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Ahmed A, Khan HA, Jamal A, Virk N, Bhatti MF. Characterization of two novel fusariviruses co-infecting a single isolate of phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Virus Genes 2024; 60:402-411. [PMID: 38717669 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-024-02073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
A wide diversity of mycoviruses has been reported from Botrytis species, some with the potential to suppress the pathogenic abilities of this fungus. Considering their importance, this study was devised to find potential hypovirulence-associated mycoviruses found in Botrytis cinerea strains isolated from Pakistani strawberry fields. Here we report the complete genome characterization of two fusariviruses co-infecting a single isolate of phytopathogenic fungus B. cinerea (Kst14a). The viral genomes were sequenced by deep sequencing using total RNA fractions of the Kst14a isolate. The identified viruses were tentatively named Botrytis cinerea fusarivirus 9 (BcFV9) and Botrytis cinerea fusarivirus 3a (BcFV3a). Both viruses had a single-segmented (ssRNA) genome having a size of 6424 and 8370 nucleotides encoding two discontinuous open reading frames (ORFs). ORF-1 of both mycoviruses encodes for a polyprotein having a conserved domain of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) and a helicase domain (Hel) which function in RNA replication, while ORF2 encodes a hypothetical protein with an unknown function, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that BcFV9 made a clade with the genus Alphafusarivirus and BcFV3a fall in the genus Betafusarivirus in the family Fusariviridae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of two fusariviruses identified in isolates of B. cinerea from Pakistan. Both mycoviruses successfully transfected to a compatible strain of B. cinerea (Mst11). A comparison of virus-free (VF) and virus-infected (VI) isogenic lines showed the presence of these viruses was causing hypovirulence in infected strains. Virus-infected strains also had a small lesion size while testing the pathogenicity via apple assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel Ahmed
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haris Ahmed Khan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mianwali, Punjab, 42200, Pakistan
| | - Atif Jamal
- Crop Disease Research Institute (CDRI), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nasar Virk
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
- EBS Business School, EBS Universität für Wirtschaft und Recht, Rheingaustrasse 1, 65375, Oestrich-Winkel, Germany
| | - Muhammad Faraz Bhatti
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Li Q, Wang C, Xiao H, Zhang Y, Xie Y. 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, a more effective antifungal aroma than vanillin and its derivatives against Fusarium graminearum, destroys cell membranes, inhibits DON biosynthesis, and performs a promising antifungal effect on wheat grains. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1359947. [PMID: 38468857 PMCID: PMC10925628 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1359947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum) is a severe pathogen threatening the safety of agriculture and food. This study aimed to explore the antifungal efficacies of several plant-derived natural compounds (vanillin and its derivatives) against the growth of F. graminearum and investigate the antifungal mechanism of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (HMB), the strongest one. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of HMB in inhibiting mycelial growth was 200 μg/mL. HMB at MIC damaged cell membranes by increasing the permeability by about 6-fold (p < 0.05) as evidenced by propidium iodide (PI) staining. Meanwhile, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glycerol was increased by 45.91 and 576.19% by HMB treatment at MIC, respectively, indicating that lipid oxidation and osmotic stress occurred in the cell membrane. Furthermore, HMB exerted a strong antitoxigenic role as the content of deoxynivalenol (DON) was remarkably reduced by 93.59% at MIC on 7th day. At last, the antifungal effect of HMB against F. graminearum was also confirmed on wheat grains. These results not only revealed the antifungal mechanism of HMB but also suggested that HMB could be applied as a promising antifungal agent in the preservation of agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Grain, Oil and Food Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Grain and Reserves Administration/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Grain, Oil and Food Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Grain and Reserves Administration/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongying Xiao
- Grain, Oil and Food Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Grain and Reserves Administration/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Grain, Oil and Food Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Grain and Reserves Administration/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanli Xie
- Grain, Oil and Food Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Grain and Reserves Administration/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Hough B, Steenkamp E, Wingfield B, Read D. Fungal Viruses Unveiled: A Comprehensive Review of Mycoviruses. Viruses 2023; 15:1202. [PMID: 37243288 PMCID: PMC10224137 DOI: 10.3390/v15051202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoviruses (viruses of fungi) are ubiquitous throughout the fungal kingdom and are currently classified into 23 viral families and the genus botybirnavirus by the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). The primary focus of mycoviral research has been on mycoviruses that infect plant pathogenic fungi, due to the ability of some to reduce the virulence of their host and thus act as potential biocontrol against these fungi. However, mycoviruses lack extracellular transmission mechanisms and rely on intercellular transmission through the hyphal anastomosis, which impedes successful transmission between different fungal strains. This review provides a comprehensive overview of mycoviruses, including their origins, host range, taxonomic classification into families, effects on their fungal counterparts, and the techniques employed in their discovery. The application of mycoviruses as biocontrol agents of plant pathogenic fungi is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brenda Wingfield
- Forestry & Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Department of Biochemistry, Genetics & Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (B.H.); (E.S.); (D.R.)
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Huang H, Hua X, Pang X, Zhang Z, Ren J, Cheng J, Fu Y, Xiao X, Lin Y, Chen T, Li B, Liu H, Jiang D, Xie J. Discovery and Characterization of Putative Glycoprotein-Encoding Mycoviruses in the Bunyavirales. J Virol 2023; 97:e0138122. [PMID: 36625579 PMCID: PMC9888262 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01381-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although segmented negative-sense RNA viruses (SNSRVs) have been frequently discovered in various fungi, most SNSRVs reported only the large segments. In this study, we investigated the diversity of the mycoviruses in the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium asiaticum using the metatranscriptomic technique. We identified 17 fungal single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses including nine viruses within Mitoviridae, one each in Narnaviridae, Botourmiaviridae, Hypoviridae, Fusariviridae, and Narliviridae, two in Mymonaviridae, and one trisegmented virus temporarily named Fusarium asiaticum mycobunyavirus 1 (FaMBV1). The FaMBV1 genome comprises three RNA segments, large (L), medium (M), and small (S) with 6,468, 2,639, and 1,420 nucleotides, respectively. These L, M, and S segments putatively encode the L protein, glycoprotein, and nucleocapsid, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the L protein showed that FaMBV1 is phylogenetically clustered with Alternaria tenuissima negative-stranded RNA virus 2 (AtNSRV2) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 5 (SsNSRV5) but distantly related to the members of the family Phenuiviridae. FaMBV1 could be vertically transmitted by asexual spores with lower efficiency (16.7%, 2/42). Comparison between FaMBV1-free and -infected fungal strains revealed that FaMBV1 has little effect on hyphal growth, pathogenicity, and conidium production, and its M segment is dispensable for viral replication and lost during subculture and asexual conidiation. The M and S segments of AtNSRV2 and SsNSRV5 were found using bioinformatics methods, indicating that the two fungal NSRVs harbor trisegmented genomes. Our results provide a new example of the existence and evolution of the segmented negative-sense RNA viruses in fungi. IMPORTANCE Fungal segmented negative-sense RNA viruses (SNSRVs) have been frequently found. Only the large segment encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) has been reported in most fungal SNSRVs, except for a few fungal SNSRVs reported to encode nucleocapsids, nonstructural proteins, or movement proteins. Virome analysis of the Fusarium spp. that cause Fusarium head blight discovered a novel virus, Fusarium asiaticum mycobunyavirus 1 (FaMBV1), representing a novel lineage of the family Phenuiviridae. FaMBV1 harbors a trisegmented genome that putatively encodes RdRp, glycoproteins, and nucleocapsids. The putative glycoprotein was first described in fungal SNSRVs and shared homology with glycoprotein of animal phenuivirus but was dispensable for its replication in F. asiaticum. Two other trisegmented fungal SNSRVs that also encode glycoproteins were discovered, implying that three-segment bunyavirus infections may be common in fungi. These findings provide new insights into the ecology and evolution of SNSRVs, particularly those infecting fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangmin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xidan Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingyi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and NWAFU-Purdue Joint Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiasen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanping Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xueqiong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huiquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and NWAFU-Purdue Joint Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daohong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiatao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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5
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Zhang X, Wu C, Hua H, Cai Q, Wu X. Characterization of the First Alternavirus Identified in Fusarium avenaceum, the Causal Agent of Potato Dry Rot. Viruses 2023; 15:145. [PMID: 36680185 PMCID: PMC9864086 DOI: 10.3390/v15010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel virus with a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome was isolated from Fusarium avenaceum strain GS-WW-224, the causal agent of potato dry rot. The virus has been designated as Fusarium avenaceum alternavirus 1 (FaAV1). Its genome consists of two dsRNA segments, 3538 bp (dsRNA1) and 2477 bp (dsRNA2) in length, encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and a hypothetical protein (HP), respectively. The virions of FaAV1 are isometric spherical and approximately 30 nm in diameter. Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analyses based on the amino acid sequences of RdRp and HP indicated that FaAV1 appears to be a new member of the proposed family Alternaviridae. No significant differences in colony morphology and spore production were observed between strains GS-WW-224 and GS-WW-224-VF, the latter strain being one in which FaAV1 was eliminated from strain GS-WW-224. Notably, however, the dry weight of mycelial biomass of GS-WW-224 was higher than that of mycelial biomass of GS-WW-224-VF. The depth and the width of lesions on potato tubers caused by GS-WW-224 were significantly greater, relative to GS-WW-224-VF, suggesting that FaAV1 confers hypervirulence to its host, F. avenaceum. Moreover, FaAV1 was successfully transmitted horizontally from GS-WW-224 to ten other species of Fusarium, and purified virions of FaAV1 were capable of transfecting wounded hyphae of the ten species of Fusarium. This is the first report of an alternavirus infecting F. avenaceum and conferring hypervirulence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xuehong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
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6
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Antifungal activity and inhibitory mechanisms of ferulic acid against the growth of Fusarium graminearum. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Paudel B, Pedersen C, Yen Y, Marzano SYL. Fusarium Graminearum Virus-1 Strain FgV1-SD4 Infection Eliminates Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol Synthesis by Fusarium graminearum in FHB. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081484. [PMID: 35893542 PMCID: PMC9394287 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) toxin production during the infection of F. graminearum in small grain crops is one of the most harmful virulence factors associated with economic losses. Metatranscriptome sequencing and RT-qPCR traced back that the only mycovirus infecting an F. graminearum isolate, designated as Fg-4-2, was a novel strain of Fusarium graminearum virus 1 (FgV1), designated as FgV1-SD4. The isolate Fg-4-2 showed significantly reduced virulence against wheat compared to the virus-free culture, designated as isolate Fg-4-1, which was obtained by deep freezing and single conidial germination. Notably, no DON accumulation was detected in the harvested wheat seeds infected by Fg-4-2, whereas ~18 ppm DON was detected in seeds infected by Fg-4-1. Comparison of the genome sequence of FgV1-SD4 with other identified strains of FgV1, i.e., FgV1-DK21 and FgV1-ch, indicates mutations on ORF-2 and the 3′-UTR in the genome that might be associated with hypovirulence. This mycovirus strain alone and specific genetic components of FgV1-SD4 can be further optimized to be developed as a biocontrol agent to reduce Fusarium head blight and to lower the DON accumulation levels in small grain crops due to this fungal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Paudel
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (B.P.); (C.P.)
| | - Connor Pedersen
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (B.P.); (C.P.)
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Yang Yen
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (B.P.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (S.-Y.L.M.)
| | - Shin-Yi Lee Marzano
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (B.P.); (C.P.)
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (S.-Y.L.M.)
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Xie Y, Wang Z, Li K, Liu D, Jia Y, Gao F, Dai J, Zhang S, Zhang X, Li H. A Megabirnavirus Alleviates the Pathogenicity of Fusarium pseudograminearum to Wheat. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1175-1184. [PMID: 34889668 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-21-0126-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium pseudograminearum is a phytopathogen that causes wheat crown rot disease worldwide. Fusarium pseudograminearum megabirnavirus 1 (FpgMBV1) was isolated from the hypovirulent strain FC136-2A of F. pseudograminearum as a novel double-stranded RNA mycovirus belonging to the family Megabirnaviridae. Here we examined the effects of FpgMBV1 on colony morphology and pathogenicity of F. pseudograminearum. Through hyphal tip culture, we obtained virus-free progeny of strain FC136-2A, referred to as FC136-2A-V-. FpgMBV1 was transferred horizontally to another virus-free strain, WZ-8A-HygR-V-. The progeny obtained through horizontal transfer was referred to as WZ-8A-HygR-V+. Colony morphology was similar between the FpgMBV1-positive and -negative strains. The ability to penetrate cellophane in vitro was lost, and pathogenicity on wheat plants was reduced significantly in the FpgMBV1-positive strains relative to the FpgMBV1-negative strains. Microscopic observations showed a 6-h delay in the formation of appressoria-like structures in FC136-2A relative to FC136-2A-V-. Mycelium extension was significantly longer in wheat coleoptiles infected by WZ-8A-HygR-V- than in that infected by WZ-8A-HygR-V+ at 12 and 20 h after inoculation (hai). In addition, expression of five genes that encode cell wall-degrading enzymes differed significantly between FpgMBV1-positive and -negative strains at 12 and 20 hai during early infection of wheat cells by conidia. This study provides evidence for the hypovirulence effect of FpgMBV1 on F. pseudograminearum and suggests that the underlying mechanism involves unsuccessful early infection and perhaps cell wall degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xie
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Dongwei Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yifan Jia
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Fei Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Junli Dai
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Honglian Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
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Sahin E, Keskin E, Akata I. The unique genome organization of two novel fusariviruses hosted by the true morel mushroom Morchella esculenta. Virus Res 2021; 302:198486. [PMID: 34146607 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two putative mycoviruses belonging to the proposed family "Fusariviridae" were identified in Morchella esculenta by sequencing of double-stranded RNAs extracted from the morel mushroom. These viruses were tentatively named "Morchella esculenta fusarivirus 1″ (MeFV1) and "Morchella esculenta fusarivirus 2″ (MeFV2). Including the poly(A) tail the complete genomes of MeFV1 and MeFV2 are composed of 9096 and 9011 nucleotides (nt) respectively. Both genomes contain four non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) in which the largest and the smallest ORFs are ORF2 and ORF3 for both genomes respectively. The ORF1 of MeFV1 and MeFV2 are preceded by the 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) of 27 and 37 nt respectively and encode 341 and 339 aa long proteins that do not exhibit significant similarity to any of the protein sequences present in GenBank database. The 1502 and 1511 aa long proteins encoded by ORF2 of MeFV1 and MeFV2 share 84.42% sequence identity to each other and are 58.54% and 58.57% identical to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of Morchella importuna fusarivirus 1 (MiFV1) respectively. Interestingly, a Promethin/LDAF1 protein domain that is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lipid droplet (LD) membranes was identified at the N terminal regions of MeFV1 and MeFV2 RdRps, implying that the replication of these viruses is linked to the lipid membranes. The ORF3 and ORF4 of MeFV1 and MeFV2 encode proteins (268 and 333 aa long, and 645 and 647 aa long respectively) that only share significant sequence similarities with the proteins encoded by the ORF2 and ORF3 of MiFV1 respectively. The 3' UTRs of MeFV1 and MeFV2 are 162 and 159 nt long respectively and both of them have 51 nt long terminal poly(A) traits. To our knowledge, MeFV1 and MeFV2 are the first fusariviruses identified in M. esculenta and this is the first study reporting on the presence of Promethin/LDAF1 domain in viral RdRps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergin Sahin
- Ankara University Faculty of Science Department of Biology 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey; Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Science Department of Biology 35390 Buca, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Emre Keskin
- Evolutionary Genetics Laboratory (eGL), Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture 06110 Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilgaz Akata
- Ankara University Faculty of Science Department of Biology 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
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Gao Z, Cai L, Liu M, Wang X, Yang J, An H, Deng Q, Zhang S, Fang S. A novel previously undescribed fusarivirus from the phytopathogenic fungus Setosphaeria turcica. Arch Virol 2021; 166:665-669. [PMID: 33409550 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-04954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A putative mycovirus belonging to the proposed family "Fusariviridae" was discovered in Setosphaeria turcica by sequencing a double-stranded RNA extracted from this phytopathogenic fungus. The virus was tentatively named "Setosphaeria turcica fusarivirus 1" (StFV1). StFV1 has a genome comprising 6685 nucleotides. The genome contains three open reading frames (ORF). The largest ORF, ORF1, is preceded by an untranslated region (UTR) of 16 nucleotides and separated from ORF2 by an intergenic region of 63 nucleotides. The smallest ORF, ORF3, overlaps ORF2 by 16 nucleotides and is followed by a 3'-UTR of 82 nucleotides. The protein encoded by ORF1 is 71.8%, 67.4% and 68.1% identical to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) of Pleospora typhicola fusarivirus 1 (PtFV1), Plasmopara viticola lesion-associated fusarivirus 1 (PvlaFV1), and Plasmopara viticola lesion-associated fusarivirus 3 (PvlaFV3), respectively, but has less than 47% amino acid sequence identity to the RdRps of other fusariviruses. To our knowledge, this is the first fusarivirus discovered in S. turcica and the first virus to be identified in this fungus using conventional cloning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongnan Gao
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Lina Cai
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Minghong Liu
- Zunyi City Company, Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Zunyi City Company, Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jinguang Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Hongliu An
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Qingchao Deng
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Shouguo Fang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
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Heo JI, Yu J, Choi H, Kim KH. The Signatures of Natural Selection and Molecular Evolution in Fusarium graminearum Virus 1. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:600775. [PMID: 33281800 PMCID: PMC7688778 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.600775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum virus 1 (FgV1) is a positive-sense ssRNA virus that confers hypovirulence in its fungal host, Fusarium graminearum. Like most mycoviruses, FgV1 exists in fungal cells, lacks an extracellular life cycle, and is therefore transmitted during sporulation or hyphal anastomosis. To understand FgV1 evolution and/or adaptation, we conducted mutation accumulation (MA) experiments by serial passage of FgV1 alone or with FgV2, 3, or 4 in F. graminearum. We expected that the effects of positive selection would be highly limited because of repeated bottleneck events. To determine whether selection on the virus was positive, negative, or neutral, we assessed both the phenotypic traits of the host fungus and the RNA sequences of FgV1. We inferred that there was positive selection on beneficial mutations in FgV1 based on the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions (dN/dS), on the ratio of radical to conservation amino acid replacements (pNR/pNC), and by changes in the predicted protein structures. In support of this inference, we found evidence of positive selection only in the open reading frame 4 (ORF4) protein of DK21/FgV1 (MA line 1); mutations at amino acids 163A and 289H in the ORF4 of MA line 1 affected the entire structure of the protein predicted to be under positive selection. We also found, however, that deleterious mutations were a major driving force in viral evolution during serial passages. Linear relationships between changes in viral fitness and the number of mutations in each MA line demonstrated that some deleterious mutations resulted in fitness decline. Several mutations in MA line 1 were not shared with any of the other four MA lines (PH-1/FgV1, PH-1/FgV1 + 2, PH-1/FgV1 + 3, and PH-1/FgV1 + 4). This suggests that evolutionary pathways of the virus could differ with respect to hosts and also with respect to co-infecting viruses. The data also suggested that the differences among MA lines might also be explained by mutational robustness and other unidentified factors. Additional research is needed to clarify the effects of virus co-infection on the adaptation or evolution of FgV1 to its environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-In Heo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jisuk Yu
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hoseong Choi
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kook-Hyung Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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