis. Toxicol Rep 2024; 13:101688. [PMID: 39070158 PMCID: PMC11277727 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) and its metabolites are a potent component with estrogenic potential that can enter milk. ZEN and its metabolites have the ability to disturb the function of endocrine glands. The aim of this systematic review was to estimate the level of ZEN and its metabolites in milk. This study was performed with these keywords; zearalenone, ZEN, bovine milk, ruminant milk, milk, dairy products, and milk product in various databases. 946 manuscripts were collected from databases and at the end, 17 manuscripts were reviewed according to the inclusion criteria. ZEN was identified in 59 % of studies. The most common methods of analysis were UHPLC, HPLC and ELISA. Meta-analysis was performed with CMA (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis) software. No publication bias was observed in meta- analysis. But, heterogeneity was recorded between studies. The measurement method was identified as one of the sources of heterogeneity through meta-regression tests and subgroup analysis. Furthermore, in meta- analysis test, the total estimate of milk contamination with this mycotoxin was 0.036±0.017 µg/L. So far, the permissible limit for this compound in milk has not been announced, but these compounds have the ability to disturb the endocrine glands in low amounts. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly measure and control this mycotoxin and its metabolite in milk with valid methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiandokht Ghanati
- Department of food science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (NNFTRI) and Food safety research center, Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Burhan Basaran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53100, Turkiye
| | - Amirhossein Abedini
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Akbari-adergani
- Water Safety Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Akbari
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Sadighara
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Qiu T, Zhang H, Lei H, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Shen X, Xu B, Zhu J, Xiao W, Zheng J, Chen J. Preparation of Anti-Zearalenone IgY and Development of an Indirect Competitive ELISA Method for the Measurement of Zearalenone in Post-Fermented Tea. Foods 2023; 12:4478. [PMID: 38137282 PMCID: PMC10742412 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-fermented tea (PFT) is one of the most commonly consumed beverages worldwide. Rapid microbial growth and significant changes in the microbial composition of PFT during processing and storage pose a potential risk of contamination with mycotoxins such as zearalenone (ZEN). Screening for ZEN contamination in a simple, rapid, and inexpensive manner is required to ensure that PFT is safe for consumption. To monitor ZEN in PFT, ZEN was conjugated with bovine serum albumin to prepare egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY). A specific indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) based on IgY was developed and validated. ZEN was extracted with acetonitrile and water (50:50, v/v) containing 5% acetic acid and purified using a mixture of primary and secondary amines and graphitized carbon black to remove matrix interference from the PFT samples. Under optimal conditions, the linear range of this assay was 13.8-508.9 ng mL-1, the limit of detection was 9.3 ng mL-1, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration was 83.8 ng mL-1. Cross-reactivity was negligible, and the assay was specific for ZEN-related molecules. The recovery rate of ZEN in the control blanks of PFT samples spiked with a defined concentration of ZEN of 89.5% to 98.0%. The recovery and accuracy of the method were qualified for PFT matrices. No significant differences were evident between the results of the actual PFT samples analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and ic-ELISA. The collective data indicate that the developed ic-ELISA can be used for the rapid and simple detection of ZEN in PFT products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Qiu
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (W.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Huayi Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (W.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (W.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Biyun Xu
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (W.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jialin Zhu
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (W.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Wentao Xiao
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (W.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jixu Zheng
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (T.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (W.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiahong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.)
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Nešić K, Habschied K, Mastanjević K. Modified Mycotoxins and Multitoxin Contamination of Food and Feed as Major Analytical Challenges. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:511. [PMID: 37624268 PMCID: PMC10467123 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins, as natural products of molds, are often unavoidable contaminants of food and feed, to which the increasingly evident climate changes contribute a large part. The consequences are more or less severe and range from economic losses to worrying health problems to a fatal outcome. One of the best preventive approaches is regular monitoring of food and feed for the presence of mycotoxins. However, even under conditions of frequent, comprehensive, and conscientious controls, the desired protection goal may not be achieved. In fact, it often happens that, despite favorable analytical results that do not indicate high mycotoxin contamination, symptoms of their presence occur in practice. The most common reasons for this are the simultaneous presence of several different mycotoxins whose individual content does not exceed the detectable or prescribed values and/or the alteration of the form of the mycotoxin, which renders it impossible to be analytically determined using routine methods. When such contaminated foods enter a living organism, toxic effects occur. This article aims to shed light on the above problems in order to pay more attention to them, work to reduce their impact, and, eventually, overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Nešić
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Food and Feed Department, Smolućska 11, 11070 Beograd, Serbia
| | - Kristina Habschied
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Krešimir Mastanjević
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
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