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Sánchez Herrera M, Forero D, Calor AR, Romero GQ, Riyaz M, Callisto M, de Oliveira Roque F, Elme-Tumpay A, Khan MK, Justino de Faria AP, Pires MM, Silva de Azevêdo CA, Juen L, Zakka U, Samaila AE, Hussaini S, Kemabonta K, Guillermo-Ferreira R, Ríos-Touma B, Maharaj G. Systematic challenges and opportunities in insect monitoring: a Global South perspective. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230102. [PMID: 38705182 PMCID: PMC11070269 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Insect monitoring is pivotal for assessing biodiversity and informing conservation strategies. This study delves into the complex realm of insect monitoring in the Global South-world developing and least-developed countries as identified by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development-highlighting challenges and proposing strategic solutions. An analysis of publications from 1990 to 2024 reveals an imbalance in research contributions between the Global North and South, highlighting disparities in entomological research and the scarcity of taxonomic expertise in the Global South. We discuss the socio-economic factors that exacerbate the issues, including funding disparities, challenges in collaboration, infrastructure deficits, information technology obstacles and the impact of local currency devaluation. In addition, we emphasize the crucial role of environmental factors in shaping insect diversity, particularly in tropical regions facing multiple challenges including climate change, urbanization, pollution and various anthropogenic activities. We also stress the need for entomologists to advocate for ecosystem services provided by insects in addressing environmental issues. To enhance monitoring capacity, we propose strategies such as community engagement, outreach programmes and cultural activities to instill biodiversity appreciation. Further, language inclusivity and social media use are emphasized for effective communication. More collaborations with Global North counterparts, particularly in areas of molecular biology and remote sensing, are suggested for technological advancements. In conclusion, advocating for these strategies-global collaborations, a diverse entomological community and the integration of transverse disciplines-aims to address challenges and foster inclusive, sustainable insect monitoring in the Global South, contributing significantly to biodiversity conservation and overall ecosystem health. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards a toolkit for global insect biodiversity monitoring'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Sánchez Herrera
- Department of Museum Research and Collections, University of Alabama Museums, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
- Laboratorio de Zoología y Ecología Acuática (LAZOEA), Biological Sciences Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - Dimitri Forero
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 11132, Colombia
| | - Adolfo Ricardo Calor
- Instituto de Biologia, Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, 40000-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Q. Romero
- Laboratório de Interações Multitróficas e Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CP 6109, Campinas-SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Muzafar Riyaz
- St Xavier's College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, CEP: 40170-115 7 – 627002, India
| | - Marcos Callisto
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte - MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fabio de Oliveira Roque
- Departamento de Biología, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Ciudade Universitaria, Pioneiros, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Douglas, Cairns, 4811, Queensland, Australia
| | - Araseli Elme-Tumpay
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Genética Ambiental (BioGeA), Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda, Mario Bravo 1460, CP1870 Piñeyro, Avellaneda, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Colección Entomológica, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Gabinete C-338, Pabellón C, Ciudad Universitaria de Perayoc, Cusco, 08003, Peru
| | - M. Kawsar Khan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Ana Paula Justino de Faria
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Rua João Cabral - Matinha, Teresina - PI, 64018-030, Brazil
| | - Mateus Marques Pires
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, 95914-014 Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Silva de Azevêdo
- Departamento de Biología, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Programa em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde, 65.055-310, Brazil
| | - Leandro Juen
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, UFPA, Belém - PA, 66077-830, Brazil
| | - Usman Zakka
- Department of Crop & Soil Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt 500272, Nigeria
| | - Akeweta Emmanuel Samaila
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Kashere: Kashere, P.M.B. 0182, Gombe State, Nigeria
| | - Suwaiba Hussaini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, 740272, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde Kemabonta
- Department of Zoology, University of Lagos: Akoka, Lagos, 100213, Nigeria
| | - Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira
- Centro de Pesquisas em Entomologia e Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba - MG, 38061-500, Brazil
| | - Blanca Ríos-Touma
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Universidad de Las Américas, Campus UDLAPARK, Quito, Ecuador 170513
| | - Gyanpriya Maharaj
- University of Guyana, Centre for the Study of Biological Diversity, Georgetown, Guyana
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Da Silva AG, Bach E, Ellwanger JH, Chies JAB. Tips and tools to obtain and assess mosquito viromes. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:132. [PMID: 38436750 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Due to their vectorial capacity, mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) receive special attention from health authorities and entomologists. These cosmopolitan insects are responsible for the transmission of many viral diseases, such as dengue and yellow fever, causing huge impacts on human health and justifying the intensification of research focused on mosquito-borne diseases. In this context, the study of the virome of mosquitoes can contribute to anticipate the emergence and/or the reemergence of infectious diseases. The assessment of mosquito viromes also contributes to the surveillance of a wide variety of viruses found in these insects, allowing the early detection of pathogens with public health importance. However, the study of mosquito viromes can be challenging due to the number and complexities of steps involved in this type of research. Therefore, this article aims to describe, in a straightforward and simplified way, the steps necessary for obtention and assessment of mosquito viromes. In brief, this article explores: the capture and preservation of specimens; sampling strategies; treatment of samples before DNA/RNA extraction; extraction methodologies; enrichment and purification processes; sequencing choices; and bioinformatics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Gonzalez Da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), UFRGS. Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Evelise Bach
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), UFRGS. Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), UFRGS. Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), UFRGS. Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Le Lay C, Stott MB, Shi M, Sadiq S, Holmes EC. A metatranscriptomic analysis of geothermal hot springs reveals diverse RNA viruses including the phylum Lenarviricota. Virology 2023; 587:109873. [PMID: 37647722 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the diversity of RNA viruses in geothermal systems. We generated total RNA sequencing data from two hot springs in Kuirau Park, Rotorua, New Zealand. In one data set, from a 71.8 °C pool, we observed a microbial community that was 98.5% archaea. The second data set, representing a cooler 36.8 °C geothermal hot spring, had a more diverse microbial profile: 58% bacteria, 34.5% eukaryotes and 7.5% archaea. Within this latter pool, we detected sequences likely representing 23 RNA viruses from the families Astroviridae, Tombusviridae, Polycipiviridae, Discistroviridae, Partitiviridae, and Mitoviridae, as well as from unclassified clades of the orders Tolivirales, Picornavirales, and Ghabrivirales. Most viruses had uncertain host associations. Of particular note, we identified four novel RNA viruses from the phylum Lenarviricota, commonly associated with bacteria and fungi, that occupied a divergent phylogenetic position within unclassified clades and may represent an ancient order-level taxon of unknown host association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Le Lay
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Matthew B Stott
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sabrina Sadiq
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Edward C Holmes
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Gyasi P, Bright Yakass M, Quaye O. Analysis of dengue fever disease in West Africa. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1850-1863. [PMID: 37452719 PMCID: PMC10792414 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231181356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever disease (DFD) which is caused by four antigenically distinct dengue viruses (DENV) presents a global health threat, with tropical and subtropical regions at a greater risk. The paucity of epidemiological data on dengue in West African subregion endangers efforts geared toward disease control and prevention. A systematic search of DFD prevalence, incidence, and DENV-infected Aedes in West Africa was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, African Index Medicus, and Google Scholar in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 58 human prevalence studies involving 35,748 people from 8 countries were identified. Two incidence and six DENV-infected studies were also reviewed. Nigeria and Burkina Faso contributed the majority of the prevalence studies which spanned between 1968 and 2018, with a considerable variation in coverage among the countries reviewed in this study. An average prevalence of 20.97% was observed across both general prevalence and acute DENV infection study categories, ranging between 0.02% and 93%. The majority of these studies were conducted in acute febrile patients with a prevalence range of 0.02-93% while 19% (n = 11) of all studies were general population-based studies and reported a prevalence range of 17.2-75.8%. DENV-infected Aedes aegypti were reported in four out of the five countries with published reports; with DENV-2 found circulating in Cape Verde, Senegal, and Burkina Faso while DENV-3 and DENV-4 were also reported in Senegal and Cape Verde, respectively. High prevalence of DFD in human populations and the occurrence of DENV-infected A. aegypti have been reported in West Africa, even though weaknesses in study design were identified. Epidemiological data from most countries and population in the subregion were scarce or non-existent. This study highlights the epidemic risk of DFD in West Africa, and the need for research and surveillance to be prioritized to fill the data gap required to enact effective control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Gyasi
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
| | - Michael Bright Yakass
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
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Abdulai A, Owusu-Asenso CM, Akosah-Brempong G, Mohammed AR, Sraku IK, Attah SK, Forson AO, Weetman D, Afrane YA. Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti in southern and northern Ghana. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:135. [PMID: 37072865 PMCID: PMC10111668 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05752-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outbreaks of Aedes-borne arboviral diseases are becoming rampant in Africa. In Ghana, there is no organized arboviral control programme with interventions restricted to mitigate outbreaks. Insecticide application is a crucial part of outbreak responses and future preventative control measures. Thus, knowledge of the resistance status and underlying mechanisms of Aedes populations is required to ensure optimal insecticide choices. The present study assessed the insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti populations from southern Ghana (Accra, Tema and Ada Foah) and northern Ghana (Navrongo) respectively. METHODS Phenotypic resistance was determined with WHO susceptibility tests using Ae. aegypti collected as larvae and reared into adults. Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations were detected using allele-specific PCR. Synergist assays were performed with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) to investigate the possible involvement of metabolic mechanisms in resistance phenotypes. RESULTS Resistance to DDT was moderate to high across sites (11.3 to 75.8%) and, for the pyrethroids deltamethrin and permethrin, moderate resistance was detected (62.5 to 88.8%). The 1534C kdr and 1016I kdr alleles were common in all sites (0.65 to 1) and may be on a trajectory toward fixation. In addition, a third kdr mutant, V410L, was detected at lower frequencies (0.03 to 0.31). Pre-exposure to PBO significantly increased the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to deltamethrin and permethrin (P < 0.001). This indicates that in addition to kdr mutants, metabolic enzymes (monooxygenases) may be involved in the resistance phenotypes observed in the Ae. aegypti populations in these sites. CONCLUSION Insecticide resistance underpinned by multiple mechanisms in Ae. aegypti indicates the need for surveillance to assist in developing appropriate vector control strategies for arboviral disease control in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa Abdulai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Christopher Mfum Owusu-Asenso
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gabriel Akosah-Brempong
- African Regional Postgraduate Program in Insect Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Abdul Rahim Mohammed
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Isaac Kwame Sraku
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Simon Kwaku Attah
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Akua Obeng Forson
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - David Weetman
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yaw Asare Afrane
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Bruner-Montero G, Luque CM, Cesar CS, Ding SD, Day JP, Jiggins FM. Hunting Drosophila viruses from wild populations: A novel isolation approach and characterisation of viruses. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1010883. [PMID: 36996192 PMCID: PMC10109509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metagenomic studies have demonstrated that viruses are extremely diverse and abundant in insects, but the difficulty of isolating them means little is known about the biology of these newly discovered viruses. To overcome this challenge in Drosophila, we created a cell line that was more permissive to infection and detected novel viruses by the presence of double-stranded RNA. We demonstrate the utility of these tools by isolating La Jolla virus (LJV) and Newfield virus (NFV) from several wild Drosophila populations. These viruses have different potential host ranges, with distinct abilities to replicate in five Drosophila species. Similarly, in some species they cause high mortality and in others they are comparatively benign. In three species, NFV but not LJV caused large declines in female fecundity. This sterilization effect was associated with differences in tissue tropism, as NFV but not LJV was able to infect Drosophila melanogaster ovaries. We saw a similar effect in the invasive pest of fruit crops Drosophila suzukii, where oral infection with NFV caused reductions in the fecundity, suggesting it has potential as a biocontrol agent. In conclusion, a simple protocol allowed us to isolate new viruses and demonstrate that viruses identified by metagenomics have a large effect on the fitness of the model organism D. melanogaster and related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspar Bruner-Montero
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Coiba Scientific Station, City of Knowledge, Clayton, Panama
| | - Carlos M Luque
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cássia Siqueira Cesar
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Ecology Department, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jonathan P Day
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Leal É, Ribeiro ESD'A, Monteiro FJC, Marques JP, Dos Santos Mendes D, Morais VS, Araújo ELL, Pandey RP, Chang CM, Deng X, Delwart E, da Costa AC, Lima K. Aedes aegypti Totivirus identified in mosquitoes in the Brazilian Amazon region. Virus Genes 2023; 59:167-172. [PMID: 36394716 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01955-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The totiviridae family contains viruses with double-stranded RNA genomes of 4.6-7.0 kpb, which encode a capsid protein (CP) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and they are approximately 40 nm in diameter with icosahedral symmetry. Totiviruses were first isolated from mosquitoes collected in Shaanxi Province (China). Here, we report a new Aedes aegypti Totivirus (AaTV) identified in mosquitoes from the Amazon rainforest. Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) were collected from a forest reserve belonging to the Amazon forest in the city of Macapá, Amapá state, Northern Brazil. A viral sequence with a 5748 nucleotide length that was nearly identical to Aedes aegypti Totivirus (AaTV), here named Aedes aegypti Totivirus BR59AP, was detected. A detailed molecular analysis was performed and shows that AaTV-BR59AP is highly related to the AaTV strain from the Caribbean region. We emphasize the importance of the characterization of new viruses in mosquitoes to deepen our understanding of viral diversity in insects and their potential role in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élcio Leal
- Laboratório de Diversidade Viral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belem, Pará, 66075-000, Brazil
| | | | - Fred Julio Costa Monteiro
- Public Health Laboratory of Amapa-LACEN/AP, Health Surveillance Superintendence of Amapa, Macapa, 68905-230, Brazil
| | - Julia Pantoja Marques
- Public Health Laboratory of Amapa-LACEN/AP, Health Surveillance Superintendence of Amapa, Macapa, 68905-230, Brazil
| | - Diuliana Dos Santos Mendes
- Public Health Laboratory of Amapa-LACEN/AP, Health Surveillance Superintendence of Amapa, Macapa, 68905-230, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S Morais
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo
- General Coordination of Public Health Laboratories of the Strategic Articulation, Department of the Health Surveillance, Secretariat of the Ministry of Health (CGLAB/DAEVS/SVS-MS), Brasília, 70719-040, Brazil
| | - Ramendra Pati Pandey
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Chung-Ming Chang
- Master & Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Industry, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1St Rd., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Xutao Deng
- Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94118-4417, USA.,Department Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Eric Delwart
- Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94118-4417, USA.,Department Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Antonio Charlys da Costa
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Kledoaldo Lima
- Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil. .,European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Leutragraben 1, 07743, Jena, Germany. .,Faculdade Pernambucana de Saúde, Recife, PE, 51150-000, Brazil.
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Is the Intergenic Region of Aedes aegypti Totivirus a Recombination Hotspot? Viruses 2022; 14:v14112467. [PMID: 36366565 PMCID: PMC9699231 DOI: 10.3390/v14112467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus totivirus in the family Totiviridae contains double-stranded RNA viruses. Their genome has two open reading frames (ORFs) that encode capsid protein (CP) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The toti-like viruses recently identified in Anopheles sp. and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes (AaTV) share the same genome organization as other totiviruses. The AaTVs that have been described in distinct geographical regions are monophyletic. In this study, we show that AaTV sequences can be grouped into at least three phylogenetic clades (named A, B, and C). Clades A and B are composed of AaTV sequences from mosquitoes collected in the Caribbean region (Guadeloupe), and clade C contains sequences from the USA. These clades may represent AaTV lineages that are locally adapted to their host populations. We also identified three recombinant AaTV strains circulating in mosquitoes in Guadeloupe. Although these strains have different chimeric patterns, the position of the recombination breakpoint was identical in all strains. Interestingly, this breakpoint is located in a hairpin-like structure in the intergenic region of the AaTV genome. This RNA structure may stall RNA polymerase processivity and consequently induce template switching. In vitro studies should be conducted to further investigate the biological significance of AaTV's intergenic region as a recombination hotspot.
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Colmant AMG, Charrel RN, Coutard B. Jingmenviruses: Ubiquitous, understudied, segmented flavi-like viruses. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:997058. [PMID: 36299728 PMCID: PMC9589506 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.997058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Jingmenviruses are a group of viruses identified recently, in 2014, and currently classified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses as unclassified Flaviviridae. These viruses closely related to flaviviruses are unique due to the segmented nature of their genome. The prototype jingmenvirus, Jingmen tick virus (JMTV), was discovered in Rhipicephalus microplus ticks collected from China in 2010. Jingmenviruses genomes are composed of four to five segments, encoding for up to seven structural proteins and two non-structural proteins, both of which display strong similarities with flaviviral non-structural proteins (NS2B/NS3 and NS5). Jingmenviruses are currently separated into two phylogenetic clades. One clade includes tick- and vertebrate-associated jingmenviruses, which have been detected in ticks and mosquitoes, as well as in humans, cattle, monkeys, bats, rodents, sheep, and tortoises. In addition to these molecular and serological detections, over a hundred human patients tested positive for jingmenviruses after developing febrile illness and flu-like symptoms in China and Serbia. The second phylogenetic clade includes insect-associated jingmenvirus sequences, which have been detected in a wide range of insect species, as well as in crustaceans, plants, and fungi. In addition to being found in various types of hosts, jingmenviruses are endemic, as they have been detected in a wide range of environments, all over the world. Taken together, all of these elements show that jingmenviruses correspond exactly to the definition of emerging viruses at risk of causing a pandemic, since they are already endemic, have a close association with arthropods, are found in animals in close contact with humans, and have caused sporadic cases of febrile illness in multiple patients. Despite these arguments, the vast majority of published data is from metagenomics studies and many aspects of jingmenvirus replication remain to be elucidated, such as their tropism, cycle of transmission, structure, and mechanisms of replication and restriction or epidemiology. It is therefore crucial to prioritize jingmenvirus research in the years to come, to be prepared for their emergence as human or veterinary pathogens.
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Agboli E, Tomazatos A, Maiga-Ascofaré O, May J, Lühken R, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Jöst H. Arbovirus Epidemiology: The Mystery of Unnoticed Epidemics in Ghana, West Africa. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1914. [PMID: 36296190 PMCID: PMC9610185 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is evident that all the countries surrounding Ghana have experienced epidemics of key arboviruses of medical importance, such as the recent dengue fever epidemic in Burkina Faso. Therefore, Ghana is considered a ripe zone for epidemics of arboviruses, mainly dengue. Surprisingly, Ghana never experienced the propounded deadly dengue epidemic. Indeed, it is mysterious because the mosquito vectors capable of transmitting the dengue virus, such as Aedes aegypti, were identified in Ghana through entomological investigations. Additionally, cases may be missed, as the diagnostic and surveillance capacities of the country are weak. Therefore, we review the arbovirus situation and outline probable reasons for the epidemic mystery in the country. Most of the recorded cases of arbovirus infections were usually investigated via serology by detecting IgM and IgG immunoglobulins in clinical samples, which is indicative of prior exposure but not an active case. This led to the identification of yellow fever virus and dengue virus as the main circulating arboviruses among the Ghanaian population. However, major yellow fever epidemics were reported for over a decade. It is important to note that the reviewed arboviruses were not frequently detected in the vectors. The data highlight the necessity of strengthening the diagnostics and the need for continuous arbovirus and vector surveillance to provide an early warning system for future arbovirus epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Agboli
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho PMB 31, Ghana
| | - Alexandru Tomazatos
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oumou Maiga-Ascofaré
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi 039-5028, Ghana
| | - Jürgen May
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renke Lühken
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Jöst
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Abstract
The virus family Totiviridae had originally been considered to include only viruses which infected fungal and protist hosts, but since 2006 a growing number of viruses found in invertebrates and fish have been shown to cluster phylogenetically within this family. These Totiviridae-like, or toti-like, viruses do not appear to belong within any existing genera of Totiviridae, and whilst a number of new genus names have been suggested, none has yet been universally accepted. Within this growing number of toti-like viruses from animal hosts, there exists emerging viral threats particularly to aquaculture, namely Infectious myonecrosis virus in whiteleg shrimp and Piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). PMCV in particular continues to be an issue in salmon aquaculture as a number of questions remain unanswered about how the virus is transmitted and the route of entry into host fish. Using a phylogenetic approach, this study shows how PMCV and the other fish toti-like viruses probably have deeper origins in an arthropod host. Based on this, it is hypothesized that sea lice could be acting as a vector for PMCV, as seen with other RNA viruses in Atlantic salmon aquaculture and in the toti-like Cucurbit yellows-associated virus which is spread by the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Tighe
- Marine Institute, Oranmore, Co. Galway H91 R673, Ireland
- Area 52 Research Group, School of Biology and Environmental Science/Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Neil M Ruane
- Marine Institute, Oranmore, Co. Galway H91 R673, Ireland
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Area 52 Research Group, School of Biology and Environmental Science/Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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12
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Colmant AMG, Furlong MJ, Etebari K. Discovery of a Novel Jingmenvirus in Australian Sugarcane Soldier Fly ( Inopus flavus) Larvae. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061140. [PMID: 35746612 PMCID: PMC9229714 DOI: 10.3390/v14061140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In Australia, soldier flies are major pests of sugarcane, and they can cause significant yield losses in some areas, possibly due to the virus’ transmission to the plants. We sequenced fly larvae salivary glands and identified a novel jingmenvirus, putatively named Inopus flavus jingmenvirus 1 (IFJV1). Phylogenetic trees confirmed that IFJV1 groups with insect-associated jingmenviruses, newly identified flavivirus-like viruses with a segmented genome. After the design and the validation of molecular detection systems for IFJV1, larval homogenates were passaged on insect and vertebrate cells, but IFJV1 could only be detected in the first two passages in insect cells and not at all in vertebrate cells. Despite this lack of consistent replication in laboratory models, this virus does replicate in its host Inopus flavus, as sequenced, small RNA from the larvae matched the IFJV1 sequences. Moreover, they were found to be predominantly 21 nucleotides long and map to the whole sequences on both strands, which is typical of an actively replicating virus. This discovery confirms the worldwide presence of jingmenviruses which, until now, had only been detected on four continents. However, the study of IFJV1 tropism and the possible pathogenicity to its host or the sugarcane it parasitizes requires the development of a stable replication model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe M. G. Colmant
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), 13005 Marseille, France;
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael J. Furlong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.J.F.); (K.E.)
| | - Kayvan Etebari
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.J.F.); (K.E.)
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13
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Oguzie JU, Nwangwu UC, Oluniyi PE, Olumade TJ, George UE, Kazeem A, Bankole BE, Brimmo FO, Asadu CC, Chukwuekezie OC, Ochu JC, Makwe CO, Dogunro FA, Onwude CO, Nwachukwu WE, Ezihe EK, Okonkwo GK, Umazi NE, Maikere J, Agashi NO, Eloy EI, Anokwu SO, Okoronkwo AI, Nwosu EM, Etiki SO, Ngwu IM, Ihekweazu C, Folarin OA, Komolafe IOO, Happi CT. Metagenomic sequencing characterizes a wide diversity of viruses in field mosquito samples in Nigeria. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7616. [PMID: 35538241 PMCID: PMC9090917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito vectors are a tremendous public health threat. One in six diseases worldwide is vector-borne transmitted mainly by mosquitoes. In the last couple of years, there have been active Yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreaks in many settings in Nigeria, and nationwide, entomological surveillance has been a significant effort geared towards understanding these outbreaks. In this study, we used a metagenomic sequencing approach to characterize viruses present in vector samples collected during various outbreaks of Yellow fever (YF) in Nigeria between 2017 and 2020. Mosquito samples were grouped into pools of 1 to 50 mosquitoes, each based on species, sex and location. Twenty-five pools of Aedes spp and one pool of Anopheles spp collected from nine states were sequenced and metagenomic analysis was carried out. We identified a wide diversity of viruses belonging to various families in this sample set. Seven different viruses detected included: Fako virus, Phasi Charoen-like virus, Verdadero virus, Chaq like-virus, Aedes aegypti totivirus, cell fusing agent virus and Tesano Aedes virus. Although there are no reports of these viruses being pathogenic, they are an understudied group in the same families and closely related to known pathogenic arboviruses. Our study highlights the power of next generation sequencing in identifying Insect specific viruses (ISVs), and provide insight into mosquito vectors virome in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith U Oguzie
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Udoka C Nwangwu
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Paul E Oluniyi
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Testimony J Olumade
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Uwem E George
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Akano Kazeem
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Bolajoko E Bankole
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Farida O Brimmo
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Chukwuemeka C Asadu
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Josephine C Ochu
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Festus A Dogunro
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Cosmas O Onwude
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Ebuka K Ezihe
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Jacob Maikere
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF Belgium), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Nneka O Agashi
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Emelda I Eloy
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Stephen O Anokwu
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Angela I Okoronkwo
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ebuka M Nwosu
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Sandra O Etiki
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma M Ngwu
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Onikepe A Folarin
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Isaac O O Komolafe
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Christian T Happi
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria.
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14
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Amoa-Bosompem M, Kobayashi D, Faizah AN, Kimura S, Antwi A, Agbosu E, Pratt D, Ohashi M, Bonney JHK, Dadzie S, Ejiri H, Ohta N, Sawabe K, Iwanaga S, Isawa H. Screening for tick-borne and tick-associated viruses in ticks collected in Ghana. Arch Virol 2021; 167:123-130. [PMID: 34757503 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ticks are blood-sucking arthropods that transmit many pathogens, including arboviruses. Arboviruses transmitted by ticks are generally referred to as tick-borne viruses (TBVs). TBVs are known to cause diseases in humans, pets, and livestock. There is, however, very limited information on the occurrence and distribution of TBVs in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was designed to determine the presence and distribution of ticks infesting dogs and cattle in Ghana, as well as to identify the tick-borne or tick-associated viruses they harbour. A more diverse population of ticks was found to infest cattle (three genera) relative to those infesting dogs (one genus). Six phleboviruses and an orthonairovirus were detected in tick pools screened by RT-PCR. Subsequent sequence analysis revealed two distinct phleboviruses and the previously reported Odaw virus in ticks collected from dogs and a virus (16GH-T27) most closely related to four unclassified phleboviruses in ticks collected from cattle. The virus 16GH-T27 was considered a strain of Balambala tick virus (BTV) and named BTV strain 16GH-T27. Next-generation sequencing analysis of the BTV-positive tick pool detected only the L and S segments. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that BTV clustered with viruses previously defined as M-segment-deficient phleboviruses. The orthonairovirus detected in ticks collected from cattle was confirmed to be the medically important Dugbe virus. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of understanding the presence and distribution of ticks and TBVs in disease prevention and mitigation and the implications for public health. Our findings contribute to the knowledge pool on TBVs and tick-associated viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Amoa-Bosompem
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.,Laboratory of Sanitary Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box LG581, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Astri Nur Faizah
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shohei Kimura
- Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ama Antwi
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box LG581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Esinam Agbosu
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box LG581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Deborah Pratt
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box LG581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mitsuko Ohashi
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box LG581, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Joseph H Kofi Bonney
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box LG581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Dadzie
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box LG581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Hiroko Ejiri
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Nobuo Ohta
- Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka-cyo, Suzuka-shi, Mie, 510-0293, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sawabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shiroh Iwanaga
- Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.,Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Osaka, 565-0871, Suita, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
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15
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Agboli E, Zahouli JBZ, Badolo A, Jöst H. Mosquito-Associated Viruses and Their Related Mosquitoes in West Africa. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050891. [PMID: 34065928 PMCID: PMC8151702 DOI: 10.3390/v13050891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-associated viruses (MAVs), including mosquito-specific viruses (MSVs) and mosquito-borne (arbo)viruses (MBVs), are an increasing public, veterinary, and global health concern, and West Africa is projected to be the next front for arboviral diseases. As in-depth knowledge of the ecologies of both western African MAVs and related mosquitoes is still limited, we review available and comprehensive data on their diversity, abundance, and distribution. Data on MAVs’ occurrence and related mosquitoes were extracted from peer-reviewed publications. Data on MSVs, and mosquito and vertebrate host ranges are sparse. However, more data are available on MBVs (i.e., dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, Zika, and Rift Valley fever viruses), detected in wild and domestic animals, and humans, with infections more concentrated in urban areas and areas affected by strong anthropogenic changes. Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Aedes albopictus are incriminated as key arbovirus vectors. These findings outline MAV, related mosquitoes, key knowledge gaps, and future research areas. Additionally, these data highlight the need to increase our understanding of MAVs and their impact on host mosquito ecology, to improve our knowledge of arbovirus transmission, and to develop specific strategies and capacities for arboviral disease surveillance, diagnostic, prevention, control, and outbreak responses in West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Agboli
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany;
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho PMB 31, Ghana
| | - Julien B. Z. Zahouli
- Centre d’Entomologie Médicale et Vétérinaire, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouake, 27 BP 529 Abidjan 27, Cote D’Ivoire;
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Département de Recherche et Développement, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Cote D’Ivoire
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Athanase Badolo
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Entomology, Universitée Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso;
| | - Hanna Jöst
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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16
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Amoa-Bosompem M, Kobayashi D, Itokawa K, Murota K, Faizah AN, Azerigyik FA, Hayashi T, Ohashi M, Bonney JHK, Dadzie S, Tran CC, Tran PV, Fujita R, Maekawa Y, Kasai S, Yamaoka S, Ohta N, Sawabe K, Iwanaga S, Isawa H. Determining vector competence of Aedes aegypti from Ghana in transmitting dengue virus serotypes 1 and 2. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:228. [PMID: 33926510 PMCID: PMC8082837 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, but is not endemic in all areas where this vector is found. For example, the relatively sparse distribution of cases in West Africa is generally attributed to the refractory nature of West African Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) to DENV infection, and particularly the forest-dwelling Ae. aegypti formosus. However, recent studies have shown these mosquitoes to be competent vectors within some West African countries that have suffered outbreaks in the past, such as Senegal. There is however little information on the vector competence of the Ae. aegypti in West African countries such as Ghana with no reported outbreaks. Methods This study examined the vector competence of 4 Ae. aegypti colonies from urban, semi-urban, and two rural locations in Ghana in transmitting DENV serotypes 1 and 2, using a single colony from Vietnam as control. Midgut infection and virus dissemination were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), while the presence and concentration of DENV in the saliva of infectious mosquitoes was determined by the focus forming assay. Results There were significant differences in the colonies’ susceptibility to virus infection, dissemination, and transmission. All examined Ghanaian mosquitoes were refractory to infection by DENV serotype 2, while some colonies exhibited potential to transmit DENV serotype 1. None of the tested colonies were as competent as the control group colony. Conclusions These findings give insight into the possible risk of outbreaks, particularly in the urban areas in the south of Ghana, and highlight the need for continuous surveillance to determine the transmission status and outbreak risk. This study also highlights the need to prevent importation of different DENV strains and potential invasion of new highly vector-competent Ae. aegypti strains, particularly around the ports of entry. Graphic Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Amoa-Bosompem
- Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Laboratory of Sanitary Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Itokawa
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Murota
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.,Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Chuzan, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Astri Nur Faizah
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Faustus Akankperiwen Azerigyik
- Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Takaya Hayashi
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Ohashi
- Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph H Kofi Bonney
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Dadzie
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Cuong Chi Tran
- Medical Entomology and Zoology Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phong Vu Tran
- Medical Entomology and Zoology Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ryosuke Fujita
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Sanitary Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Maekawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kasai
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamaoka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Ohta
- Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sawabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiroh Iwanaga
- Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Center for Infectious Disease Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
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17
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Laureti M, Paradkar PN, Fazakerley JK, Rodriguez-Andres J. Superinfection Exclusion in Mosquitoes and Its Potential as an Arbovirus Control Strategy. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111259. [PMID: 33167513 PMCID: PMC7694488 DOI: 10.3390/v12111259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuing emergence of arbovirus disease outbreaks around the world, despite the use of vector control strategies, warrants the development of new strategies to reduce arbovirus transmission. Superinfection exclusion, a phenomenon whereby a primary virus infection prevents the replication of a second closely related virus, has potential to control arbovirus disease emergence and outbreaks. This phenomenon has been observed for many years in plants, insects and mammalian cells. In this review, we discuss the significance of identifying novel vector control strategies, summarize studies exploring arbovirus superinfection exclusion and consider the potential for this phenomenon to be the basis for novel arbovirus control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Laureti
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity and Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, VIC 3000 Melbourne, Australia;
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Diseases Preparedness, VIC 3220 Geelong, Australia;
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (J.R.-A.)
| | - Prasad N. Paradkar
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Diseases Preparedness, VIC 3220 Geelong, Australia;
| | - John K. Fazakerley
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity and Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, VIC 3000 Melbourne, Australia;
| | - Julio Rodriguez-Andres
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity and Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, VIC 3000 Melbourne, Australia;
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (J.R.-A.)
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Amoa-Bosompem M, Kobayashi D, Itokawa K, Faizah AN, Kuwata R, Dadzie S, Hayashi T, Yamaoka S, Sawabe K, Iwanaga S, Isawa H. Establishment and characterization of a cell line from Ghanaian Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) focusing on Aedes-borne flavivirus susceptibility. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:792-798. [PMID: 33000384 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are generally considered one of the most important vectors of arboviruses, with Aedes aegypti regarded as the most important in transmission of yellow fever and dengue viruses. To investigate why there are differences in the incidence of dengue fever and Zika in different geographical areas and an absence of outbreaks in Ghana in spite of an abundance of A. aegypti mosquitoes, we established a continuous cell line from embryonic cells of A. aegypti collected in Ghana and assessed its susceptibility to dengue, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. The new cell line (designated AeAe-GH98), having an adhesive spindle-shaped web-like morphology, was serially subcultured in both VP-12 and Schneider's medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum. AeAe-GH98 cells were found to have a population doubling time of 1.3 d during exponential growth. The mosquito colony used to establish the cell line was confirmed to have originated from Africa using microsatellite assay. In terms of susceptibility to Aedes-borne flaviviruses, AeAe-GH98 cells were found to have different degrees of susceptibility to yellow fever, Zika, and dengue virus infection and propagation. While susceptibility of AeAe-GH98 cells to yellow fever and Zika viruses was comparable with that of C6/36 cells, susceptibility to dengue virus was significantly lower. This cell line will serve as a useful tool for determining molecular factors influencing virus-vector susceptibility in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Amoa-Bosompem
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.,Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-850, Japan.,Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, P.O.Box LG581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kentaro Itokawa
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Astri Nur Faizah
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryusei Kuwata
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
| | - Samuel Dadzie
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, P.O.Box LG581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Takaya Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-850, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamaoka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-850, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sawabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shiroh Iwanaga
- Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-850, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
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Ribeiro GDO, Morais VS, Monteiro FJC, Ribeiro ESD, Rego MODS, Souto RNP, Villanova F, Tahmasebi R, Hefford PM, Deng X, Delwart E, Cerdeira Sabino E, Fernandes LN, da Costa AC, Leal É. Aedes aegypti from Amazon Basin Harbor High Diversity of Novel Viral Species. Viruses 2020; 12:E866. [PMID: 32784421 PMCID: PMC7472207 DOI: 10.3390/v12080866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are the most diverse and abundant microorganisms on earth, highly adaptive to a wide range of hosts. Viral diversity within invertebrate hosts has gained notoriety in recent years in public health as several such viruses have been of medical importance. Aedes aegypti serves as a vector for several viruses that have caused epidemics within the last year throughout Brazil; including Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya. This study aimed to identify new viral agents within Aedes aegypti mosquito in a city of the Amazonian region, where it is highly endemic. Metagenomic investigation was performed on 60 mosquito pools and viral RNA sequences present in their microbiota were characterized using genomic and phylogenetic tools. In total, we identified five putative novel virus species related to the Sobemovirus genus, Iflavirus genus and Permutatetraviridae family. These findings indicate a diverse taxonomy of viruses present in the mosquito microbiota of the Amazon, the region with the greatest invertebrate diversity in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa S Morais
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Fred Julio Costa Monteiro
- Public Health Laboratory of Amapa-LACEN/AP, Health Surveillance Superintendence of Amapa, Macapa 68905-230, Amapa, Brazil
| | | | - Marlisson Octavio da S Rego
- Public Health Laboratory of Amapa-LACEN/AP, Health Surveillance Superintendence of Amapa, Macapa 68905-230, Amapa, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiola Villanova
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, 66075-000, Brazil
| | - Roozbeh Tahmasebi
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Philip Michael Hefford
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Derriford Road, Crownhill, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK
| | - Xutao Deng
- Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94118-4417, USA
- Department Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eric Delwart
- Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94118-4417, USA
- Department Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Licia Natal Fernandes
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | | | - Élcio Leal
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, 66075-000, Brazil
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