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Lu EH, Grimm FA, Rusyn I, De Saeger S, De Boevre M, Chiu WA. Advancing probabilistic risk assessment by integrating human biomonitoring, new approach methods, and Bayesian modeling: A case study with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 182:108326. [PMID: 38000237 PMCID: PMC10898272 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin frequently observed in cereals and cereal-based foods, with reported toxicological effects including reduced body weight, immunotoxicity and reproductive defects. The European Food Safety Authority used traditional risk assessment approaches to derive a deterministic Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) of 1 μg/kg-day, however data from human biomarkers studies indicate widespread and variable exposure worldwide, necessitating more sophisticated and advanced methods to quantify population risk. The World Health Organization/International Programme on Chemical Safety (WHO/IPCS) has previously used DON as a case example in replacing the TDI with a probabilistic toxicity value, using default uncertainty and variability distributions to derive the Human Dose corresponding to an effect size M in the Ith percentile of the population (HDMI) for M = 5 % decrease in body weight and I = 1 %. In this study, we extend this case study by incorporating (1) Bayesian modeling approaches, (2) using both in vivo data and in vitro population new approach methods to replace default distributions for interspecies toxicokinetic (TK) differences and intraspecies TK and toxicodynamic (TD) variability, and (3) integrating biomonitoring data and probabilistic dose-response functions to characterize population risk distributions. We first derive an HDMI of 5.5 [1.4-24] μg/kg-day, also using TK modeling to converted the HDMI to Biomonitoring Equivalents, BEMI for comparison with biomonitoring data, with a blood BEMI of 0.53 [0.17-1.6] μg/L and a urinary excretion BEMI of 3.9 [1.0-16] μg/kg-day. We then illustrate how this integrative approach can advance quantitative risk characterization using two human biomonitoring datasets, estimating both the fraction of population with an effect size M ≥ 5 % as well as the distribution of effect sizes. Overall, we demonstrate that integration of Bayesian modeling, human biomonitoring data, and in vitro population-based TD data within the WHO/IPCS probabilistic framework yields more accurate, precise, and comprehensive risk characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Hsuan Lu
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Fabian A Grimm
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
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Kang R, Qu H, Guo Y, Ji C, Cheng J, Wang Y, Huang S, Zhao L, Ji C, Ma Q. Toxicokinetics of Deoxynivalenol in Dezhou Male Donkeys after Oral Administration. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:426. [PMID: 37505695 PMCID: PMC10467147 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is detected in different types of foods and feeds, inducing toxicity in humans and animals. After entering the organism, DON first appears in the plasma; then, it is rapidly absorbed and distributed in various organs and tends to accumulate in the body to exert its toxic effects. This study was performed to investigate the toxicokinetics of DON on Dezhou male donkeys after a single oral dose of 500 μg/kg·BW (body weight). The plasma of donkeys was collected at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45 min, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h after administration, and the feces and urine were collected at 0 h and at 6 h intervals up to 24 h, followed by 4 h intervals up to 120 h. The concentrations of DON in plasma, urine and feces were determined by HPLC. The peak concentration of DON in plasma was 174.30 μg/L, which occurred at 1.07 h after oral gavage. The recovery of unchanged DON in urine and feces amounted to 19.98% and 6.74%, respectively. Overall, DON was rapidly absorbed and slowly eliminated in donkeys within 120 h following a single oral dose, which can lead to DON accumulation in the body if ingested for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifen Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Honglei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252201, China
| | - Yanxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuanliang Ji
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252201, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252201, China
| | - Yantao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252201, China
| | - Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Sun Y, Jiang J, Mu P, Lin R, Wen J, Deng Y. Toxicokinetics and metabolism of deoxynivalenol in animals and humans. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2639-2654. [PMID: 35900469 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most widespread mycotoxin in food and feedstuffs, posing a persistent health threat to humans and farm animals. The susceptibilities of DON vary significantly among animals, following the order of pigs, mice/rats and poultry from the most to least susceptible. However, no study comprehensively disentangles factors shaping species-specific sensitivity. In this review, the toxicokinetics and metabolism of DON are summarized in animals and humans. Generally, DON is fast-absorbed and widely distributed in multiple organs. DON is first enriched in the plasma, liver and kidney and subsequently accumulates in the intestine. There are also key variations among animals. Pigs and humans are highly sensitive to DON, and they have similar absorption rates (1 h < tmax < 4 h), high bioavailability (> 55%) and long clearance time (2 h < t1/2 < 4 h). Also, both species lack detoxification microorganisms and mainly depend on liver glucuronidation and urine excretion. Mice and rats have similar toxicokinetics (tmax < 0.5 h, t1/2 < 1 h). However, a higher proportion of DON is excreted by feces as DOM-1 in rats than in mice, suggesting an important role of gut microbiota in rats. Poultry is least sensitive to DON due to their fast absorption rate (tmax < 1 h), low oral bioavailability (5-30%), broadly available detoxification gut microorganisms and short clearance time (t1/2 < 1 h). Aquatic animals have significantly slower plasma clearance of DON than land animals. Overall, studies on toxicokinetics provide valuable information for risk assessment, prevention and control of DON contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiqiang Mu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruqin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jikai Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiqun Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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Taroncher M, Pigni MC, Diana MN, Juan-García A, Ruiz MJ. Does low concentration mycotoxin exposure induce toxicity in HepG2 cells through oxidative stress? Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 30:417-426. [PMID: 32306886 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1757000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether exposure to low concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T-2) and patulin (PAT) in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) exerts toxic effects through mechanisms related to oxidative stress, and how cells deal with such exposure. Cell viability was determined by the MTT and protein content (PC) assays over 24, 48 and 72 h. The IC50 values detected ranged from >10 to 2.53 ± 0.21 μM (DON), 0.050 ± 0.025 to 0.034 ± 0.007 μM (T-2) and 2.66 ± 0.66 to 1.17 ± 0.21 µM (PAT). The key players in oxidative stress are the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) dysfunction. The results obtained showed that PAT, DON and T-2 did not significantly increase LPO or ROS production with respect to the controls. Moreover, PAT and DON did not alter MMP, though T-2 increased MMP at the higher concentrations tested (17 and 34 nM). In conclusion, the exposure of HepG2 cells to nontoxic concentrations of T-2 condition them against subsequent cellular oxidative conditions induced by even higher concentrations of mycotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Taroncher
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-Chiari Pigni
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-Natalia Diana
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Juan-García
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Ruiz
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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5
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Schelstraete W, Devreese M, Croubels S. Comparative toxicokinetics of Fusarium mycotoxins in pigs and humans. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 137:111140. [PMID: 32004578 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins frequently contaminate food and feed materials, posing a threat to human and animal health. Fusarium species produce important mycotoxins with regard to their occurrence and toxicity, especially deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin B1 (FB1), zearalenone (ZEN) and T-2 toxin (T-2). The susceptibility of an animal species towards the effects of these toxins in part depends on the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME processes) of these toxins from the body. For humans, in vivo information is scarce and often animal data is used for extrapolation to humans. From a kinetic and safety point of view, the pig seems to be a promising animal model to aid in the assessment of the toxicological risk of mycotoxins to humans. Qualitatively, the ADME processes seem to be quite similar between pigs and humans. In addition, similar metabolite and excretion patterns are observed, although some quantitative differences are noticed which are subject of this review. The high sensitivity of pigs towards mycotoxins and the similar kinetics are an advantage for the use of this animal species in the risk assessment of mycotoxins, and for the establishment of legal limits of mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Schelstraete
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mathias Devreese
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Siska Croubels
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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6
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Battilani P, Palumbo R, Giorni P, Dall’Asta C, Dellafiora L, Gkrillas A, Toscano P, Crisci A, Brera C, De Santis B, Rosanna Cammarano R, Della Seta M, Campbell K, Elliot C, Venancio A, Lima N, Gonçalves A, Terciolo C, Oswald IP. Mycotoxin mixtures in food and feed: holistic, innovative, flexible risk assessment modelling approach:. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2020.en-1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Investigation of age-related differences in toxicokinetic processes of deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in weaned piglets. Arch Toxicol 2019; 94:417-425. [PMID: 31834428 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02644-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Age-related differences in toxicokinetic processes of deoxynivalenol (DON) and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON3G) were studied. DON3G [55.7 µg/kg bodyweight (BW)] and an equimolar dose of DON (36 µg/kg BW) were administered to weaned piglets (4 weeks old) by single intravenous and oral administration in a double two-way cross-over design. Systemic and portal blood was sampled at different time points pre- and post-administration and plasma concentrations of DON, DON3G and their metabolites were quantified using validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) methods. Data were processed using tailor-made compartmental toxicokinetic (TK) models to accurately estimate TK parameters. Results were statistically compared to data obtained in a previous study on 11-week-old pigs using identical experimental conditions. Significant age-related differences in intestinal and systemic exposure to both DON and DON3G were noted. Most remarkably, a significant difference was found for the absorbed fraction of DON3G, after presystemic hydrolysis to DON, in weaned piglets compared to 11-week-old piglets (83% vs 16%, respectively), assumed to be mainly attributed to the higher intestinal permeability of weaned piglets. Other differences in TK parameters could be assigned to a higher water/fat body ratio and longer gastrointestinal transit time of weaned piglets. Results may further refine current risk assessment concerning DON and DON3G in animals. Additionally, since piglets possibly serve as a human paediatric surrogate model, results may be extrapolated to human infants.
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Valgaeren B, Théron L, Croubels S, Devreese M, De Baere S, Van Pamel E, Daeseleire E, De Boevre M, De Saeger S, Vidal A, Di Mavungu JD, Fruhmann P, Adam G, Callebaut A, Bayrou C, Frisée V, Rao AS, Knapp E, Sartelet A, Pardon B, Deprez P, Antonissen G. The role of roughage provision on the absorption and disposition of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol and its acetylated derivatives in calves: from field observations to toxicokinetics. Arch Toxicol 2018; 93:293-310. [PMID: 30535711 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A clinical case in Belgium demonstrated that feeding a feed concentrate containing considerable levels of deoxynivalenol (DON, 1.13 mg/kg feed) induced severe liver failure in 2- to 3-month-old beef calves. Symptoms disappeared by replacing the highly contaminated corn and by stimulating ruminal development via roughage administration. A multi-mycotoxin contamination was demonstrated in feed samples collected at 15 different veal farms in Belgium. DON was most prevalent, contaminating 80% of the roughage samples (mixed straw and maize silage; average concentration in positives: 637 ± 621 µg/kg, max. 1818 µg/kg), and all feed concentrate samples (411 ± 156 µg/kg, max. 693 µg/kg). In order to evaluate the impact of roughage provision and its associated ruminal development on the gastro-intestinal absorption and biodegradation of DON and its acetylated derivatives (3- and 15-ADON) in calves, a toxicokinetic study was performed with two ruminating and two non-ruminating male calves. Animals received in succession a bolus of DON (120 µg/kg bodyweight (BW)), 15-ADON (50 µg/kg BW), and 3-ADON (25 µg/kg) by intravenous (IV) injection or per os (PO) in a cross-over design. The absolute oral bioavailability of DON was much higher in non-ruminating calves (50.7 ± 33.0%) compared to ruminating calves (4.1 ± 4.5%). Immediately following exposure, 3- and 15-ADON were hydrolysed to DON in ruminating calves. DON and its acetylated metabolites were mainly metabolized to DON-3-glucuronide, however, also small amounts of DON-15-glucuronide were detected in urine. DON degradation to deepoxy-DON (DOM-1) was only observed to a relevant extent in ruminating calves. Consequently, toxicity of DON in calves is closely related to roughage provision and the associated stage of ruminal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Valgaeren
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Faculty of Science and Technology, University College Ghent, Melle, Belgium
| | - Léonard Théron
- Clinical Department of Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mathias Devreese
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Siegrid De Baere
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Els Van Pamel
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit-Food Safety, Melle, Belgium
| | - Els Daeseleire
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit-Food Safety, Melle, Belgium
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arnau Vidal
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - José Diana Di Mavungu
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philipp Fruhmann
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - Alfons Callebaut
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, CODA-CERVA, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Calixte Bayrou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Frisée
- Clinical Department of Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sophie Rao
- Clinical Department of Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Emilie Knapp
- Clinical Department of Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Sartelet
- Clinical Department of Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bart Pardon
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Piet Deprez
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Gunther Antonissen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium. .,Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Szabó-Fodor J, Szabó A, Kócsó D, Marosi K, Bóta B, Kachlek M, Mézes M, Balogh K, Kövér G, Nagy I, Glávits R, Kovács M. Interaction between the three frequently co-occurring Fusarium mycotoxins in rats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:370-382. [PMID: 30362174 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To test the complex, acute biochemical effects of combined, naturally co-occurring fusariotoxins, a 5-day rat study was performed. Mycotoxin treatment was invented by intraperitoneal injection: FB1 (F): 9 µg/animal/day (approx. 30 µg/kg bw/day), DON (D): 16.5 µg/animal/day (approx. 55 µg/kg bw/day) and ZEN (Z): 12.75 µg/animal/day (approx. 42.5 µg/kg bw/day). The binary groups (FB1 and DON [FD], FB1 and ZEN [FZ] and DON and ZEN [DZ]) as well as the ternary (FB1 , DON and ZEN [FDZ]) group were dosed at the same combined level as the individual mycotoxins. Body weight, feed intake and mortality were not affected by any of the treatments. FB1 and DON in combination (FD) increased the plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity synergistically (compared to the individual FB1 and DON). In the liver, both the total glutathione (GSH) and the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were increased (p < 0.05) by the binary FB1 and ZEN (FZ) and the DON and ZEN (DZ) groups as well as the ternary FB1 , DON and ZEA group (FDZ) compared to the control. The GSH level of the ternary group was significantly increased compared to the FB1 group, whereas the GPx activity of the ternary group was significantly increased compared to all three the individual mycotoxin groups. The Bliss independence method revealed synergism between DON and ZEN (DZ), as well as FB1 and DON (FD) on liver GPx activity. None of the toxins alone or in combination exerted strong genotoxicity on lymphocytes, neither on the gross histopathological characteristics. However, even at these low levels acute exposure of more than one of these mycotoxins (FB1 , DON and ZEN) affected metabolic and detoxification changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Szabó-Fodor
- MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - András Szabó
- MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary.,Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Dániel Kócsó
- MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Kinga Marosi
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Bóta
- MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Mariam Kachlek
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Miklós Mézes
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Balogh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - György Kövér
- Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - István Nagy
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | | | - Melinda Kovács
- MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary.,Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
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10
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Fernández-Blanco C, Elmo L, Waldner T, Ruiz MJ. Cytotoxic effects induced by patulin, deoxynivalenol and toxin T2 individually and in combination in hepatic cells (HepG2). Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:12-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Fang H, Zhi Y, Yu Z, Lynch RA, Jia X. The embryonic toxicity evaluation of deoxynivalenol (DON) by murine embryonic stem cell test and human embryonic stem cell test models. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Ishikawa A, Weese J, Bracarense A, Alfieri A, Oliveira G, Kawamura O, Hirooka E, Itano E, Costa M. Single aflatoxin B1 exposure induces changes in gut microbiota community in C57Bl/6 mice. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2017. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2017.2190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The liver and the gastrointestinal tract are the earliest target for the harmful effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). This study investigated the impact of a single oral administration of AFB1 (663 µg of AFB1/kg of body weight) on the gut microbial community of C57Bl/6 mice. Sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed with an Illumina MiSeq sequencer. AFB1 caused significant increases in the Lachnospiraceae family and decreases in Mucispirillum genus. In conclusion, a single oral dose of AFB1 changed the relative abundances of some taxa, but not the overall membership or structure of intestinal microbial communities in C57Bl/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.T. Ishikawa
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - J.S. Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road R., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - A.P.F.R.L. Bracarense
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A.A. Alfieri
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - G.G. Oliveira
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, 89814-470 Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - O. Kawamura
- Food Hygiene Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 761-0795, Miki-cho, Kagawa, Japan
| | - E.Y. Hirooka
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, 86051-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - E.N. Itano
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - M.C. Costa
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, University of Montreal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada (current affiliation)
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