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Jia Y, Wu Q, Li Y, Ma M, Song W, Chen R, Yao Y, Nair V, Zhang N, Liao M, Dai M. Revealing novel and conservative T-cell epitopes with MHC B2 restriction on H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV). J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107395. [PMID: 38768812 PMCID: PMC11223079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
B2 haplotype major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been extensively reported to confer resistance to various avian diseases. But its peptide-binding motif is unknown, and the presenting peptide is rarely identified. Here, we identified its peptide-binding motif (X-A/V/I/L/P/S/G-X-X-X-X-X-X-V/I/L) in vitro using Random Peptide Library-based MHC I LC-MS/MS analysis. To further clarify the structure basis of motif, we determined the crystal structure of the BF2∗02:01-PB2552-560 complex at 1.9 Å resolution. We found that BF2∗02:01 had a relatively wide antigen-binding groove, and the structural characterization of pockets was consistent with the characterization of peptide-binding motif. The wider features of the peptide-binding motif and increased number of peptides bound by BF2∗02:01 than BF2∗04:01 might resolve the puzzles for the presence of potential H9N2 resistance in B2 chickens. Afterward, we explored the H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV)-induced cellular immune response in B2 haplotype chickens in vivo. We found that ratio of CD8+ T cell and kinetic expression of cytotoxicity genes including Granzyme K, interferon-γ, NK lysin, and poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were significantly increased in defending against H9N2 AIV infection. Especially, we selected 425 epitopes as candidate epitopes based on the peptide-binding motif and further identified four CD8+ T-cell epitopes on H9N2 AIV including NS198-106, PB2552-560, NP182-190, and NP455-463 via ELI-spot interferon-γ detections after stimulating memory lymphocytes with peptides. More importantly, these epitopes were found to be conserved in H7N9 AIV and H9N2 AIV. These findings provide direction for developing effective T cell epitope vaccines using well-conserved internal viral antigens in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Jia
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingxin Wu
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Li
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mulin Ma
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Song
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongmao Chen
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- Viral Oncogenesis Group, The Pirbright Institute and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Venugopal Nair
- Viral Oncogenesis Group, The Pirbright Institute and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Surrey, United Kingdom; Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nianzhi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ming Liao
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Manman Dai
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhao Y, Zhao C, Deng Y, Pan M, Mo G, Liao Z, Zhang X, Zhang D, Li H. PMAIP1 promotes J subgroup avian leukosis virus replication by regulating mitochondrial function. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103617. [PMID: 38547674 PMCID: PMC11180372 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus Subgroup J (ALV-J) exhibits high morbidity and pathogenicity, affecting approximately 20% of poultry farms. It induces neoplastic diseases and immunosuppression. Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 (PMAIP1), a proapoptotic mitochondrial protein in the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family, plays a role in apoptosis in cancer cells. However, the connection between the PMAIP1 gene and ALV-J pathogenicity remains unexplored. This study investigates the potential impact of the PMAIP1 gene on ALV-J replication and its regulatory mechanisms. Initially, we examined PMAIP1 expression using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we manipulated PMAIP1 expression in chicken fibroblast cells (DF-1) and assessed its effects on ALV-J infection through qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and western blotting (WB). Our findings reveal a significant down-regulation of PMAIP1 in the spleen, lung, and kidney, coupled with an up-regulation in the bursa and liver of ALV-J infected chickens compared to uninfected ones. Additionally, DF-1 cells infected with ALV-J displayed a notable up-regulation of PMAIP1 at 6, 12, 24, 48, 74, and 108 h. Over-expression of PMAIP1 enhanced ALV-J replication, interferon expression, and proinflammatory factors. Conversely, interference led to contrasting results. Furthermore, we observed that PMAIP1 promotes virus replication by modulating mitochondrial function. In conclusion, the PMAIP1 gene facilitates virus replication by regulating mitochondrial function, thereby enriching our understanding of mitochondria-related genes and their involvement in ALV-J infection, offering valuable insights for avian leukosis disease resistance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Zhao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642 China
| | - Changbin Zhao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642 China
| | - Yuelin Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642 China; Department of Animal Nutrition System, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming Pan
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642 China
| | - Guodong Mo
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642 China
| | - Zhiying Liao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642 China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642 China
| | - Dexiang Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642 China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642 China.
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Huang M, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Wang R, Wei X. Comparative proteomics analysis of kidney in chicken infected by infectious bronchitis virus. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103259. [PMID: 37992619 PMCID: PMC10700468 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The gamma coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is known to cause an acute and highly contagious infectious disease in poultry. Here, this study aimed to investigate the impact of virulent or avirulent IBV infection on the avian host by conducting proteomics with data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) in the kidneys of IBV-infected chickens. The results revealed 267, 489, and 510 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the chicken kidneys at 3, 5, and 7 days postinfection (dpi), respectively, when infected with the GD17/04 strain, which is a highly nephrogenic strain and belongs to the 4/91 genotype. In contrast, the attenuated 4/91 vaccine resulted in the identification of 144, 175, and 258 DEPs at 3, 5, and 7 dpi, respectively. Functional enrichment analyses indicated distinct expression profiles between the 2 IBV strains. Upon GD17/04 infection, metabolic pathways respond initially in the early stage (3 dpi) and immune-related signaling pathways respond in the middle and late stages (5 and 7 dpi). The 4/91 vaccine elicited a completely opposite response compared to the GD17/04 infection. Among all DEPs, 62 immune-related DEPs were focused on and found to be mainly enriched in the type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling pathway and involved in humoral and cellular immunity. Notably, key molecules in the IFN-I signaling pathway including MDA5, LGP2, and TBK1 may serve as regulatory targets of IBV. Overall, this study highlights similarities and discrepancies in the patterns of protein expression at different stages of infection with virulent and avirulent IBV strains, with the IFN-I signaling pathway emerging as a critical response to IBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Huang
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
| | - Xuewei Zheng
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yunjing Zhang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Ruohan Wang
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xiaona Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Fandiño S, Gomez-Lucia E, Benítez L, Doménech A. Avian Leukosis: Will We Be Able to Get Rid of It? Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2358. [PMID: 37508135 PMCID: PMC10376345 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) have been virtually eradicated from commercial poultry. However, some niches remain as pockets from which this group of viruses may reemerge and induce economic losses. Such is the case of fancy, hobby, backyard chickens and indigenous or native breeds, which are not as strictly inspected as commercial poultry and which have been found to harbor ALVs. In addition, the genome of both poultry and of several gamebird species contain endogenous retroviral sequences. Circumstances that support keeping up surveillance include the detection of several ALV natural recombinants between exogenous and endogenous ALV-related sequences which, combined with the well-known ability of retroviruses to mutate, facilitate the emergence of escape mutants. The subgroup most prevalent nowadays, ALV-J, has emerged as a multi-recombinant which uses a different receptor from the previously known subgroups, greatly increasing its cell tropism and pathogenicity and making it more transmissible. In this review we describe the ALVs, their different subgroups and which receptor they use to infect the cell, their routes of transmission and their presence in different bird collectivities, and the immune response against them. We analyze the different systems to control them, from vaccination to the progress made editing the bird genome to generate mutated ALV receptors or selecting certain haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fandiño
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Gomez-Lucia
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Benítez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Doménech
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Warren WC, Rice ES, Meyer A, Hearn CJ, Steep A, Hunt HD, Monson MS, Lamont SJ, Cheng HH. The immune cell landscape and response of Marek's disease resistant and susceptible chickens infected with Marek's disease virus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5355. [PMID: 37005445 PMCID: PMC10067856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically resistant or susceptible chickens to Marek's disease (MD) have been widely used models to identify the molecular determinants of these phenotypes. However, these prior studies lacked the basic identification and understanding of immune cell types that could be translated toward improved MD control. To gain insights into specific immune cell types and their responses to Marek's disease virus (MDV) infection, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) on splenic cells from MD resistant and susceptible birds. In total, 14,378 cells formed clusters that identified various immune cell types. Lymphocytes, specifically T cell subtypes, were the most abundant with significant proportional changes in some subtypes upon infection. The largest number of differentially expressed genes (DEG) response was seen in granulocytes, while macrophage DEGs differed in directionality by subtype and line. Among the most DEG in almost all immune cell types were granzyme and granulysin, both associated with cell-perforating processes. Protein interactive network analyses revealed multiple overlapping canonical pathways within both lymphoid and myeloid cell lineages. This initial estimation of the chicken immune cell type landscape and its accompanying response will greatly aid efforts in identifying specific cell types and improving our knowledge of host response to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley C Warren
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Edward S Rice
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ashley Meyer
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Cari J Hearn
- Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, USNPRC, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alec Steep
- Department of Human Genetics Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Henry D Hunt
- Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, USNPRC, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Melissa S Monson
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, USDA, ARS, NADC, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Susan J Lamont
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Hans H Cheng
- Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, USNPRC, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Boone AC, Kulkarni RR, Cortes AL, Villalobos T, Esandi J, Gimeno IM. In ovo HVT vaccination enhances cellular responses at hatch and addition of poly I:C offers minimal adjuvant effects. Vaccine 2023; 41:2514-2523. [PMID: 36894394 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
In ovo vaccination with herpesvirus of turkey (HVT) hastens immunocompetence in chickens and the recommended dose (RD) of 6080 plaque-forming-units (PFU) offers the most optimal effects. In previous studies conducted in egg-type chickens, in ovo vaccination with HVT enhanced lymphoproliferation, wing-web thickness with phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L), and increased spleen and lung interferon-gamma(IFN-γ) andToll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) transcripts. Here, we evaluated the cellular mechanisms by which HVT-RD can hasten immunocompetence in one-day-old meat-type chickens, and also determined if HVT adjuvantation with a TLR3 agonist, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), could enhance vaccine-induced responses and provide dose-sparing effects. Compared to sham-inoculated chickens, HVT-RD significantly increased transcription of splenic TLR3 and IFN γ receptor 2 (R2), and lung IFN γ R2, while the splenic IL-13 transcription was found decreased. Additionally, these birds showed increased wing-web thickness following PHA-L inoculation. The thickness was due to an innate inflammatory cell population, CD3+ T cells, and edema. In another experiment, HVT-1/2 (3040 PFU) supplemented with 50 μg poly(I:C) [HVT-1/2 + poly(I:C)] was administered in ovo and immune responses were compared with those produced by HVT-RD, HVT-1/2, 50 μg poly(I:C), and sham-inoculated. Immunophenotyping of splenocytes showed HVT-RD induced a significantly higher frequency of CD4+, CD4+MHC-II+, CD8+CD44+, and CD4+CD28+ T cells compared to sham-inoculated chickens, and CD8+MHC-II+, CD4+CD8+, CD4+CD8+CD28+, and CD4+CD8+CD44+ T cells compared to all groups. Treatment groups, except HVT-1/2 + poly(I:C), had significantly higher frequencies of γδ T cells and all groups induced significantly higher frequencies of activated monocytes/macrophages, compared to sham-inoculated chickens. Poly(I:C)-induced dose-sparing effect was only observed in the frequency of activated monocytes/macrophages. No differences in the humoral responses were observed. Collectively, HVT-RD downregulated IL-13 transcripts (Th2 immune response) and had strong immunopotentiation effects on innate immune responses and the activation of T cells. However addition of poly(I:C) offered a minimal adjuvant/dose-sparing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Boone
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States; Experimental Pathology Laboratories Inc, 615 Davis Drive Ste. 500, Durham, NC 27713, United States.
| | - Raveendra R Kulkarni
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States.
| | - Aneg L Cortes
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States.
| | | | - Javier Esandi
- Zoetis-Global Biodevice, 1040 Swabia Ct, Durham, NC 27703, United States.
| | - Isabel M Gimeno
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States.
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Dai M, Sun H, Zhao L, Wu Q, You B, Xu F, Liao J, Zhu S, Li Z, Yao Y, Nair V, Liao M. Duck CD8 + T Cell Response to H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Infection In Vivo and In Vitro. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:979-990. [PMID: 35940633 PMCID: PMC10613577 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Domestic ducks are the important host for H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infection and epidemiology, but little is known about the duck T cell response to H5N1 AIV infection. In infection experiments of mallard ducks, we detected significantly increased CD8+ cells and augmented expression of cytotoxicity-associated genes, including granzyme A and IFN-γ, in PBMCs from 5 to 9 d postinfection when the virus shedding was clearly decreased, which suggested the importance of the duck cytotoxic T cell response in eliminating H5N1 infection in vivo. Intriguingly, we found that a CD8high+ population of PBMCs was clearly upregulated in infected ducks from 7 to 9 d postinfection compared with uninfected ducks. Next, we used Smart-Seq2 technology to investigate the heterogeneity and transcriptional differences of the duck CD8+ cells. Thus, CD8high+ cells were likely to be more responsive to H5N1 AIV infection, based on the high level of expression of genes involved in T cell responses, activation, and proliferation, including MALT1, ITK, LCK, CD3E, CD247, CFLAR, IL-18R1, and IL-18RAP. More importantly, we have also successfully cultured H5N1 AIV-specific duck T cells in vitro, to our knowledge, for the first time, and demonstrated that the CD8high+ population was increased with the duck T cell activation and response in vitro, which was consistent with results in vivo. Thus, the duck CD8high+ cells represent a potentially effective immune response to H5N1 AIV infection in vivo and in vitro. These findings provide novel insights and direction for developing effective H5N1 AIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Dai
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Hui Sun
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhao
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingxin Wu
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen You
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxiang Xu
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Liao
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sufang Zhu
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Pirbright, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom; and
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Pirbright, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom; and
| | - Ming Liao
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China;
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Characterization of vaccine-induced immune responses against coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Vaccine 2022; 40:3893-3902. [PMID: 35623907 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria protozoan species, is an economically important enteric disease of poultry. Although commercial live vaccines are widely used for disease control, the vaccine-induced protective immune mechanisms are poorly characterized. The present study used a commercial broiler vaccine containing a mixture of E. acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella. One-day-old chicks were vaccinated by spray followed by a challenge at 21 days of age with a mixture of wild type Eimeria species via oral gavage. Oocyst shedding, immune gene expression and cellular responses in the spleen and cecal tonsils were measured at pre- (days 14 and 21) and post-challenge (days 24, 28 and 35) time points. Results showed that the oocyst counts were significantly reduced in the vaccinated chickens at post-challenge compared to unvaccinated control group. While the vaccinated birds had a significantly increased toll-like receptor (TLR) 21 gene expression at pre-challenge, the transcription of interferon (IFN)γ, Interleukin (IL)-12 and CD40 genes in spleen and cecal tonsils of these birds was significantly higher at post-challenge compared to unvaccinated chickens. Cellular immunophenotyping analysis found that vaccination led to increased frequency of macrophages and activated T cells (CD8+CD44+ and CD4+CD44+) in the spleen and cecal tonsils at post-challenge. Furthermore, in vitro stimulation of chicken macrophages (MQ-NCSU cells) with purified individual species of E. acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella showed a significantly increased expression of TLR21, TLR2 and IFNγ genes as well as nitric oxide production. Collectively, these findings suggest that TLR21 and TLR2 may be involved in the immune cell recognition of Eimeria parasites and that the vaccine can induce a robust macrophage activation leading to a T helper-1 dominated protective response at both local and systemic lymphoid tissues.
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Tang S, Li J, Chang YF, Lin W. Avian Leucosis Virus-Host Interaction: The Involvement of Host Factors in Viral Replication. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907287. [PMID: 35693802 PMCID: PMC9178239 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus (ALV) causes various diseases associated with tumor formation and decreased fertility. Moreover, ALV induces severe immunosuppression, increasing susceptibility to other microbial infections and the risk of failure in subsequent vaccination against other diseases. There is growing evidence showing the interaction between ALV and the host. In this review, we will survey the present knowledge of the involvement of host factors in the important molecular events during ALV infection and discuss the futuristic perspectives from this angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Wencheng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Qu X, Li X, Li Z, Liao M, Dai M. Chicken Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Response to Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J Infection Assessed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:800618. [PMID: 35359721 PMCID: PMC8964181 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.800618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exhibit wide-ranging cell types, but current understanding of their subclasses, immune cell classification, and function is limited and incomplete. Here we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of PBMCs in Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infected and control chickens at 21 days post infection (DPI) to determine chicken PBMCs subsets and their specific molecular and cellular characteristics. Eight cell populations and their potential marker genes were identified in PBMCs. T cell populations had the strongest response to (ALV-J) infection, based on the detection of the largest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and could be further grouped into four subsets: activated CD4+ T cells, Th1-like cells, Th2-like cells, and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, pseudotime analysis results suggested that chicken CD4+ T cells could potentially differentiate into Th1-like and Th2-like cells. Moreover, ALV-J infection activated CD4+ T cell was probably inclined to differentiate into Th1-like cells. Compared to the control PBMCs, ALV-J infection also had an obvious impact on PBMCs composition. B cells showed inconspicuous response and their numbers decreased in PBMCs from ALV-J infected chicken. Proportions of cytotoxic Th1-like cells and CD8+ T cells increased in the T cell population of PBMCs from ALV-J infected chicken, which were potentially key mitigating effectors against ALV-J infection. More importantly, our results provide a rich resource of gene expression profiles of chicken PBMCs subsets for a systems-level understanding of their function in homeostatic condition as well as in response to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Qu
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Core Facilities for Medical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manman Dai
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Wu XH, Yao ZQ, Zhao QQ, Chen S, Hu ZZ, Xie Z, Chen LY, Ji J, Chen F, Zhang XH, Xie QM. Development and Application of a Reverse-transcription Recombinase-Aided Amplification Assay for Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101743. [PMID: 35240352 PMCID: PMC8889409 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Subgroup J Avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) is an important pathogen of poultry tumor diseases. Since its discovery, it has caused significant economic losses to the poultry industry. Thus, the rapid detection of molecular level with strong specificity is particularly important whether poultry are infected with ALV-J. In this study, we designed primers and probe for real-time fluorescent reverse-transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay (RT-RAA) based on the ALV-J gp85 sequence. We had established a real-time fluorescent RT-RAA method and confirmed this system by verifying the specificity and sensitivity of the primers and probe. In addition, repeatability tests and clinical sample regression tests were used for preliminary evaluation of this detection method. The sensitivity of established method was about 101 copies/μL, and the repeatability of the CV of the CT value is 4%, indicating repeatability is good. Moreover, there was no cross-reactivity with NDV, IBV, IBDV, H9N2, MDV, and REV, and other avian leukosis virus subgroups, such as subgroups A, B, C, D, K and E. Importantly, the real-time fluorescent RT-RAA completed the test within 30 min at a constant temperature of 41°C. Forty-two clinical samples with known background were tested, and the test results were coincided with 100%. Overall, these results suggested that the real-time fluorescent RT-RAA developed in this study had strong specificity, high sensitivity, and good feasibility. The method is simple, easy, and portable, that is suitable for clinical and laboratory diagnosis, and provides technical support for the prevention and control of ALV-J.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Wu
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Z Q Yao
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Q Q Zhao
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - S Chen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Z Z Hu
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Z Xie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - L Y Chen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - J Ji
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, P. R. China
| | - F Chen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P. R. China
| | - X H Zhang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P. R. China
| | - Q M Xie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P. R. China.
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12
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Liao L, Wu Z, Chen W, Zhang H, Li A, Yan Y, Xie Z, Li H, Lin W, Ma J, Zhang X, Xie Q. Anti-CD81 antibody blocks vertical transmission of avian leukosis virus subgroup J. Vet Microbiol 2021; 264:109293. [PMID: 34883334 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Control of ALV-J in breed of chicken is still a serious issue that need more attention to be paid. Vertical transmission of ALV-J often give rise to more adverse pathogenicity. However, the way to elimination of ALV-J underlying vertical transmission remains not-well understood. In addition, effective vaccines or drugs have not been developed to prevent and control the transmission of ALV-J so far. CD81, a member of the tetraspanins superfamily, plays important roles in regulating membrane proteins, facilitating cells adhesion or fusion, and also participates in viral infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether antibodies against certain tetraspanins affect infection of ALV-J. Here, we showed that anti-CD81 antibody could inhibit viral RNA and protein level. We also found that anti-CD81 antibody interacts with viral protein p27, p32 and gp37. Moreover, treatment with antibody to CD81 can effectively prevent the vertical transmission of ALV-J in animal model. Collectively, current study provides new avenues for the control of ALV-J transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Liao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, 527400, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Aijun Li
- College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Yiming Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Zi Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Hongxin Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Wencheng Lin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Jingyun Ma
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
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Hao X, Zhang F, Yang Y, Shang S. The Evaluation of Cellular Immunity to Avian Viral Diseases: Methods, Applications, and Challenges. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:794514. [PMID: 34950125 PMCID: PMC8689181 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.794514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular immune responses play critical roles in the control of viral infection. However, the immune protection against avian viral diseases (AVDs), a major challenge to poultry industry, is yet mainly evaluated by measuring humoral immune response though antibody-independent immune protection was increasingly evident in the development of vaccines against some of these diseases. The evaluation of cellular immune response to avian viral infection has long been neglected due to limited reagents and methods. Recently, with the availability of more immunological reagents and validated approaches, the evaluation of cellular immunity has become feasible and necessary for AVD. Herein, we reviewed the methods used for evaluating T cell immunity in chickens following infection or vaccination, which are involved in the definition of different cellular subset, the analysis of T cell activation, proliferation and cytokine secretion, and in vitro culture of antigen-presenting cells (APC) and T cells. The pros and cons of each method were discussed, and potential future directions to enhance the studies of avian cellular immunity were suggested. The methodological improvement and standardization in analyzing cellular immune response in birds after viral infection or vaccination would facilitate the dissection of mechanism of immune protection and the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics against AVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shaobin Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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14
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Dai M, Zhao L, Li Z, Li X, You B, Zhu S, Liao M. The Transcriptional Differences of Avian CD4 +CD8 + Double-Positive T Cells and CD8 + T Cells From Peripheral Blood of ALV-J Infected Chickens Revealed by Smart-Seq2. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:747094. [PMID: 34858872 PMCID: PMC8631335 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.747094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that chicken CD8+ T cell response is vital to clearing viral infections. However, the differences between T cell subsets expressing CD8 receptors in chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have not been compared. Herein, we used Smart-Seq2 scRNA-seq technology to characterize the difference of chicken CD8high+, CD8high αα+, CD8high αβ+, CD8medium+, and CD4+CD8low+ T cell subsets from PBMCs of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J)-infected chickens. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Trend analysis revealed that genes enriched in the “Cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction” pathway were most highly expressed in the CD8high αα+ T cell population, especially T cell activation or response-related genes including CD40LG, IL2RA, IL2RB, IL17A, IL1R1, TNFRSF25, and TNFRSF11, suggesting that CD8high αα+ T cells rather than other CD8 subpopulations were more responsive to ALV-J infections. On the other hand, genes involved in the “FoxO signaling pathway” and “TGF-beta signaling pathway” were most highly expressed in the CD4+CD8low+ (CD8low+) T cell population and the function of CD4+CD8low+ T cells may play roles in negatively regulating the functions of T cells based on the high expression of CCND1, ROCK1, FOXO1, FOXO3, TNFRSF18, and TNFRSF21. The selected gene expressions in CD8+ T cells and CD4+CD8low+ double-positive T cells confirmed by qRT-PCR matched the Smart-Seq2 data, indicating the reliability of the smart-seq results. The high expressions of Granzyme K, Granzyme A, and CCL5 indicated the positive response of CD8+ T cells. Conversely, CD4+CD8+ T cells may have the suppressor activity based on the low expression of activation molecules but high expression of T cell activity suppressor genes. These findings verified the heterogeneity and transcriptional differences of T cells expressing CD8 receptors in chicken PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Dai
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhao
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Core Facilities for Medical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen You
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sufang Zhu
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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He S, Zheng G, Zhou D, Huang L, Dong J, Cheng Z. High-frequency and activation of CD4 +CD25 + T cells maintain persistent immunotolerance induced by congenital ALV-J infection. Vet Res 2021; 52:119. [PMID: 34526112 PMCID: PMC8442411 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00989-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infection can induce persistent immunotolerance in chicken, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that congenital ALV-J infection induces the production of high-frequency and activated CD4+CD25+ Tregs that maintain persistent immunotolerance. A model of congenital infection by ALV-J was established in fertilized eggs, and hatched chicks showed persistent immunotolerance characterized by persistent viremia, immune organ dysplasia, severe imbalance of the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells in blood and immune organs, and significant decrease in CD3+ T cells and Bu-1+ B cells in the spleen. Concurrently, the mRNA levels of IL-2, IL-10, and IFN-γ showed significant fluctuations in immune organs. Moreover, the frequency of CD4+CD25+ Tregs in blood and immune organs significantly increased, and the frequency of CD4+CD25+ Tregs was positively correlated with changes in ALV-J load in immune organs. Interestingly, CD4+CD25+ Tregs increased in the marginal zone of splenic nodules in ALV-J-infected chickens and dispersed to the germinal center. In addition, the proliferation and activation of B cells in splenic nodules was inhibited, and the number of IgM+ and IgG+ cells in the marginal zone significantly decreased. We further found that the mRNA levels of TGF- β and CTLA-4 in CD4+CD25+ Tregs of ALV-J-infected chickens significantly increased. Together, high-frequency and activated CD4+CD25+ Tregs inhibited B cells functions by expressing the inhibitory cytokine TGF-β and inhibitory surface receptor CTLA-4, thereby maintaining persistent immunotolerance in congenital ALV-J-infected chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhai He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No 61, Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.,College of Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, No 1, North Ring Road, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Gaoying Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No 61, Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No 61, Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Li Huang
- College of Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, No 1, North Ring Road, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Jianguo Dong
- College of Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, No 1, North Ring Road, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No 61, Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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16
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Wang H, Chen X, Zhu L, Fang X, Gao K, Fang C, Liu J, Gu Y, Liang X, Yang Y. Preparation of a novel monoclonal antibody against Avian leukosis virus subgroup J Gp85 protein and identification of its epitope. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101108. [PMID: 34116348 PMCID: PMC8192869 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is an avian oncogenic retrovirus that has caused huge economic losses in the poultry industry due to its great pathogenicity and transmission ability. However, the continuous emergence of new strains would bring challenges to diagnosis and control of ALV-J. .This study focuses on preparing the monoclonal antibody (MAb) against ALV-J Gp85 and identifying its epitope. The truncated ALV-J gp85 gene fragment was amplified and then cloned into expression vectors. Purified GST-Gp85 was used to immune mice and His-Gp85 was used to screen MAb. Finally, a hybridoma cell line named J16 that produced specific MAb against the ALV-J. Immunofluorescence assay showed that MAb J16 specifically recognized ALV-J rather than ALV-A or ALV-K infected DF-1 cells. To identify the epitope recognized by MAb J16, fourteen partially overlapping ALV-J Gp85 fragments were prepared and tested by Western blot. The results indicated that peptide 150-LIRPYVNQ-157 was the minimal epitope of ALV-J Gp85 recognized by MAb J16. Alignment analysis of Gp85 from different ALV subgroups showed that the epitope keep high conservation among 36 ALV-J strains, but significant different from that of ALV subgroup A, B, C, D, E and K. Overall, we prepared a MAb specific against ALV-J and identified peptide 150-LIRPYVNQ-157 as a novel specific epitope of ALV-J Gp85, which may assist in laying the foundation for specific ALV-J detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houkun Wang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xueyang Chen
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Lilin Zhu
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiaowei Fang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Keli Gao
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Chun Fang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yufang Gu
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiongyan Liang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yuying Yang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
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Kheimar A, Klinger R, Bertzbach LD, Sid H, Yu Y, Conradie AM, Schade B, Böhm B, Preisinger R, Nair V, Kaufer BB, Schusser B. A Genetically Engineered Commercial Chicken Line Is Resistant to Highly Pathogenic Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1066. [PMID: 34069313 PMCID: PMC8157034 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases remain a major concern for animal health and global food production in modern agriculture. In chickens, avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) represents an important pathogen that causes severe economic loss. Until now, no vaccine or antiviral drugs are available against ALV-J and strategies to combat this pathogen in commercial flocks are desperately needed. CRISPR/Cas9 targeted genome editing recently facilitated the generation of genetically modified chickens with a mutation of the chicken ALV-J receptor Na+/H+ exchanger type 1 (chNHE1). In this study, we provide evidence that this mutation protects a commercial chicken line (NHE1ΔW38) against the virulent ALV-J prototype strain HPRS-103. We demonstrate that replication of HPRS-103 is severely impaired in NHE1ΔW38 birds and that ALV-J-specific antigen is not detected in cloacal swabs at later time points. Consistently, infected NHE1ΔW38 chickens gained more weight compared to their non-transgenic counterparts (NHE1W38). Histopathology revealed that NHE1W38 chickens developed ALV-J typical pathology in various organs, while no pathological lesions were detected in NHE1ΔW38 chickens. Taken together, our data revealed that this mutation can render a commercial chicken line resistant to highly pathogenic ALV-J infection, which could aid in fighting this pathogen and improve animal health in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kheimar
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (L.D.B.); (Y.Y.); (A.M.C.)
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, 82424 Sohag, Egypt
| | - Romina Klinger
- Reproductive Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (R.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Luca D. Bertzbach
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (L.D.B.); (Y.Y.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Hicham Sid
- Reproductive Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (R.K.); (H.S.)
| | - You Yu
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (L.D.B.); (Y.Y.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Andelé M. Conradie
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (L.D.B.); (Y.Y.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Benjamin Schade
- Bavarian Animal Health Service, Department of Pathology, 85586 Poing, Germany; (B.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Brigitte Böhm
- Bavarian Animal Health Service, Department of Pathology, 85586 Poing, Germany; (B.S.); (B.B.)
| | | | | | - Benedikt B. Kaufer
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (L.D.B.); (Y.Y.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Benjamin Schusser
- Reproductive Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (R.K.); (H.S.)
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18
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Wang P, Li M, Li H, Bi Y, Lin L, Shi M, Huang T, Mo M, Wei T, Wei P. ALV-J-contaminated commercial live vaccines induced pathogenicity in Three-Yellow chickens: one of the transmission routes of ALV-J to commercial chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101027. [PMID: 33647716 PMCID: PMC7921873 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One avian leukosis virus of subgroup J (ALV-J) strain GX14YYA1 was isolated from a commercial bivalent Newcastle disease (ND)–infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccine in our previous study. To evaluate the pathogenicity of the ALV-J-contaminated vaccine on commercial chickens, day-old Three-Yellow chicks in group I were vaccinated with ALV-J-contaminated bivalent ND-IB live vaccine by intranasal and eye drop at 1-day-old for the primary vaccination and at 7-day-old for the secondary vaccination. Groups II and III were kept as the normal vaccination group with the noncontaminated ND-IB vaccine and blank control groups, respectively. The birds of different groups were maintained separately in isolators for 175 d. The first viremia was detected at 4 wk of age and 20% (2/10) of the birds maintained viremia during 11 to 25 wk of age. At the same time, the birds in group I experienced a significant suppression of body weight gain when compared with those of groups II and III (P < 0.05). In addition, the birds in group I showed obvious ALV-J hemangioma-type anatomical lesions in the liver and tumors were observed in the abdominal cavity. The results demonstrated that the ALV-J contaminated commercial live vaccines can induce pathogenicity in commercial Three-Yellow chickens and indicate that ALV-J-contaminated commercial live vaccines could be one of the transmission routes of ALV-J to commercial chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikun Wang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Institute of Microbe and Host Health, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276005, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Haijuan Li
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuyu Bi
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lulu Lin
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Mengya Shi
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Teng Huang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Meilan Mo
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Tianchao Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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19
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Dai M, Li S, Keyi Shi, Sun H, Zhao L, Deshui Yu, Liao J, Xu C, Liao M. Comparative analysis of key immune protection factors in H9N2 avian influenza viruses infected and immunized specific pathogen-free chicken. Poult Sci 2020; 100:39-46. [PMID: 33357705 PMCID: PMC7772655 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIV) continue to circulate in vaccinated chicken flocks in China, which prompted us to investigate the differential immune protection factors induced by H9N2 AIV infection and immunization for analyzing the reason of protection deficiency of H9N2 AIV inactivated vaccine. In this study, we firstly explored virus-induced optimal immune responses in chicken after H9N2 AIV infection. And, we found that H9N2 hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody level, antiviral interferon-stimulated genes including 2′,5’-oligoadenylate synthetase-like and myxovirus resistance 1, CD8+ T cell response in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) accompanied by the cytotoxicity-associated genes, including poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and IFN-r play important roles in defending against H9N2 infection. Besides, we observed that vaccine immunization triggered the similar H9N2 HI antibody level as viral infection, the increase of CD4+ T cell percentage instead of CD8+ T cell percentage in PBL. Moreover, we further made a comparative analysis of immune-related gene expression profile in PBL and lung after H9N2 AIV infection and immunization, respectively. The results showed that vaccine immunization contributed to the up-regulation of Th2 cytokine. But the deficiency of cytotoxicity-associated genes induced by H9N2 AIV inactivated vaccine may be the potential key reason of protection deficiency. These findings provide evidence and direction for developing effective H9N2 AIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyi Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Deshui Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenggang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Pang Y, Zhou D, Zhou J, Xue J, Wang Y, Cheng Z. The Distribution and Localization of Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing-1 in Naturally and Experimentally Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J-Infected Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:565773. [PMID: 33102569 PMCID: PMC7546020 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.565773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (CTHRC1) has recently been identified as avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) replication-dependent factor that remarkably facilitates ALV-J replication via interaction with the envelope glycoprotein (SU) of ALV-J. However, the dynamic distribution and localization of CTHRC1 in various tissues upon ALV-J infection are still unknown. In this study, data revealed that the levels of CTHRC1 were significantly increased in various tissues and that the protein was mainly located in the cytoplasm and nucleus of parenchymal cells in tissues of chickens that were infected by ALV-J naturally and experimentally. Interestingly, CTHRC1 was also observed in leukocytes other than erythrocytes in congested veins of ALV-J-infected tissues. Consequently, the positive cells in these veins were confirmed as lymphocytes by laser confocal microscopy. Taken together, these results conclude that the CTHRC1 is an inducible protein and exhibited ubiquitous expression in ALV-J-infected chickens, which may provide basic information for in-depth study of ALV-J infection and replication mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jingwen Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yiya Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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