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Li D, Lin Q, Luo F, Wang H. Insights into the Structure, Metabolism, Biological Functions and Molecular Mechanisms of Sialic Acid: A Review. Foods 2023; 13:145. [PMID: 38201173 PMCID: PMC10779236 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid (SA) is a kind of functional monosaccharide which exists widely in edible bird's nest (EBN), milk, meat, mucous membrane surface, etc. SA is an important functional component in promoting brain development, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-virus, anti-tumor and immune regulation. The intestinal mucosa covers the microbial community that has a significant impact on health. In the gut, SA can also regulate gut microbiota and metabolites, participating in different biological functions. The structure, source and physiological functions of SA were reviewed in this paper. The biological functions of SA through regulating key signaling pathways and target genes were discussed. In summary, SA can modulate gut microbiota and metabolites, which affect gene expressions and exert its biological activities. It is helpful to provide scientific reference for the further investigation of SA in the functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Full Life-Cycle Energy-Efficient Buildings and Environmental Health, School of Civil Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
| | - Hanqing Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Full Life-Cycle Energy-Efficient Buildings and Environmental Health, School of Civil Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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2
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Konietzny PB, Peters H, Hofer ML, Gerling-Driessen UIM, de Vries RP, Peters T, Hartmann L. Enzymatic Sialylation of Synthetic Multivalent Scaffolds: From 3'-Sialyllactose Glycomacromolecules to Novel Neoglycosides. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200358. [PMID: 36112275 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/12/1912] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sialoglycans play a key role in many biological recognition processes and sialylated conjugates of various types have successfully been applied, e.g., as antivirals or in antitumor therapy. A key feature for high affinity binding of such conjugates is the multivalent presentation of sialoglycans which often possess synthetic challenges. Here, the combination is described of solid phase polymer synthesis and enzymatic sialylation yielding 3'-sialyllactose-presenting precision glycomacromolecules. CMP-Neu5Ac synthetase from Neisseria meningitidis (NmCSS) and sialyltransferase from Pasteurella multocida (PmST1) are combined in a one-pot reaction giving access to sequence-defined sialylated macromolecules. Surprisingly, when employing Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) as a buffer, formation of significant amounts of α-linked Tris-sialoside is observed as a side reaction. Further exploring and exploiting this unusual sialylation reaction, different neoglycosidic structures are synthesized showing that PmST1 can be used to derive both, sialylation on natural carbohydrates as well as on synthetic hydroxylated scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B Konietzny
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hannelore Peters
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marc L Hofer
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulla I M Gerling-Driessen
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Peters
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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3
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Ramos-Martínez IE, Ramos-Martínez E, Segura-Velázquez RÁ, Saavedra-Montañez M, Cervantes-Torres JB, Cerbón M, Papy-Garcia D, Zenteno E, Sánchez-Betancourt JI. Heparan Sulfate and Sialic Acid in Viral Attachment: Two Sides of the Same Coin? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179842. [PMID: 36077240 PMCID: PMC9456526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids and heparan sulfates make up the outermost part of the cell membrane and the extracellular matrix. Both structures are characterized by being negatively charged, serving as receptors for various pathogens, and are highly expressed in the respiratory and digestive tracts. Numerous viruses use heparan sulfates as receptors to infect cells; in this group are HSV, HPV, and SARS-CoV-2. Other viruses require the cell to express sialic acids, as is the case in influenza A viruses and adenoviruses. This review aims to present, in a general way, the participation of glycoconjugates in viral entry, and therapeutic strategies focused on inhibiting the interaction between the virus and the glycoconjugates. Interestingly, there are few studies that suggest the participation of both glycoconjugates in the viruses addressed here. Considering the biological redundancy that exists between heparan sulfates and sialic acids, we propose that it is important to jointly evaluate and design strategies that contemplate inhibiting the interactions of both glycoconjugates. This approach will allow identifying new receptors and lead to a deeper understanding of interspecies transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Emmanuel Ramos-Martínez
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Edgar Ramos-Martínez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - René Álvaro Segura-Velázquez
- Unidad de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Manuel Saavedra-Montañez
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Jacquelynne Brenda Cervantes-Torres
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Marco Cerbón
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Dulce Papy-Garcia
- Glycobiology, Cell Growth ant Tissue Repair Research Unit (Gly-CRRET), Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - José Ivan Sánchez-Betancourt
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Meuskens I, Leva-Bueno J, Millner P, Schütz M, Peyman SA, Linke D. The Trimeric Autotransporter Adhesin YadA of Yersinia enterocolitica Serotype O:9 Binds Glycan Moieties. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:738818. [PMID: 35178035 PMCID: PMC8844515 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.738818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia adhesin A (YadA) is a key virulence factor of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. YadA is a trimeric autotransporter adhesin, a class of adhesins that have been shown to enable many Gram-negative pathogens to adhere to/interact with the host extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen, vitronectin, and fibronectin. Here, we show for the first time that YadA of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9 not only interacts with proteinaceous surface molecules but can also attach directly to glycan moieties. We show that YadA from Y. enterocolitica serotype O:9 does not interact with the vitronectin protein itself but exclusively with its N-linked glycans. We also show that YadA can target other glycan moieties as found in heparin, for example. So far, little is known about specific interactions between bacterial autotransporter adhesins and glycans. This could potentially lead to new antimicrobial treatment strategies, as well as diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Meuskens
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Juan Leva-Bueno
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Millner
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Schütz
- Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin Tübingen (IMIT), Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sally A Peyman
- Molecular and Nanoscale Physics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Linke
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Pourrajab F. Targeting the glycans: A paradigm for host-targeted and COVID-19 drug design. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5842-5856. [PMID: 34028178 PMCID: PMC8242448 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is always a need for new approaches for the control of virus burdens caused by seasonal outbreaks, the emergence of novel viruses with pandemic potential and the development of resistance to current antiviral drugs. The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus-disease COVID-19 represented a pandemic threat and declared a public health emergency of international concern. Herein, the role of glycans for the development of new drugs or vaccines, as a host-targeted approach, is discussed where may provide a front-line prophylactic or threats to protect against the current and any future respiratory-infecting virus and possibly against other respiratory pathogens. As a prototype, the role of glycans in the coronavirus infection, as well as, galectins (Gal) as the glycan-recognition agents (GRAs) in drug design are here summarized. Galectins, in particular, Gal-1 and Gal-3 are ubiquitous and important to biological systems, whose interactions with viral glycans modulate host immunity and homeostatic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Pourrajab
- Reproductive Immunology Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
- Biotechnology Research Center, International CampusShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
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Wang CW, Lee OK, Fischer WB. Screening coronavirus and human proteins for sialic acid binding sites using a docking approach. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2021019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
<abstract>
<p>The initial step of interaction of some pathogens with the host is driven by the interaction of glycoproteins of either side <italic>via</italic> endcaps of their glycans. These end caps consist of sialic acids or sugar molecules. Coronaviruses (CoVs), including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are found to use this route of interaction. The strength and spatial interactions on the single molecule level of sialic acids with either the spike (S) protein of SARS coronaviruses, or human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and furin are probed and compared to the binding modes of those sugar molecules which are present in glycans of glycoproteins. The protocol of using single molecules is seen as a simplified but effective mimic of the complex mode of interaction of the glycans. Averaged estimated binding energies from a docking approach result in preferential binding of the sialic acids to a specific binding site of the S protein of human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43). Furin is proposed to provide better binding sites for sialic acids than ACE2, albeit outweighed by sites for other sugar molecules. Absolute minimal estimated binding energies indicate weak binding affinities and are indifferent to the type of sugar molecules and the proteins. Neither the proposed best binding sites of the sialic acids nor those of the sugar molecules overlap with any of the cleavage sites at the S protein and the active sites of the human proteins.</p>
</abstract>
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