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Milusheva M, Gledacheva V, Stefanova I, Feizi-Dehnayebi M, Mihaylova R, Nedialkov P, Cherneva E, Tumbarski Y, Tsoneva S, Todorova M, Nikolova S. Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Anthranilic Acid Hybrid and Its Diamides as Antispasmodics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13855. [PMID: 37762158 PMCID: PMC10530836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present article focuses on the synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel anthranilic acid hybrid and its diamides as antispasmodics. Methods: Due to the predicted in silico methods spasmolytic activity, we synthesized a hybrid molecule of anthranilic acid and 2-(3-chlorophenyl)ethylamine. The obtained hybrid was then applied in acylation with different acyl chlorides. Using in silico analysis, pharmacodynamic profiles of the compounds were predicted. A thorough biological evaluation of the compounds was conducted assessing their in vitro antimicrobial, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory activity, and ex vivo spasmolytic activity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation, including geometry optimization, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface, and HOMO-LUMO analysis for the synthesized compounds was conducted using the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) method to explore the electronic behavior, reactive regions, and stability and chemical reactivity of the compounds. Furthermore, molecular docking simulation along with viscosity measurement indicated that the newly synthesized compounds interact with DNA via groove binding mode. The obtained results from all the experiments demonstrate that the hybrid molecule and its diamides inherit spasmolytic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory capabilities, making them excellent candidates for future medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglena Milusheva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria or (M.M.); (M.T.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Vera Gledacheva
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.G.); (I.S.)
| | - Iliyana Stefanova
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.G.); (I.S.)
| | - Mehran Feizi-Dehnayebi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan P.O. Box 98135-674, Iran;
| | - Rositsa Mihaylova
- Laboratory of Experimental Chemotherapy, Department “Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology”, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Paraskev Nedialkov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Emiliya Cherneva
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Build. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yulian Tumbarski
- Department of Microbiology, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Slava Tsoneva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Computer Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mina Todorova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria or (M.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Stoyanka Nikolova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria or (M.M.); (M.T.)
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Nikolova S, Milusheva M, Gledacheva V, Feizi-Dehnayebi M, Kaynarova L, Georgieva D, Delchev V, Stefanova I, Tumbarski Y, Mihaylova R, Cherneva E, Stoencheva S, Todorova M. Drug-Delivery Silver Nanoparticles: A New Perspective for Phenindione as an Anticoagulant. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2201. [PMID: 37626698 PMCID: PMC10452578 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticoagulants prevent the blood from developing the coagulation process, which is the primary cause of death in thromboembolic illnesses. Phenindione (PID) is a well-known anticoagulant that is rarely employed because it totally prevents coagulation, which can be a life-threatening complication. The goal of the current study is to synthesize drug-loaded Ag NPs to slow down the coagulation process. Methods: A rapid synthesis and stabilization of silver nanoparticles as drug-delivery systems for phenindione (PID) were applied for the first time. Results: Several methods are used to determine the size of the resulting Ag NPs. Additionally, the drug-release capabilities of Ag NPs were established. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed for the first time to indicate the nature of the interaction between PID and nanostructures. DFT findings supported that galactose-loaded nanostructure could be a proper delivery system for phenindione. The drug-loaded Ag NPs were characterized in vitro for their antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and anticoagulant activities, and ex vivo for spasmolytic activity. The obtained data confirmed the drug-release experiments. Drug-loaded Ag NPs showed that prothrombin time (PT, sec) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT, sec) are approximately 1.5 times longer than the normal values, while PID itself stopped coagulation at all. This can make the PID-loaded Ag NPs better therapeutic anticoagulants. PID was compared to PID-loaded Ag NPs in antimicrobial, spasmolytic activity, and cytotoxicity. All the experiments confirmed the drug-release results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoyanka Nikolova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria or (M.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Miglena Milusheva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria or (M.M.); (M.T.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Vera Gledacheva
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.G.); (I.S.)
| | - Mehran Feizi-Dehnayebi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan P.O. Box 98135-674, Iran;
| | - Lidia Kaynarova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Computer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (L.K.); (D.G.)
| | - Deyana Georgieva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Computer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (L.K.); (D.G.)
| | - Vassil Delchev
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Iliyana Stefanova
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.G.); (I.S.)
| | - Yulian Tumbarski
- Department of Microbiology, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Rositsa Mihaylova
- Laboratory of Experimental Chemotherapy, Department “Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology”, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Emiliya Cherneva
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., BI 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Snezhana Stoencheva
- University Hospital “Sveti Georgi” EAD, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mina Todorova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria or (M.M.); (M.T.)
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In Silico, In Vitro, and Ex Vivo Biological Activity of Some Novel Mebeverine Precursors. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020605. [PMID: 36831141 PMCID: PMC9953468 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastroenterological disorder with complex pathogenesis and multifaceted therapy approaches, aimed at alleviating clinical symptoms and improving the life quality of patients. Its treatment includes dietary changes and drugs from various pharmacological groups such as antidiarrheals, anticholinergics, serotonin receptor antagonists, targeting chloride ion channels, etc. The present article is focused on the synthesis and biological evaluation of some mebeverine precursors as potential antispasmodics. METHODS In silico analysis aimed at predicting the pharmacodynamic profile of the compounds was performed. Based on these predictions, ex vivo bioelectrical activity (BEA) and immunohistochemical effects of the compounds were established. A thorough biological evaluation of the compounds was conducted assessing their in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. RESULTS All the newly synthesized compounds exerted drug-like properties, whereby 3-methyl-1-phenylbutan-2-amine 3 showed a significant change in BEA due to Ca2+ channel regulation, Ca2+ influx modulation, and a subsequent change in smooth muscle cell response. The immunohistochemical studies showed a good correlation with the obtained data on the BEA, defining amine 3 as a leader structure. No cytotoxicity to human malignant leukemic cell lines (LAMA-84, K-562) was observed for all tested compounds. CONCLUSION Based on the experimental results, we outlined 3-methyl-1-phenylbutan-2-amine 3 as a potential effective choice for orally active long-term therapy of IBS.
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Pharmacological Effects of a Novel Bradykinin-Related Peptide (RR-18) from the Skin Secretion of the Hejiang Frog ( Ordorrana hejiangensis) on Smooth Muscle. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070225. [PMID: 32709165 PMCID: PMC7400415 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) and bradykinin-related peptides (BRPs), which were identified from a diversity of amphibian skin secretions, exerted contractile and relaxing effects on non-vascular and vascular smooth muscle, respectively. Here, we report a novel bradykinin-related peptide with a molecular mass of 1890.2 Da, RVAGPDKPARISGLSPLR, which was isolated and identified from Ordorrana hejiangensis skin secretions, followed by a C-terminal extension sequence VAPQIV. The biosynthetic precursor-encoding cDNA was cloned by the “shotgun” cloning method, and the novel RR-18 was identified and structurally confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Subsequently, the myotropic activity of the synthetic replicate of RR-18 was investigated on the rat bladder, uterus, tail artery and ileum smooth muscle. The peptide was named RR-18 in accordance (R = N-terminal arginine, R = C-terminal arginine, 18 = number of residues). In this study, the synthetic replicates of RR-18 showed no agonist/antagonism of BK-induced rat bladder and uterus smooth muscle contraction. However, it displayed an antagonism of bradykinin-induced rat ileum contraction and arterial smooth muscle relaxation. The EC50 values of BK for ileum and artery, were 214.7 nM and 18.3 nM, respectively. When the tissue was pretreated with the novel peptide, RR-18, at the maximally effective concentration of bradykinin (1 × 10−6 M), bradykinin-induced contraction of the ileum and relaxation of the arterial smooth muscle was reduced by 50–60% and 30–40%, respectively. In conclusion, RR-18 represents novel bradykinin antagonising peptide from amphibian skin secretions. It may provide new insight into possible treatment options for chronic pain and chronic inflammation.
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A Novel Bradykinin-Related Peptide, RVA-Thr 6-BK, from the Skin Secretion of the Hejiang Frog; Ordorrana hejiangensis: Effects of Mammalian Isolated Smooth Muscle. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11070376. [PMID: 31261655 PMCID: PMC6669471 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11070376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel naturally-occurring bradykinin-related peptide (BRP) with an N-terminal extension, named RVA-Thr6-Bradykinin (RVA-Thr6-BK), was here isolated and identified from the cutaneous secretion of Odorrana hejiangensis (O. hejiangensis). Thereafter, in order to evaluate the difference in myotropic actions, a leucine site-substitution variant from Amolops wuyiensis skin secretion, RVA-Leu1, Thr6-BK, was chemically synthesized. Myotropic studies indicated that single-site arginine (R) replacement by leucine (L) at position-4 from the N-terminus, altered the action of RVA-Thr6-BK from an agonist to an antagonist of BK actions on rat ileum smooth muscle. Additionally, both BK N-terminal extended derivatives (RVA-Thr6-BK and RVA-Leu1, Thr6-BK) exerted identical myotropic actions to BK, such as increasing the frequency of contraction, contracting and relaxing the rat uterus, bladder and artery preparations, respectively.
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Identification and Functional Analysis of Novel Bradykinin-Related Peptides (BRPs) from Skin Secretions of Five Asian Frogs. Protein J 2018; 37:324-332. [PMID: 30008150 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-018-9783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, various types of bioactive substances have been identified from amphibian skin and its secretions. Bradykinin-related peptides (BRPs) are among these compounds that make up the host defence system of amphibians. In the present study, we identified six novel BRPs, amolopkinin-GN1, amolopkinin-RK1, amolopkinin-TR1, amolopkinin-LF1, ranakinin-MS1, and ranakinin-MS2, from five East Asian amphibians, Amolops granulosus, Amolops ricketti, Amolops torrentis, Amolops lifanensis, and Hylarana maosonensis. This is the first report on BRPs in the skin of these species. Physiological assays reveal that these peptides have a contractive effect on the smooth muscle of rat ileum.
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The synergistic antimicrobial effects of novel bombinin and bombinin H peptides from the skin secretion of Bombina orientalis. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170967. [PMID: 28894024 PMCID: PMC5634238 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bombinin and bombinin H are two antimicrobial peptide (AMP) families initially discovered from the skin secretion of Bombina that share the same biosynthetic precursor-encoding cDNAs, but have different structures and physicochemical properties. Insight into their possible existing relationship lead us to perform the combination investigations into their anti-infectious activities. In this work, we report the molecular cloning and functional characterization of two novel AMPs belonging to bombinin and bombinin H families from secretions of Bombina orientalis Their mature peptides (BHL-bombinin and bombinin HL), coded by single ORF, were chemically synthesized along with an analogue peptide that replaced L-leucine with D-leucine from the second position of the N-terminus (bombinin HD). CD analysis revealed that all of them displayed well-defined α-helical structures in membrane mimicking environments. Furthermore, BHL-bombinin displayed broad-spectrum bactericidal activities on a wide range of microorganisms, while bombinin H only exhibited a mildly bacteriostatic effect on the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus The combination potency of BHL-bombinin with either bombinin HL or bombinin HD showed the synergistic inhibition activities against S. aureus (fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI): 0.375). A synergistic effect has also been observed between bombinin H and ampicillin, which was further systematically evaluated and confirmed by in vitro time-killing investigations. Haemolytic and cytotoxic examinations exhibited a highly synergistic selectivity and low cytotoxicity on mammalian cells of these three peptides. Taken together, the discovery of the potent synergistic effect of AMPs in a single biosynthetic precursor with superior functional selectivity provides a promising strategy to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens in clinical therapy.
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