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Banga S, Balagizi F, Rehman IU, Oduoye MO, Bavurhe RF, Cakwira H, Biamba C, Masimango G, Elembwe H, Akilimali A. The recommendations and the way forward to fight human infections caused by influenza A (H1N1) in Brazil. New Microbes New Infect 2024; 60-61:101434. [PMID: 38845845 PMCID: PMC11154193 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Many recent outbreaks of influenza A (H1N1) in the world, especially in Brazil, it has become clear that the severity of the disease is not known in the same form. On Wednesday, June 7, 2023, Brazil notified the WHO of a fatal case of human infection with a variant of the influenza A(H1N1) virus of swine origin, this case was confirmed in a laboratory in the region of the interior state of Paraná. This is the first human infection caused by an influenza A (H1N1) virus reported in 2023 nationwide in Brazil. To mitigate H1N1 flu in Brazil, we urge the Brazillian government through its Ministry of Health to improve on mass awareness about the signs and symptoms of H1N1 flu among the Brazillians. The Brazillian government should also implement the One Health approach towards the control of H1N1 flu in Brazil, as we believe that these recommendations would go a long way in preventing future cases and the spread of H1N1 flu in Brazil. This article aims to present the clinical presentations of the H1N1 flu and the implications, recommendations and the way forward to protect the Brazilian population against the H1N1 flu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styves Banga
- Department of Research, Medical Research Circle, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Standing Committee of Research and Exchange, Medical Student Association (MSA), Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Fabien Balagizi
- Department of Research, Medical Research Circle, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Standing Committee of Research and Exchange, Medical Student Association (MSA), Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ibad ur Rehman
- Department of Surgery, Shifa International Hospital and Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Olatunde Oduoye
- Department of Research, Medical Research Circle, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Rodrigue Fikiri Bavurhe
- Department of Research, Medical Research Circle, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Faculty of Medicine, Official University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Hugues Cakwira
- Department of Research, Medical Research Circle, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Standing Committee of Research and Exchange, Medical Student Association (MSA), Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Chrispin Biamba
- Department of Research, Medical Research Circle, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Standing Committee of Research and Exchange, Medical Student Association (MSA), Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Goma, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Gaston Masimango
- Department of Research, Medical Research Circle, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Faculty of Medicine, Official University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Hardy Elembwe
- Department of Research, Medical Research Circle, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Aymar Akilimali
- Department of Research, Medical Research Circle, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Standing Committee of Research and Exchange, Medical Student Association (MSA), Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Ajayi AO, Odeyemi AT, Akinjogunla OJ, Adeyeye AB, Ayo-ajayi I. Review of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes within the one health framework. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2024; 14:2312953. [PMID: 38371518 PMCID: PMC10868463 DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2024.2312953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The interdisciplinary One Health (OH) approach recognizes that human, animal, and environmental health are all interconnected. Its ultimate goal is to promote optimal health for all through the exploration of these relationships. Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a public health challenge that has been primarily addressed within the context of human health and clinical settings. However, it has become increasingly evident that antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that confer resistance are transmitted and circulated within humans, animals, and the environment. Therefore, to effectively address this issue, antibiotic resistance must also be considered an environmental and livestock/wildlife problem. Objective: This review was carried out to provide a broad overview of the existence of ARB and ARGs in One Health settings. Methods: Relevant studies that placed emphasis on ARB and ARGs were reviewed and key findings were accessed that illustrate the importance of One Health as a measure to tackle growing public and environmental threats. Results: In this review, we delve into the complex interplay of the three components of OH in relation to ARB and ARGs. Antibiotics used in animal husbandry and plants to promote growth, treat, and prevent infectious diseases lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in animals. These bacteria are transmitted from animals to humans through food and environmental exposure. The environment plays a critical role in the circulation and persistence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes, posing a significant threat to human and animal health. This article also highlights how ARGs are spread in the environment through the transfer of genetic material between bacteria. This transfer can occur naturally or through human activities such as the use of antibiotics in agriculture and waste management practices. Conclusion: It is important to integrate the One Health approach into the public health system to effectively tackle the emergence and spread of ARB and genes that code for resistance to different antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adebowale Toba Odeyemi
- Department of Microbiology, Landmark University SDG Groups 2 and 3, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Ibiwumi Ayo-ajayi
- Department of Computer Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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Feng X, Wang S, Cheng G, Guo X, Zhou X. Editorial: Needs and potential application of One Health approach in the control of vector-borne and zoonotic infectious disease. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1089174. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1089174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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