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Yuan J, Zhao Q, Li J, Wen Y, Wu R, Zhao S, Lang YF, Yan QG, Huang X, Du S, Cao SJ. CXCL8 Knockout: A Key to Resisting Pasteurella multocida Toxin-Induced Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5330. [PMID: 38791369 PMCID: PMC11121343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida, a zoonotic pathogen that produces a 146-kDa modular toxin (PMT), causes progressive atrophic rhinitis with severe turbinate bone degradation in pigs. However, its mechanism of cytotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, we expressed PMT, purified it in a prokaryotic expression system, and found that it killed PK15 cells. The host factor CXCL8 was significantly upregulated among the differentially expressed genes in a transcriptome sequencing analysis and qPCR verification. We constructed a CXCL8-knockout cell line with a CRISPR/Cas9 system and found that CXCL8 knockout significantly increased resistance to PMT-induced cell apoptosis. CXCL8 knockout impaired the cleavage efficiency of apoptosis-related proteins, including Caspase3, Caspase8, and PARP1, as demonstrated with Western blot. In conclusion, these findings establish that CXCL8 facilitates PMT-induced PK15 cell death, which involves apoptotic pathways; this observation documents that CXCL8 plays a key role in PMT-induced PK15 cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Yuan
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi-Fei Lang
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qi-Gui Yan
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Senyan Du
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - San-Jie Cao
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Xiao H, Zhao Q, Yuan J, Liang W, Wu R, Wen Y, Du S, Wang Y, Zhao S, Lang Y, Yan Q, Huang X, Cao S. IFN-γ promotes PANoptosis in Pasteurella multocida toxin-induced pneumonia in mice. Vet Microbiol 2023; 285:109848. [PMID: 37722207 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates diverse biological functions, including modulation of inflammatory response and innate and adaptive immunity. In our study, we found that IFN-γ plays an important role in the regulation of Pasteurella multocida toxin-associated pneumonia. In work described here, we demonstrated that rPMT induced a lethal pneumonia in WT mice and the severity of the pneumonia was substantially alleviated in IFN-γ-deficient mice, IFN-γ deficiency significantly elevated the survival rate and reduced the pathological lesions of the lungs after rPMT challenged. Notably, IFN-γ deficiency significantly decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression abundance in the lung tissue, and the MPO was mainly expressed in the lung tissue injury region of WT mice. More importantly, IFN-γ deficiency impaired the activation of PANoptosis specific markers, including the caspase 3, GSDMD, and MLKL, and reduced the expression of IL-1β. Cumulatively, this study demonstrates that IFN-γ promotes PANoptosis in PMT induced pneumonia in mice, providing a basis for studying the pathogenic mechanism of PMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xiao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Senyan Du
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yifei Lang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Chakraborty S, Handrick B, Yu D, Bode KA, Hafner A, Schenz J, Schaack D, Uhle F, Tachibana T, Kamitani S, Vogl T, Kubatzky KF. Gα q modulates the energy metabolism of osteoclasts. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1016299. [PMID: 36699722 PMCID: PMC9869164 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1016299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The bacterial protein toxin Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) mediates RANKL-independent osteoclast differentiation. Although these osteoclasts are smaller, their resorptive activity is high which helps in efficient destruction of nasal turbinate bones of pigs. Methods The proteome of bone marrow-derived macrophages differentiated into osteoclasts with either RANKL or PMT was analysed. The results were verified by characterizing the metabolic activity using Seahorse analysis, a protein translation assay, immunoblots, real-time PCR as well as flow cytometry-based monitoring of mitochondrial activity and ROS production. A Gαq overexpression system using ER-Hoxb8 cells was used to identify Gαq-mediated metabolic effects on osteoclast differentiation and function. Results PMT induces the upregulation of metabolic pathways, which included strong glycolytic activity, increased expression of GLUT1 and upregulation of the mTOR pathway. As OxPhos components were expressed more efficiently, cells also displayed increased mitochondrial respiration. The heterotrimeric G protein Gαq plays a central role in this hypermetabolic cell activation as it triggers mitochondrial relocalisation of pSerSTAT3 and an increase in OPA1 expression. This seems to be caused by a direct interaction between STAT3 and OPA1 resulting in enhanced mitochondrial respiration. Overexpression of Gαq mimicked the hypermetabolic phenotype observed for PMT-induced osteoclasts and resulted in higher glycolytic and mitochondrial activity as well as increased bone resorptive activity. In addition, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients showed an increase in GNAQ expression, especially in the synovial fluid. Discussion Our study suggests that Gαq plays a key role in PMT-induced osteoclastogenesis. Enhanced expression of GNAQ at the site of inflammation in RA patients indicates its pathophysiological relevance in the context of inflammatory bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Chakraborty
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bianca Handrick
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dayoung Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konrad A. Bode
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Hafner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Judith Schenz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Schaack
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Uhle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Taro Tachibana
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kamitani
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina F. Kubatzky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Kubatzky KF. Pasteurella multocida toxin - lessons learned from a mitogenic toxin. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1058905. [PMID: 36591313 PMCID: PMC9800868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The gram-negative, zoonotic bacterium Pasteurella multocida was discovered in 1880 and found to be the causative pathogen of fowl cholera. Pasteurella-related diseases can be found in domestic and wild life animals such as buffalo, sheep, goat, deer and antelope, cats, dogs and tigers and cause hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle, rhinitis or pneumonia in rabbits or fowl cholera in poultry and birds. Pasteurella multocida does not play a major role in the immune-competent human host, but can be found after animal bites or in people with close contact to animals. Toxigenic strains are most commonly found in pigs and express a phage-encoded 146 kDa protein, the Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT). Toxin-expressing strains cause atrophic rhinitis where nasal turbinate bones are destroyed through the inhibition of bone building osteoblasts and the activation of bone resorbing osteoclasts. After its uptake through receptor-mediated endocytosis, PMT specifically targets the alpha subunit of several heterotrimeric G proteins and constitutively activates them through deamidation of a glutamine residue to glutamate in the alpha subunit. This results in cytoskeletal rearrangement, proliferation, differentiation and survival of cells. Because of the toxin's mitogenic effects, it was suggested that it might have carcinogenic properties, however, no link between Pasteurella infections and cell transformation could be established, neither in tissue culture models nor through epidemiological data. In the recent years it was shown that the toxin not only affects bone, but also the heart as well as basically all cells of innate and adaptive immunity. During the last decade the focus of research shifted from signal transduction processes to understanding how the bacteria might benefit from a bone-destroying toxin. The primary function of PMT seems to be the modulation of immune cell activation which at the same time creates an environment permissive for osteoclast formation. While the disease is restricted to pigs, the implications of the findings from PMT research can be used to explore human diseases and have a high translational potential. In this review our current knowledge will be summarized and it will be discussed what can be learned from using PMT as a tool to understand human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina F. Kubatzky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Pasteurella multocida Toxin Aggravates Ligatured-Induced Periodontal Bone Loss and Inflammation via NOD-Like Receptor Protein 3 Inflammasome. Cell Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3305695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is reportedly involved in periodontal pathogenesis. Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) is the major virulence factor of Pasteurella multocida strains, which belongs to the nonoral gram-negative facultative rods (GNFR). The existence of GNFR and their toxin may aggravate periodontitis. Therefore, it is important to unclose the regulatory mechanisms of PMT in periodontitis. However, the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome and PMT in periodontitis remain unclear. The results showed that NLRP3 expression was increased in periodontitis mice by immunohistochemical staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Nlrp3-/- mice showed less periodontal bone loss and lower abundances of Pasteurella multocida by 16S rRNA sequencing. PMT promoted NLRP3 expressions by activating nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of B cells (NF-κB) pathway and activated NLRP3 inflammasome. This effect was reversed by NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. Furthermore, PMT aggravated periodontal bone loss and inflammation in WT mice, while MCC950 attenuated periodontal bone loss and inflammation. The Nlrp3-/- periodontitis models with PMT local injection showed less bone loss and inflammation compared with WT periodontitis mice after PMT treatment. Taken together, our results showed that PMT aggravates periodontal response to the ligature by promoting NLRP3 expression and activating NLRP3 inflammasome, suggesting that NLRP3 may be an effective target for the treatment of periodontitis caused by GNFR and MCC950 may be a potential drug against this disease.
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Varela-Chavez C, Blondel A, Popoff MR. Bacterial intracellularly active toxins: Membrane localisation of the active domain. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13213. [PMID: 32353188 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Numerous bacterial toxins exert their activity by inactivating or modulating a specific intracellular host target. For this purpose, these toxins have developed efficient strategies to overcome the different host cell defences including specific binding to cell surface, internalisation, passage through the endosome or plasma membrane, exploiting intracellular trafficking and addressing to intracellular targets. Several intracellularly active toxins deliver an active domain into the cytosol that interacts with a target localised to the inner face of the plasma membrane. Thus, the large clostridial glucosylating toxins (LCGTs) target Rho/Ras-GTPases, certain virulence factors of Gram negative bacteria, Rho-GTPases, while Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) targets trimeric G-proteins. Others such as botulinum neurotoxins and tetanus neurotoxin have their substrate on synaptic vesicle membrane. LCGTs, PMT, and certain virulence factors from Vibrio sp. show a particular structure constituted of a four-helix bundle membrane (4HBM) protruding from the catalytic site that specifically binds to the membrane phospholipids and then trap the catalytic domain at the proximity of the membrane anchored substrate. Structural and functional analysis indicate that the 4HBM tip of the Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin (TcsL) from the LCGT family contain two loops forming a cavity that mediates the binding to phospholipids and more specifically to phosphatidylserine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnaud Blondel
- Unité de Bio-Informatique Structurale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Silbergleit M, Vasquez AA, Miller CJ, Sun J, Kato I. Oral and intestinal bacterial exotoxins: Potential linked to carcinogenesis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 171:131-193. [PMID: 32475520 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that imbalances in resident microbes (dysbiosis) can promote chronic inflammation, immune-subversion, and production of carcinogenic metabolites, thus leading to neoplasia. Yet, evidence to support a direct link of individual bacteria species to human sporadic cancer is still limited. This chapter focuses on several emerging bacterial toxins that have recently been characterized for their potential oncogenic properties toward human orodigestive cancer and the presence of which in human tissue samples has been documented. These include cytolethal distending toxins produced by various members of gamma and epsilon Proteobacteria, Dentilisin from mammalian oral Treponema, Pasteurella multocida toxin, two Fusobacterial toxins, FadA and Fap2, Bacteroides fragilis toxin, colibactin, cytotoxic necrotizing factors and α-hemolysin from Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica AvrA. It was clear that these bacterial toxins have biological activities to induce several hallmarks of cancer. Some toxins directly interact with DNA or chromosomes leading to their breakdowns, causing mutations and genome instability, and others modulate cell proliferation, replication and death and facilitate immune evasion and tumor invasion, prying specific oncogene and tumor suppressor pathways, such as p53 and β-catenin/Wnt. In addition, most bacterial toxins control tumor-promoting inflammation in complex and diverse mechanisms. Despite growing laboratory evidence to support oncogenic potential of selected bacterial toxins, we need more direct evidence from human studies and mechanistic data from physiologically relevant experimental animal models, which can reflect chronic infection in vivo, as well as take bacterial-bacterial interactions among microbiome into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian A Vasquez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, Healthy Urban Waters, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Carol J Miller
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, Healthy Urban Waters, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States; Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.
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Cid D, García-Alvarez A, Domínguez L, Fernández-Garayzábal JF, Vela AI. Pasteurella multocida isolates associated with ovine pneumonia are toxigenic. Vet Microbiol 2019; 232:70-73. [PMID: 31030847 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The P. multocida toxin (PMT), a dermonecrotic protein encoded by the toxA gene, is the major virulence factor of capsular type D P. multocida strains causing progressive atrophic rhinitis (PAR) in pigs. A high frequency of P. multocida isolates harboring the toxA gene has been found among ovine pneumonic isolates, although the ability of these isolates to express PMT has never been examined. In this study we have investigated the ability of ovine toxA+ P. multocida isolates (n = 57) to express a functional toxin by detection of PMT toxin antigen using an ELISA test and its cytopathic effect in a Vero cell assay. PMT antigen was expressed in the great majority (54/57; 94.7%) of toxA+ isolates. Moreover, the 100% toxA+ ovine isolates analyzed produced a cytopathic effect in Vero cells within 24-48 h post-inoculation, identical to that described for porcine toxigenic P. multocida isolates. These results show for the first time that, in addition to isolates associated with PAR, isolates of P. multocida associated with pneumonia in sheep are also toxigenic. In addition, we found a total agreement (Kappa = 1; C.I. 0.75-1.25) between the detection of the toxA gene and the toxigenic capability of P. multocida isolates, indicating the PCR detection of toxA would be a suitable predictive marker of the toxigenic fitness of P. multocida.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cid
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
| | - A García-Alvarez
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - L Domínguez
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - J F Fernández-Garayzábal
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - A I Vela
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Influence of Pasteurella multocida Toxin on the differentiation of dendritic cells into osteoclasts. Immunobiology 2017; 223:142-150. [PMID: 29030011 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen-presenting cells that connect the innate and adaptive immune system to ensure an efficient immune response during the course of an infection. Recently, DC came into the spotlight as a potential source of osteoclast progenitors, especially under (auto)inflammatory conditions. The virulence factor Pasteurella multocida Toxin (PMT) causes atrophic rhinitis in pigs, a disease characterised by a severe reduction of nasal bone. Our group and others have shown the potential of PMT in mediating differentiation of monocytes/macrophages into bone-resorbing osteoclasts. However, whether DC are target cells for PMT-induced osteoclast differentiation, is currently unknown. Using different murine DC model systems, we investigated the ability of PMT to induce osteoclast formation in DC. Similar to our previous observations in macrophages, PMT was endocytosed by DC and triggered intracellular deamidation of residue Q209 of the Gq alpha subunit. Still, PMT failed to induce prolonged secretion of osteoclastogenic cytokines and osteoclast formation; instead PMT-treated DC secreted interleukin-12 (IL-12), an inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis. In this study, we show that in comparison to bone marrow-derived macrophages, PMT induces maturation of DC through increased expression of the activation markers CD80 and CD86. As maturation of DC prevents their transdifferentiation into osteoclasts, we hypothesize that PMT, a potent osteoclastogenic toxin, fails to trigger osteoclastogenesis in DC due to its effect on DC maturation and IL-12 production.
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Tress B, Dorn ES, Suchodolski JS, Nisar T, Ravindran P, Weber K, Hartmann K, Schulz BS. Bacterial microbiome of the nose of healthy dogs and dogs with nasal disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176736. [PMID: 28459886 PMCID: PMC5411083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of bacterial communities in canine nasal disease has not been studied so far using next generation sequencing methods. Sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes has revealed that the canine upper respiratory tract harbors a diverse microbial community; however, changes in the composition of nasal bacterial communities in dogs with nasal disease have not been described so far. Aim of the study was to characterize the nasal microbiome of healthy dogs and compare it to that of dogs with histologically confirmed nasal neoplasia and chronic rhinitis. Nasal swabs were collected from healthy dogs (n = 23), dogs with malignant nasal neoplasia (n = 16), and dogs with chronic rhinitis (n = 8). Bacterial DNA was extracted and sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was performed. Data were analyzed using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME). A total of 376 Operational Taxonomic Units out of 26 bacterial phyla were detected. In healthy dogs, Moraxella spp. was the most common species, followed by Phyllobacterium spp., Cardiobacteriaceae, and Staphylococcus spp. While Moraxella spp. were significantly decreased in diseased compared to healthy dogs (p = 0.005), Pasteurellaceae were significantly increased (p = 0.001). Analysis of similarities used on the unweighted UniFrac distance metric (p = 0.027) was significantly different when nasal microbial communities of healthy dogs were compared to those of dogs with nasal disease. The study showed that the canine nasal cavity is inhabited by a highly species-rich bacterial community, and suggests significant differences between the nasal microbiome of healthy dogs and dogs with nasal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tress
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tariq Nisar
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Prajesh Ravindran
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Karin Weber
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Hartmann
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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11
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Chakraborty S, Kloos B, Harre U, Schett G, Kubatzky KF. Pasteurella multocida Toxin Triggers RANKL-Independent Osteoclastogenesis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:185. [PMID: 28289415 PMCID: PMC5327351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a continuous process to retain the structural integrity and function of the skeleton. A tight coupling is maintained between osteoclast-mediated resorption of old or damaged bones and osteoblast-mediated formation of new bones for bone homeostasis. While osteoblasts differentiate from mesenchymal stem cells, osteoclasts are hematopoietic in origin and derived from myeloid precursor cells. Osteoclast differentiation is driven by two cytokines, cytokine receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Imbalances in the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts result in the development of bone disorders. Bacterially caused porcine atrophic rhinitis is characterized by a loss of nasal ventral conche bones and a distortion of the snout. While Bordetella bronchiseptica strains cause mild and reversible symptoms, infection of pigs with toxigenic Pasteurella multocida strains causes a severe and irreversible decay. The responsible virulence factor Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) contains a deamidase activity in its catalytical domain that constitutively activates specific heterotrimeric G proteins to induce downstream signaling cascades. While osteoblasts are inhibited by the toxin, osteoclasts are activated, thus skewing bone remodeling toward excessive bone degradation. Still, the mechanism by which PMT interferes with bone homeostasis, and the reason for this unusual target tissue is not yet well understood. Here, we show that PMT has the potential to differentiate bone marrow-derived macrophages into functional osteoclasts. This toxin-mediated differentiation process is independent of RANKL, a cytokine believed to be indispensable for triggering osteoclastogenesis, as addition of osteoprotegerin to PMT-treated macrophages does not show any effect on PMT-induced osteoclast formation. Although RANKL is not a prerequisite, toxin-primed macrophages show enhanced responsiveness to low concentrations of RANKL, suggesting that the PMT-generated microenvironment offers conditions where low concentrations of RANKL lead to an increase in the number of osteoclasts resulting in increased resorption. PMT-mediated release of the osteoclastogenic cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α, but not IL-1, supports the differentiation process. Although the production of cytokines and the subsequent activation of signaling cascades are necessary for PMT-mediated differentiation into osteoclasts, they are not sufficient and PMT-induced activation of G protein signaling is essential for efficient osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Chakraborty
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Bianca Kloos
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Ulrike Harre
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Katharina F Kubatzky
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
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12
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Ataei Kachooei S, Ranjbar MM, Ataei Kachooei S. Evaluation of Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 resistance to immune serum and complement system. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2017; 8:179-184. [PMID: 29085604 PMCID: PMC5653880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Members of gram-negative bacteria family Pasteurellaceae, include a large number of important economically human and veterinary pathogens. Organisms belonging to the family can colonize in mucosal surfaces of the respiratory, alimentary, genital tracts and cause diseases in various mammals, birds, and reptiles. Hemorrhagic septicemia is an acute disease of cattle and buffaloes in tropical countries caused by Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2. In the present study, the possible bactericidal activity of immune calf sera in the presence and absence of complement system was investigated. The results showed that P. multocida B:2 is highly resistant to positive serum, containing high levels of IgG and IgM obtained from calves after vaccination, and complement activity in normal fresh calf serum. This organism also grew rapidly in the normal fresh calf serum and the mixture of positive serum as well as normal fresh calf serum. As a control test an E. coli strain was subjected to the same experiment and found completely sensitive to the bactericidal activity of complement in calf and guinea pig fresh sera. Results were indicative of the presence of inhibitory mechanism(s) in P. multocida B:2 against bactericidal activity of immune calf serum and complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ataei Kachooei
- Department of Bacterial Poultry Diseases, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran;,Correspondence: Saeed Ataei Kachooei. PhD, Department of Bacterial Poultry Diseases, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ranjbar
- Department of Animal Virology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran;
| | - Saba Ataei Kachooei
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kharazmi University, Karaj, Iran
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13
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Einarsdottir T, Gunnarsson E, Sigurdardottir OG, Jorundsson E, Fridriksdottir V, Thorarinsdottir GE, Hjartardottir S. Variability of Pasteurella multocida isolated from Icelandic sheep and detection of the toxA gene. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:897-904. [PMID: 27381564 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida can be part of the upper respiratory flora of animals, but under conditions of stress or immunocompromisation, the bacteria can cause severe respiratory symptoms. In this study, we compared 10 P. multocida isolates from Icelandic sheep with respiratory symptoms and 19 isolates from apparently healthy abattoir sheep. We examined capsule type, genetic variability and the presence of the toxA gene in the two groups. Surprisingly, we found that all ovine P. multocida isolates examined in this study carried the toxA gene, which markedly differs from what has been published from other studies. Interestingly, all isolates from abattoir animals were capsule type D, whilst bacteria isolated from animals with clinical respiratory symptoms had capsule type A, D or F. Examination of seven housekeeping genes indicated that the clinical respiratory isolates were significantly more heterogeneous than the abattoir isolates (P<0.05, two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test). The results suggest that there may be at least two groups of P. multocida in sheep - a genetically homogeneous group that resides in the respiratory tract and a genetically heterogeneous group that is the predominant cause of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorbjorg Einarsdottir
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur, Keldnavegur 3, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland.,BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Eggert Gunnarsson
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur, Keldnavegur 3, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Olof G Sigurdardottir
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur, Keldnavegur 3, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland.,BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Einar Jorundsson
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur, Keldnavegur 3, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland.,BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Vala Fridriksdottir
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur, Keldnavegur 3, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Sigridur Hjartardottir
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur, Keldnavegur 3, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland
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14
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Hildebrand D, Heeg K, Kubatzky KF. Pasteurella multocida Toxin Manipulates T Cell Differentiation. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1273. [PMID: 26635744 PMCID: PMC4652077 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida causes various diseases in a broad range of wild and domestic animals. Toxigenic strains of the serotypes A and D produce an AB protein toxin named Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT). PMT constitutively activates the heterotrimeric G protein subunits Gαq, Gα13, and Gαi through deamidation of a glutamine residue, which results in cytoskeletal rearrangements as well as increased proliferation and survival of the host cell. In human monocytes, PMT alters the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation toward a phenotype that suppresses T cell activation. Here we describe that the toxin also modulates CD4-positive T helper (Th) cells directly. PMT amplifies the expansion of Th cells through enhanced cell cycle progression and suppression of apoptosis and manipulates the differentiation of Th subclasses through activation of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT) family members and induction of subtype-specific master transcription factors. A large population of toxin-treated T cells is double-positive for Foxp3 and RORγt, the transcription factors expressed by Treg and Th17 cells, respectively. This suggests that these cells could have the potential to turn into Th17 cells or suppressive Treg cells. However, in terms of function, the PMT-differentiated cells behave as inflammatory Th17 cells that produce IL-17 and trigger T cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Hildebrand
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Heeg
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina F Kubatzky
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Kloos B, Chakraborty S, Lindner SG, Noack K, Harre U, Schett G, Krämer OH, Kubatzky KF. Pasteurella multocida toxin- induced osteoclastogenesis requires mTOR activation. Cell Commun Signal 2015; 13:40. [PMID: 26369790 PMCID: PMC4570759 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-015-0117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) is a potent inducer of osteoclast formation. Pigs suffering from an infection with toxigenic Pasteurella multocida strains develop atrophic rhinitis characterised by a loss of turbinate bones and conchae. However, on the molecular level the process of bone loss remains largely uncharacterised. Results Recently it was found that PMT activates the serine/threonine kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in fibroblasts. Using RAW264.7 macrophages, we investigated the role of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) in PMT-mediated osteoclast formation. PMT induces the differentiation of RAW264.7 macrophages into multinucleated, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive osteoclasts that are capable to resorb bone. In the presence of the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin, PMT was significantly less able to induce the formation of TRAP-positive osteoclasts. Accordingly, the resulting resorption of bone was strongly reduced. A major target of mTOR is the 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (p70 S6K1). Activated p70 S6K1 decreases the expression of programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4), a negative transcriptional regulator of osteoclastogenesis, at the protein and gene level. Ultimately this results in the activation of c-Jun, a component of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) complex, which is a major transcription factor for the induction of osteoclast-specific genes. We now demonstrate that c-Jun and its downstream target, the osteoclast-specific bone degrading protease cathepsin K, are upregulated upon PMT treatment in an mTOR-dependent manner. Conclusions Activation of mTOR signalling plays a central role in the formation of osteoclasts through the bacterial toxin PMT. On the molecular level, PMT-induced activation of mTOR leads to down regulation of PDCD4, a known repressor of AP-1 complex, culminating in the activation of c-Jun, an essential transcription factor for triggering osteoclastogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12964-015-0117-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Kloos
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sushmita Chakraborty
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonja G Lindner
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Noack
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Department of Biochemistry, University of Jena, Hans Knöll Str. 2, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Harre
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Center of the University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina F Kubatzky
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Hildebrand D, Bode KA, Rieß D, Cerny D, Waldhuber A, Römmler F, Strack J, Korten S, Orth JHC, Miethke T, Heeg K, Kubatzky KF. Granzyme A produces bioactive IL-1β through a nonapoptotic inflammasome-independent pathway. Cell Rep 2014; 9:910-7. [PMID: 25437548 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial components are recognized by the immune system through activation of the inflammasome, eventually causing processing of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1? (IL-1?), a pleiotropic cytokine and one of the most important mediators of inflammation, through the protease caspase-1. Synthesis of the precursor protein and processing into its bioactive form are tightly regulated, given that disturbed control of IL-1? release can cause severe autoinflammatory diseases or contribute to cancer development. We show that the bacterial Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) triggers Il1b gene transcription in macrophages independently of Toll-like receptor signaling through RhoA/Rho-kinase-mediated NF-?? activation. Furthermore, PMT mediates signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein-controlled granzyme A (a serine protease) expression in macrophages. The exocytosed granzyme A enters target cells and mediates IL-1? maturation independently of caspase-1 and without inducing cytotoxicity. These findings show that macrophages can induce an IL-1?-initiated immune response independently of inflammasome activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Hildebrand
- Department für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konrad A Bode
- Department für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Rieß
- Department für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Cerny
- Department für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Waldhuber
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 30, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Franziska Römmler
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 30, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Julia Strack
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simone Korten
- Labor Lademannbogen MVZ GmbH, Lademannbogen 61-63, 22339 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim H C Orth
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Klaus Heeg
- Department für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina F Kubatzky
- Department für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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