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Rodríguez-Aguilar ED, Martínez-Barnetche J, González-Bonilla CR, Tellez-Sosa JM, Argotte-Ramos R, Rodríguez MH. Genetic Diversity and Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Chikungunya Infections in Mexico during the Outbreak of 2014-2016. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010070. [PMID: 35062275 PMCID: PMC8779743 DOI: 10.3390/v14010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, which causes Chikungunya fever. Three CHIKV genotypes have been identified: West African, East-Central-South African and Asian. In 2014, CHIKV was detected for the first time in Mexico, accumulating 13,569 confirmed cases in the following three years. Studies on the molecular diversification of CHIKV in Mexico focused on limited geographic regions or investigated only one structural gene of the virus. To describe the dynamics of this outbreak, we analyzed 309 serum samples from CHIKV acute clinical cases from 15 Mexican states. Partial NSP3, E1, and E2 genes were sequenced, mutations were identified, and their genetic variability was estimated. The evolutionary relationship with CHIKV sequences sampled globally were analyzed. Our sequences grouped with the Asian genotype within the Caribbean lineage, suggesting that the Asian was the only circulating genotype during the outbreak. Three non-synonymous mutations (E2 S248F and NSP3 A437T and L451F) were present in our sequences, which were also identified in sequences of the Caribbean lineage and in one Philippine sequence. Based on the phylogeographic analysis, the viral spread was reconstructed, suggesting that after the introduction through the Mexican southern border (Chiapas), CHIKV dispersed to neighboring states before reaching the center and north of the country through the Pacific Ocean states and Quintana Roo. This is the first viral phylogeographic reconstruction in Mexico characterizing the CHIKV outbreak across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo D. Rodríguez-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (E.D.R.-A.); (J.M.-B.); (J.M.T.-S.); (R.A.-R.)
| | - Jesús Martínez-Barnetche
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (E.D.R.-A.); (J.M.-B.); (J.M.T.-S.); (R.A.-R.)
| | | | - Juan M. Tellez-Sosa
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (E.D.R.-A.); (J.M.-B.); (J.M.T.-S.); (R.A.-R.)
| | - Rocío Argotte-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (E.D.R.-A.); (J.M.-B.); (J.M.T.-S.); (R.A.-R.)
| | - Mario H. Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (E.D.R.-A.); (J.M.-B.); (J.M.T.-S.); (R.A.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-1-777-3293087 (ext. 1109)
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Torres-Longoria B, Fragoso-Fonseca DE, Núñez-León A, de la Luz Torres M, Vázquez-Pichardo M, Escobar-Escamilla N, Wong-Arámbula C, Ramírez-González JE, Méndez-Tenorio A, Castro-Mussot ME, Moreno-Altamirano MMB, Membrillo-Hernández J, López-Martínez I, Díaz-Quiñónez JA. Epidemiological surveillance of chikungunya fever in Mexico since its introduction in 2014-2016 and identification of circulating genotypes. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1967-1975. [PMID: 33523371 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In 2014, the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was detected for the first time in Mexico, the identified strain was the one corresponding to the Asian genotype which was phylogenetically grouped with the strains that circulated in the British Virgin Islands outbreak and was later classified with lineages of Caribbean strains. In three years, 13,569 cases of chikungunya were registered in Mexico. Although the transmission and spread of the virus are now considered a moderate risk, the danger that the virus reemerges is not ruled out due to the infestation of Aedes mosquitoes. In this study, we reviewed the chikungunya fever (CHIKF) cases reported between 2014 and 2016 to reanalyze the data. Seventeen cases were selected from different states where the circulation of the virus had been reported. Statistical data were analyzed and a retrospective analysis was carried out. Nucleic acid sequences were determined of these 17 samples. 2015 was the year with the highest number of cases (92.8%) and they were detected in 28 states of the country. There is a predominance of females, and the most affected age group was between 25 and 44 years. In 2016, CHIKV genotypes were not known, in this study the presence of the Asian genotype of Caribbean lineage was confirmed. The presence of the West African and ECSA genotypes was phylogenetically ruled out. The sequences obtained were deposited in GeneBank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belem Torres-Longoria
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Virología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez" (InDRE), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Esaú Fragoso-Fonseca
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico e Investigación Molecular, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos "Dr, Manuel Martínez Báez" (InDRE), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alma Núñez-León
- Departamento de Virología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez" (InDRE), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María de la Luz Torres
- Departamento de Virología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez" (InDRE), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Vázquez-Pichardo
- Departamento de Virología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez" (InDRE), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noé Escobar-Escamilla
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico e Investigación Molecular, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos "Dr, Manuel Martínez Báez" (InDRE), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Wong-Arámbula
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico e Investigación Molecular, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos "Dr, Manuel Martínez Báez" (InDRE), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Ernesto Ramírez-González
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico e Investigación Molecular, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos "Dr, Manuel Martínez Báez" (InDRE), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Méndez-Tenorio
- Laboratorio Biotecnología y Bioinformática Genómica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia Castro-Mussot
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatogénesis, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María M B Moreno-Altamirano
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Irma López-Martínez
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico e Investigación Molecular, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos "Dr, Manuel Martínez Báez" (InDRE), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Díaz-Quiñónez
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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