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董 嘉, 王 雪, 柏 歌, 王 东. [Research progress on the mechanisms of probiotics promoting wound healing]. SHENG WU YI XUE GONG CHENG XUE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING = SHENGWU YIXUE GONGCHENGXUE ZAZHI 2024; 41:635-640. [PMID: 38932552 PMCID: PMC11208640 DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202208003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Slow wound healing has been a troublesome problem in clinic. In China, traditional methods such as antibiotics and silver sulfadiazine are used to treat skin wound, but the abuse use has many disadvantages, such as chronic wounds and pathogen resistance. Studies have shown that the microorganisms with symbiotic relationship with organisms have benefits on skin wound. Therefore, the way to develop and utilize probiotics to promote wound healing has become a new research direction. In this paper, we reviewed the studies on the bacteriotherapy in the world, described how the probiotics can play a role in promoting wound healing through local wound and intestine, and introduced some mature probiotics products and clinical trials, aiming to provide foundations for further development of bacteriotherapy and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- 嘉利 董
- 陕西中医药大学 临床医学系(陕西咸阳 712046)Department of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - 雪静 王
- 陕西中医药大学 临床医学系(陕西咸阳 712046)Department of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - 歌研 柏
- 陕西中医药大学 临床医学系(陕西咸阳 712046)Department of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - 东 王
- 陕西中医药大学 临床医学系(陕西咸阳 712046)Department of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
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2
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Fleming D, Bozyel I, Koscianski CA, Ozdemir D, Karau MJ, Cuello L, Anoy MMI, Gelston S, Schuetz AN, Greenwood-Quaintance KE, Mandrekar JN, Beyenal H, Patel R. HOCl-producing Electrochemical Bandage is Active in Murine Polymicrobial Wound Infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.19.585100. [PMID: 38562889 PMCID: PMC10983912 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.19.585100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Wound infections, exacerbated by the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens, necessitate innovative antimicrobial approaches. Polymicrobial infections, often involving Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), present formidable challenges due to biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a potent antimicrobial agent produced naturally by the immune system, holds promise as an alternative therapy. An electrochemical bandage (e-bandage) that generates HOCl in situ was evaluated for treatment of murine wound biofilm infections containing both MRSA and P. aeruginosa with "difficult-to-treat" resistance. Previously, the HOCl-producing e-bandage was shown to reduce wound biofilms containing P. aeruginosa alone. Compared to non-polarized e-bandage (no HOCl production) and Tegaderm only controls, the polarized e-bandages reduced bacterial loads in wounds infected with MRSA plus P. aeruginosa (MRSA: vs Tegaderm only - 1.4 log10 CFU/g, p = 0.0015, vs. non-polarized - 1.1 log10 CFU/g, p = 0.026. P. aeruginosa: vs Tegaderm only - 1.6 log10 CFU/g, p = 0.0015, vs non-polarized - 1.6 log10 CFU/g, p = 0.0032), and MRSA alone (vs Tegaderm only - 1.3 log10 CFU/g, p = 0.0048, vs. non-polarized - 1.1 log10 CFU/g, p = 0.0048), without compromising wound healing or causing tissue toxicity. Addition of systemic antibiotics did not enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of e-bandages, highlighting their potential as standalone therapies. This study provides additional evidence for the HOCl-producing e-bandage as a novel antimicrobial strategy for managing wound infections, including in the context of antibiotic resistance and polymicrobial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Fleming
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ibrahim Bozyel
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | | | - Dilara Ozdemir
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | | | - Luz Cuello
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Md Monzurul Islam Anoy
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Suzanne Gelston
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | | | | | | | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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3
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Fleming D, Bozyel I, Ozdemir D, Otero JA, Karau MJ, Anoy MMI, Koscianski C, Schuetz AN, Greenwood-Quaintance KE, Mandrekar JN, Beyenal H, Patel R. HOCl-producing electrochemical bandage for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected murine wounds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0121623. [PMID: 38214514 PMCID: PMC10946410 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01216-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing threat of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens necessitates the development of alternative antimicrobial approaches. This is particularly true for chronic wound infections, which commonly harbor biofilm-dwelling bacteria. A novel electrochemical bandage (e-bandage) delivering low-levels of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) was evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa murine wound biofilms. 5 mm skin wounds were created on the dorsum of mice and infected with 106 colony-forming units (CFU) of P. aeruginosa. Biofilms were formed over 2 days, after which e-bandages were placed on the wound beds and covered with Tegaderm. Mice were administered Tegaderm-only (control), non-polarized e-bandage (no HOCl production), or polarized e-bandage (using an HOCl-producing potentiostat), with or without systemic amikacin. Purulence and wound areas were measured before and after treatment. After 48 hours, wounds were harvested for bacterial quantification. Forty-eight hours of polarized e-bandage treatment resulted in mean biofilm reductions of 1.4 log10 CFUs/g (P = 0.0107) vs non-polarized controls and 2.2 log10 CFU/g (P = 0.004) vs Tegaderm-only controls. Amikacin improved CFU reduction in Tegaderm-only (P = 0.0045) and non-polarized control groups (P = 0.0312) but not in the polarized group (P = 0.3876). Compared to the Tegaderm-only group, there was less purulence in the polarized group (P = 0.009). Wound closure was neither impeded nor improved by either polarized or non-polarized e-bandage treatment. Concurrent amikacin did not impact wound closure or purulence. In conclusion, an HOCl-producing e-bandage reduced P. aeruginosa in wound biofilms with no impairment in wound healing, representing a promising antibiotic-free approach for addressing wound infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Fleming
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ibrahim Bozyel
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Dilara Ozdemir
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | | | - Melissa J. Karau
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Md Monzurul Islam Anoy
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | | | - Audrey N. Schuetz
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Jeon T, Makabenta JMV, Park J, Nabawy A, Cicek YA, Mirza SS, Welton J, Hassan MA, Huang R, Mager J, Rotello VM. Antimicrobial polymer-siRNA polyplexes as a dual-mode platform for the treatment of wound biofilm infections. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5500-5507. [PMID: 37815454 PMCID: PMC10841859 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01108a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of wound biofilm infections faces challenges from both pathogens and uncontrolled host immune response. Treating both issues through a single vector would provide enhanced wound healing. Here, we report the use of a potent cationic antimicrobial polymer to generate siRNA polyplexes for dual-mode treatment of wound biofilms in vivo. These polyplexes act both as an antibiofilm agent and a delivery vehicle for siRNA for the knockdown of biofilm-associated pro-inflammatory MMP9 in host macrophages. The resulting polyplexes were effective in vitro, eradicating MRSA biofilms and efficiently delivering siRNA to macrophages in vitro with concomitant knockdown of MMP9. These polyplexes were likewise effective in an in vivo murine wound biofilm model, significantly reducing bacterial load in the wound (∼99% bacterial clearance) and reducing MMP9 expression by 80% (qRT-PCR). This combination therapeutic strategy dramatically reduced wound purulence and significantly expedited wound healing. Taken together, these polyplexes provide an effective and translatable strategy for managing biofilm-infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewon Jeon
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 230 Stockbridge Road, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA.
| | - Jessa Marie V Makabenta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Jungmi Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Ahmed Nabawy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Yagiz Anil Cicek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Sarah S Mirza
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 661 N Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Janelle Welton
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 661 N Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Muhammad Aamir Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Jesse Mager
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 661 N Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 230 Stockbridge Road, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
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Makabenta JMV, Nabawy A, Chattopadhyay AN, Jeon T, Park J, Lo PC, Nosovitski S, Huang R, Li CH, Jiang M, Rotello VM. Antimicrobial polymer-loaded hydrogels for the topical treatment of multidrug-resistant wound biofilm infections. J Control Release 2023; 362:513-523. [PMID: 37666301 PMCID: PMC10591942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Integration of antimicrobial polymeric nanoparticles into hydrogel materials presents a promising strategy to address multidrug-resistant biofilm infections. Here we report an injectable hydrogel loaded with engineered cationic antimicrobial polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) for the effective topical treatment of severe wound biofilm infections. The PNPs demonstrated biofilm penetration and disruption, resulting in the eradication of resistant and persister cells that reside within the biofilm. Significantly, PNPs did not elicit resistance development even after multiple exposures to sub-therapeutic doses. In vitro studies showed PNPs significantly reduced prolonged inflammation due to infection and promoted fibroblast migration. These PNPs were then incorporated into Poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogels and utilized as an inert carrier for PNPs to provide a controlled and sustained topical release of the antimicrobial nanoparticles at the wound area. In vivo studies using a mature (4-day) wound biofilm infection in a murine model mimicking severe human wound infections demonstrated provided 99% bacterial biofilm clearance and significantly enhanced wound healing. Overall, this work demonstrated the efficacy and selectivity of the antimicrobial polymer-loaded hydrogel platform as a topical treatment for difficult-to-treat wound biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessa Marie V Makabenta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Ahmed Nabawy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Aritra Nath Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Taewon Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Jungmi Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Pui Chi Lo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Stas Nosovitski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Cheng-Hsuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Mingdi Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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6
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Fleming D, Bozyel I, Ozdemir D, Otero JA, Karau MJ, Islam Anoy MM, Koscianski C, Schuetz AN, Greenwood-Quaintance KE, Mandrekar JN, Beyenal H, Patel R. HOCl-producing Electrochemical Bandages for Treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa -Infected Murine Wounds. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.20.558698. [PMID: 37790575 PMCID: PMC10542532 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.20.558698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical bandage (e-bandage) delivering low-level hypochlorous acid (HOCl) was evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa murine wound biofilms. 5 mm skin wounds were created on the dorsum of Swiss-Webster mice and infected with 10 6 colony forming units (CFU) of P. aeruginosa . Biofilms were formed over two days, after which e-bandages were placed on the wound beds and covered with Tegaderm™. Mice were administered Tegaderm-only (control), non-polarized e-bandage (no HOCl production), or polarized e-bandage (using an HOCl-producing potentiostat), with or without concurrently administered systemic amikacin. Purulence and wound areas were measured before and after treatment. After 48 hours, animals were sacrificed, and wounds were harvested for bacterial quantification. Forty-eight hours of polarized e-bandage treatment resulted in mean biofilm reductions of 1.4 log 10 CFUs/g (9.0 vs 7.6 log 10 ; p = 0.0107) vs non-polarized controls, and 2.2 log 10 CFU/g (9.8 vs 7.6 log 10 ; p = 0.004) vs Tegaderm only controls. Systemic amikacin improved CFU reduction in Tegaderm-only (p = 0.0045) and non-polarized control groups (p = 0.0312), but not in the polarized group (p = 0.3876). Compared to the Tegaderm only group, there was more purulence reduction in the polarized group (p = 0.009), but not in the non-polarized group (p = 0.064). Wound closure was not impeded or improved by either polarized or non-polarized e-bandage treatment. Concurrent amikacin did not impact wound closure or purulence. In conclusion, an HOCl-producing e-bandage reduced P. aeruginosa in wound biofilms with no impairment in wound healing, representing a promising antibiotic-free approach for addressing wound infections.
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7
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Ambigapathy G, Mukundan S, Nagamoto-Combs K, Combs CK, Nookala S. HLA-II-Dependent Neuroimmune Changes in Group A Streptococcal Necrotizing Fasciitis. Pathogens 2023; 12:1000. [PMID: 37623960 PMCID: PMC10459635 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus, GAS) bacteria cause a spectrum of human diseases ranging from self-limiting pharyngitis and mild, uncomplicated skin infections (impetigo, erysipelas, and cellulitis) to highly morbid and rapidly invasive, life-threatening infections such as streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis (NF). HLA class II allelic polymorphisms are linked with differential outcomes and severity of GAS infections. The dysregulated immune response and peripheral cytokine storm elicited due to invasive GAS infections increase the risk for toxic shock and multiple organ failure in genetically susceptible individuals. We hypothesized that, while the host immune mediators regulate the immune responses against peripheral GAS infections, these interactions may simultaneously trigger neuropathology and, in some cases, induce persistent alterations in the glial phenotypes. Here, we studied the consequences of peripheral GAS skin infection on the brain in an HLA-II transgenic mouse model of GAS NF with and without treatment with an antibiotic, clindamycin (CLN). Mice expressing the human HLA-II DR3 (DR3) or the HLA-II DR4 (DR4) allele were divided into three groups: (i) uninfected controls, (ii) subcutaneously infected with a clinical GAS strain isolated from a patient with GAS NF, and (iii) GAS-infected with CLN treatment (10 mg/kg/5 days, intraperitoneal). The groups were monitored for 15 days post-infection. Skin GAS burden and lesion area, splenic and hippocampal mRNA levels of inflammatory markers, and immunohistochemical changes in hippocampal GFAP and Iba-1 immunoreactivity were assessed. Skin GAS burden and hippocampal mRNA levels of the inflammatory markers S100A8/A9, IL-1β, IL-33, inflammasome-related caspase-1 (Casp1), and NLRP6 were elevated in infected DR3 but not DR4 mice. The levels of these markers were significantly reduced following CLN treatment in DR3 mice. Although GAS was not detectable in the brain, astrocyte (GFAP) and microglia (Iba-1) activation were evident from increased GFAP and Iba-1 mRNA levels in DR3 and DR4 mice. However, CLN treatment significantly reduced GFAP mRNA levels in DR3 mice, not DR4 mice. Our data suggest a skin-brain axis during GAS NF, demonstrating that peripherally induced pathological conditions regulate neuroimmune changes and gliotic events in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Suba Nookala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (G.A.); (S.M.); (K.N.-C.); (C.K.C.)
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Raval YS, Fleming D, Mohamed A, Karau MJ, Mandrekar JN, Schuetz AN, Greenwood Quaintance KE, Beyenal H, Patel R. In Vivo Activity of Hydrogen-Peroxide Generating Electrochemical Bandage Against Murine Wound Infections. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2023; 6:2300059. [PMID: 37485434 PMCID: PMC10361686 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202300059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms formed by antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wound beds present unique challenges in terms of treating wound infections. In this work, the in vivo activity of a novel electrochemical bandage (e-bandage) composed of carbon fabric and controlled by a wearable potentiostat, designed to continuously deliver low amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was evaluated against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA) and mixed-species (MRSA and MDR-PA) wound infections. Wounds created on Swiss Webster mice were infected with the above-named bacteria and biofilms allowed to establish on wound beds for 3 days. e-Bandages, which electrochemically reduce dissolved oxygen to H2O2 when polarized at -0.6 VAg/AgCl, were placed atop the infected wound bed and polarized continuously for 48 hours. Polarized e-bandage treatment resulted in significant reductions (p <0.001) of both mono-species and mixed-species wound infections. After e-bandage treatment, electron microscopy showed degradation of bacterial cells, and histopathology showed no obvious alteration to the inflammatory host response. Blood biochemistries showed no abnormalities. Taken all together, results of this work suggest that the described H2O2-producing e-bandage can effectively reduce in vivo MRSA, MDR-PA and mixed-species wound biofilms, and should be further developed as a potential antibiotic-free strategy for treatment of wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash S. Raval
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Derek Fleming
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Abdelrhman Mohamed
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Melissa J. Karau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Audrey N. Schuetz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Robin Patel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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9
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Zhou Y, Li N, Fan X, Xu M, Wang B. Intranasal streptococcal infection exacerbates psoriasis-like dermatitis via the induction of skin tissue-resident memory T cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166629. [PMID: 36563916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent streptococcal tonsillitis exacerbates psoriasis. Studies have indicated that T cells responding to streptococcal antigens in the skin are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. However, a direct link between streptococcal tonsillitis and psoriasis has not been evidenced. In the present study, the impact of intranasal (i.n.) streptococcal infection on psoriasis was investigated using the imiquimod (IMQ) psoriasis mouse model. The results showed that repeated i.n. infection with group A Streptococcus (GAS) induced a robust and persistent Th17 response in the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and exacerbated IMQ-mediated psoriatic skin lesions. ELISpot and flow cytometry analyses revealed that GAS-reactive tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) were present in the skin of GAS-infected mice and produced IL-17/IL-23 axis cytokines in response to IMQ, compared to mice uninfected with GAS. In addition, i.n. infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp), a pathogen not associated with the development of psoriasis, also induced a persistent Th17 response in NALT but did not exacerbate IMQ-induced psoriatic inflammation nor elicited Sp-specific T cells in the skin. The results provide in vivo evidence that GAS-associated psoriasis is dependent on the skin GAS-specific TRM cells induced by GAS nasopharyngeal infection and can be later activated by environmental triggers, leading to psoriatic inflammation. Reducing the reservoir of Th17 cells, which are source of skin TRM cells, may constitute a promising treatment for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Meiyi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics and Nankai University Affiliated Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, China
| | - Beinan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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10
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Nabawy A, Makabenta JM, Schmidt-Malan S, Park J, Li CH, Huang R, Fedeli S, Chattopadhyay AN, Patel R, Rotello VM. Dual antimicrobial-loaded biodegradable nanoemulsions for synergistic treatment of wound biofilms. J Control Release 2022; 347:379-388. [PMID: 35550914 PMCID: PMC11060603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Wound biofilm infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria constitute a major threat to public health; acquired resistance combined with resistance associated with the biofilm phenotype makes combatting these infections challenging. Biodegradable polymeric nanoemulsions that encapsulate two hydrophobic antimicrobial agents (eugenol and triclosan) (TE-BNEs) as a strategy to combat chronic wound infections are reported here. The cationic nanoemulsions efficiently penetrate and accumulate in biofilms, synergistically eradicating MDR bacterial biofilms, including persister cells. Notably, the nanoemulsion platform displays excellent biocompatibility and delays emergence of resistance to triclosan. The TE-BNEs are active in an in vivo murine model of mature MDR wound biofilm infections, with 99% bacterial elimination. The efficacy of this system coupled with prevention of emergence of bacterial resistance highlight the potential of this combination platform to treat MDR wound biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nabawy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - Jessa Marie Makabenta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - Suzannah Schmidt-Malan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America.
| | - Jungmi Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - Cheng-Hsuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - Stefano Fedeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - Aritra Nath Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America.
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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11
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Budzyńska A, Skowron K, Kaczmarek A, Wietlicka-Piszcz M, Gospodarek-Komkowska E. Virulence Factor Genes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Blood and Chronic Wounds. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070491. [PMID: 34357963 PMCID: PMC8310355 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the predominant bacteria isolated from skin and soft tissue infections and a common cause of bloodstream infections. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of resistance to various antimicrobial agents and virulence patterns in a total of 200 S. aureus strains isolated from patients with bacteremia and chronic wounds. Disk diffusion assay and in the case of vancomycin and teicoplanin-microdilution assay, were performed to study the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. The prevalence of genes encoding six enterotoxins, two exfoliative toxins, the Panton–Valentine leukocidin and the toxic shock syndrome toxin was determined by PCR. Of the 100 blood strains tested, the highest percentage (85.0%, 31.0%, and 29.0%) were resistant to benzylpenicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin, respectively. Out of the 100 chronic wound strains, the highest percentage (86.0%, 32.0%, 31.0%, 31.0%, 30.0%, and 29.0%) were confirmed as resistant to benzylpenicillin, tobramycin, amikacin, norfloxacin, erythromycin, and clindamycin, respectively. A significantly higher prevalence of resistance to amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin was noted in strains obtained from chronic wounds. Moreover, a significant difference in the distribution of sea and sei genes was found. These genes were detected in 6.0%, 46.0% of blood strains and in 19.0%, and 61.0% of wound strains, respectively. Our results suggest that S. aureus strains obtained from chronic wounds seem to be more often resistant to antibiotics and harbor more virulence genes compared to strains isolated from blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Budzyńska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Skłodowska-Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.B.); (A.K.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Skłodowska-Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.B.); (A.K.); (E.G.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-512-210-245
| | - Agnieszka Kaczmarek
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Skłodowska-Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.B.); (A.K.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Magdalena Wietlicka-Piszcz
- Department of Theoretical Foundations of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Computer Science, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Skłodowska-Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Skłodowska-Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.B.); (A.K.); (E.G.-K.)
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12
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Mai B, Gao Y, Li M, Jia M, Liu S, Wang X, Zhang K, Liu Q, Wang P. Tailoring the cationic lipid composition of lipo-DVDMS augments the phototherapy efficiency of burn infection. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2053-2066. [PMID: 33470996 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01895c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Increase in infections with Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a serious global challenge in healthcare. Sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) combined with photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) can effectively eradicate Gram-positive organisms. However, the poor penetration of DVDMS into the Gram-negative bacterial cell membrane and bacterial biofilm greatly limits the photo-inspired antimicrobial activity. This study optimized the cationic lipid-mediated nano-DVDMS delivery to improve the cellular uptake, and evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of cationic DVDMS-liposome (CDL)-provoked PACT in both P. aeruginosa and its multidrug resistant strain. The results showed that the positively charged liposome modification promoted the enrichment of DVDMS in Gram-negative bacteria. CDL-PACT-produced ROS and caused bacterial death, accompanied by the decreased expression levels of virulence factor-related genes. The P. aeruginosa-infected burn model indicated satisfactory bacterial eradication and accelerated wound healing after CDL-PACT, in addition to gradually increasing bFGF, VEGF, TGF-β1 and Hyp levels and reducing TNF-α and IL-6, with no detectable side-effects. Overall, these findings provide fundamental knowledge that enables the design of feasible and efficient PACT treatments, including biophysical membrane permeabilization and photodynamic eradication, which are promising to overcome the infection and resistance of highly opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Mai
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China.
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13
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Karauzum H, Venkatasubramaniam A, Adhikari RP, Kort T, Holtsberg FW, Mukherjee I, Mednikov M, Ortines R, Nguyen NTQ, Doan TMN, Diep BA, Lee JC, Aman MJ. IBT-V02: A Multicomponent Toxoid Vaccine Protects Against Primary and Secondary Skin Infections Caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:624310. [PMID: 33777005 PMCID: PMC7987673 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of diseases from skin infections to life threatening invasive diseases such as bacteremia, endocarditis, pneumonia, surgical site infections, and osteomyelitis. Skin infections such as furuncles, carbuncles, folliculitis, erysipelas, and cellulitis constitute a large majority of infections caused by S. aureus (SA). These infections cause significant morbidity, healthcare costs, and represent a breeding ground for antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, skin infection with SA is a major risk factor for invasive disease. Here we describe the pre-clinical efficacy of a multicomponent toxoid vaccine (IBT-V02) for prevention of S. aureus acute skin infections and recurrence. IBT-V02 targets six SA toxins including the pore-forming toxins alpha hemolysin (Hla), Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), leukocidin AB (LukAB), and the superantigens toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 and staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B. Immunization of mice and rabbits with IBT-V02 generated antibodies with strong neutralizing activity against toxins included in the vaccine, as well as cross-neutralizing activity against multiple related toxins, and protected against skin infections by several clinically relevant SA strains of USA100, USA300, and USA1000 clones. Efficacy of the vaccine was also shown in non-naïve mice pre-exposed to S. aureus. Furthermore, vaccination with IBT-V02 not only protected mice from a primary infection but also demonstrated lasting efficacy against a secondary infection, while prior challenge with the bacteria alone was unable to protect against recurrence. Serum transfer studies in a primary infection model showed that antibodies are primarily responsible for the protective response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tom Kort
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Mark Mednikov
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Roger Ortines
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Nhu T. Q. Nguyen
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Thien M. N. Doan
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Binh An Diep
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jean C. Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - M. Javad Aman
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Rockville, MD, United States
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14
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Johnson TR, Gómez BI, McIntyre MK, Dubick MA, Christy RJ, Nicholson SE, Burmeister DM. The Cutaneous Microbiome and Wounds: New Molecular Targets to Promote Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092699. [PMID: 30208569 PMCID: PMC6164292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ecological community of microorganisms in/on humans, termed the microbiome, is vital for sustaining homeostasis. While culture-independent techniques have revealed the role of the gut microbiome in human health and disease, the role of the cutaneous microbiome in wound healing is less defined. Skin commensals are essential in the maintenance of the epithelial barrier function, regulation of the host immune system, and protection from invading pathogenic microorganisms. In this review, we summarize the literature derived from pre-clinical and clinical studies on how changes in the microbiome of various acute and chronic skin wounds impact wound healing tissue regeneration. Furthermore, we review the mechanistic insights garnered from model wound healing systems. Finally, in the face of growing concern about antibiotic-resistance, we will discuss alternative strategies for the treatment of infected wounds to improve wound healing and outcomes. Taken together, it has become apparent that commensals, symbionts, and pathogens on human skin have an intimate role in the inflammatory response that highlights several potential strategies to treat infected, non-healing wounds. Despite these promising results, there are some contradictory and controversial findings from existing studies and more research is needed to define the role of the human skin microbiome in acute and chronic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor R Johnson
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Belinda I Gómez
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3650 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
| | - Matthew K McIntyre
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3650 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, NY 10595, USA.
| | - Michael A Dubick
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3650 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
| | - Robert J Christy
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3650 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
| | - Susannah E Nicholson
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - David M Burmeister
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3650 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
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15
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Karau MJ, Tilahun ME, Krogman A, Osborne BA, Goldsby RA, David CS, Mandrekar JN, Patel R, Rajagopalan G. Passive therapy with humanized anti-staphylococcal enterotoxin B antibodies attenuates systemic inflammatory response and protects from lethal pneumonia caused by staphylococcal enterotoxin B-producing Staphylococcus aureus. Virulence 2017; 8:1148-1159. [PMID: 27925510 PMCID: PMC5711449 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1267894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drugs such as linezolid that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis may be beneficial in treating infections caused by toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus. As protein synthesis inhibitors have no effect on preformed toxins, neutralization of pathogenic exotoxins with anti-toxin antibodies may be beneficial in conjunction with antibacterial therapy. Herein, we evaluated the efficacy of human-mouse chimeric high-affinity neutralizing anti-staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) antibodies in the treatment of experimental pneumonia caused by SEB-producing S. aureus. Since HLA class II transgenic mice mount a stronger systemic immune response following challenge with SEB and are more susceptible to SEB-induced lethal toxic shock than conventional mice strains, HLA-DR3 transgenic mice were used. Lethal pneumonia caused by SEB-producing S. aureus in HLA-DR3 transgenic mice was characterized by robust T cell activation and elevated systemic levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Prophylactic administration of a single dose of linezolid 30 min prior to the onset of infection attenuated the systemic inflammatory response and protected from mortality whereas linezolid administered 60 min after the onset of infection failed to confer significant protection. Human-mouse chimeric high-affinity neutralizing anti-SEB antibodies alone, but not polyclonal human IgG, mitigated this response and protected from death when administered immediately after initiation of infection. Further, anti-SEB antibodies as well as intact polyclonal human IgG, but not its Fab or Fc fragments, protected from lethal pneumonia when followed with linezolid therapy 60 min later. In conclusion, neutralization of superantigens with high-affinity antibodies may have beneficial effects in pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J. Karau
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mulualem E. Tilahun
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Ashton Krogman
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Barbara A. Osborne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Chella S. David
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jayawant N. Mandrekar
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Govindarajan Rajagopalan
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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16
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Mai B, Gao Y, Li M, Wang X, Zhang K, Liu Q, Xu C, Wang P. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy for Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant bacterial burn infection in vitro and in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5915-5931. [PMID: 28860757 PMCID: PMC5566361 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s138185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Antibiotic resistance has emerged as one of the most important determinants of outcome in patients with serious infections, along with the virulence of the underlying pathogen. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) has been proposed as an alternative approach for the inactivation of bacteria. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial effect of sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS)-mediated PACT on Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug resistant S. aureus in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods Bacteria were incubated with DVDMS and exposed to treatment with light. After PACT treatment, colony-forming units were counted to estimate the bactericidal effect. Intracellular reactive oxygen-species production was detected by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry and fluorescence-microscopy detection of bacterial cell-membrane permeability. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine expression of VEGF, TGFβ1, TNFα, IL6, and bFGF factors in burn infection. Results DVDMS-PACT effectively killed bacterial proliferation. Intracellular ROS levels were enhanced obviously in the PACT-treatment group. SYTO 9 and propidium iodide staining showed a decrease in the ratio of green:red fluorescence intensity in the PACT-treatment group in comparison to the control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent-assay results revealed that in the healing process, the expression of bFGF, TGFβ1, and VEGF in the treatment group were higher than in the control group, which inhibited inflammation-factor secretion. In addition, skin-tissue bacteria were reduced after treatment. Conclusion These results indicate that DVDMS-PACT presents significant bactericidal activity and promotes wound healing after burn infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Mai
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education.,National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an
| | - Yiru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education.,National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education.,National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education.,National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education.,National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an
| | - Quanhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education.,National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education.,National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an
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17
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Schwameis M, Roppenser B, Firbas C, Gruener CS, Model N, Stich N, Roetzer A, Buchtele N, Jilma B, Eibl MM. Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant toxic shock syndrome toxin (rTSST)-1 variant vaccine: a randomised, double-blind, adjuvant-controlled, dose escalation first-in-man trial. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016; 16:1036-1044. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)30115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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