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Yu R, Li X, Zhang P, Xu M, Zhao J, Yan J, Chenli Qiu, Shu J, Zhang S, Miaomiao Kang, Zhang X, Xu J, Zhang S. Integration of HiBiT into enteroviruses: A universal tool for advancing enterovirus virology research. Virol Sin 2024; 39:422-433. [PMID: 38499155 PMCID: PMC11279724 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of enteroviruses engineered with reporter genes serves as a valuable tool for advancing our understanding of enterovirus biology and its applications, enabling the development of effective therapeutic and preventive strategies. In this study, our initial attempts to introduce a NanoLuc luciferase (NLuc) reporter gene into recombinant enteroviruses were unsuccessful in rescuing viable progenies. We hypothesized that the size of the inserted tag might be a determining factor in the rescue of the virus. Therefore, we inserted the 11-amino-acid HiBiT tag into the genomes of enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10), coxsackievirus A7 (CVA7), coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), namely EV-A71-HiBiT, CVA16-HiBiT, CVA10-HiBiT, CVA7-HiBiT, and observed that the HiBiT-tagged viruses exhibited remarkably high rescue efficiency. Notably, the HiBiT-tagged enteroviruses displayed comparable characteristics to the wild-type viruses. A direct comparison between CVA16-NLuc and CVA16-HiBiT recombinant viruses revealed that the tiny HiBiT insertion had minimal impact on virus infectivity and replication kinetics. Moreover, these HiBiT-tagged enteroviruses demonstrated high genetic stability in different cell lines over multiple passages. In addition, the HiBiT-tagged viruses were successfully tested in antiviral drug assays, and the sensitivity of the viruses to drugs was not affected by the HiBiT tag. Ultimately, our findings provide definitive evidence that the integration of HiBiT into enteroviruses presents a universal, convenient, and invaluable method for advancing research in the realm of enterovirus virology. Furthermore, HiBiT-tagged enteroviruses exhibit great potential for diverse applications, including the development of antivirals and the elucidation of viral infection mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Minghao Xu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jitong Zhao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jingjing Yan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Chenli Qiu
- Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai, 201104, China
| | - Jiayi Shu
- Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital/Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, 361015, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Miaomiao Kang
- Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Shuye Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Yu R, Wang M, Liu L, Yan J, Fan J, Li X, Kang M, Xu J, Zhang X, Zhang S. The development and characterization of a stable Coxsackievirus A16 infectious clone with Nanoluc reporter gene. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1101850. [PMID: 36704559 PMCID: PMC9871592 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1101850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) belongs to the Human Enterovirus A species, which is a common pathogen causing hand, foot, and mouth disease in children. Currently, specific vaccines and drugs against CA16 are unavailable, and there is an unmet need to further understand the virus and invent effective treatment. Constructing a CA16 infectious clone with a reporter gene will greatly facilitate its virological studies. Here, we first reported the construction of a CA16 infectious clone (rCA16) whose progeny is highly replicative and virulent in suckling mice. On the basis of rCA16, we further inserted a NanoLuc (Nluc) reporter gene and made the rCA16-Nluc clone. We found that the Nluc gene in rCA16-Nluc is stable during continuous growing in Vero cells and thus allowed detection of a steady luciferase signal in rCA16-Nluc-infected Vero cells over 10 passages. Its application in antivirals characterization and high-throughput screening is exemplified by measuring IC50, CC50, and selection index of guanidine hydrochloride, ribavirin, chloroquine, and ammonium chloride against CA16. Finally, we showed that rCA16-Nluc based assay greatly simplified the CA16 neutralizing antibody tests. Thus, these two CA16 infectious clones will be robust tools for future enterovirus studies and antivirals development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lizhen Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Yan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Kang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Jianqing Xu, ✉
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Xiaoyan Zhang, ✉
| | - Shuye Zhang
- Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Shuye Zhang, ✉
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Fitness of mCherry Reporter Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Tick Experimental Models. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122673. [PMID: 36560677 PMCID: PMC9781894 DOI: 10.3390/v14122673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes a most important viral life-threatening illness transmitted by ticks. The interactions between the virus and ticks are largely unexplored, indicating a lack of experimental tools and systematic studies. One such tool is recombinant reporter TBEV, offering antibody-free visualization to facilitate studies of transmission and interactions between a tick vector and a virus. In this paper, we utilized a recently developed recombinant TBEV expressing the reporter gene mCherry to study its fitness in various tick-derived in vitro cell cultures and live unfed nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks. The reporter virus was successfully replicated in tick cell lines and live ticks as confirmed by the plaque assay and the mCherry-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Although a strong mCherry signal determined by fluorescence microscopy was detected in several tick cell lines, the fluorescence of the reporter was not observed in the live ticks, corroborated also by immunoblotting. Our data indicate that the mCherry reporter TBEV might be an excellent tool for studying TBEV-tick interactions using a tick in vitro model. However, physiological attributes of a live tick, likely contributing to the inactivity of the reporter, warrant further development of reporter-tagged viruses to study TBEV in ticks in vivo.
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Fang E, Liu X, Li M, Liu J, Zhang Z, Liu X, Li X, Li W, Peng Q, Yu Y, Li Y. Construction of a Dengue NanoLuc Reporter Virus for In Vivo Live Imaging in Mice. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061253. [PMID: 35746724 PMCID: PMC9230669 DOI: 10.3390/v14061253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first isolation in 1943, the dengue virus (DENV) has spread throughout the world, but effective antiviral drugs or vaccines are still not available. To provide a more stable reporter DENV for vaccine development and antiviral drug screening, we constructed a reporter DENV containing the NanoLuc reporter gene, which was inserted into the 5′ untranslated region and capsid junction region, enabling rapid virus rescue by in vitro ligation. In addition, we established a live imaging mouse model and found that the reporter virus maintained the neurovirulence of prototype DENV before engineering. DENV-4 exhibited dramatically increased neurovirulence following a glycosylation site-defective mutation in the envelope protein. Significant mice mortality with neurological onset symptoms was observed after intracranial infection of wild-type (WT) mice, thus providing a visualization tool for DENV virulence assessment. Using this model, DENV was detected in the intestinal tissues of WT mice after infection, suggesting that intestinal lymphoid tissues play an essential role in DENV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyue Fang
- Department of Arbovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (E.F.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (Q.P.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Arbovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (E.F.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (Q.P.)
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Arbovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (E.F.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (Q.P.)
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Arbovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (E.F.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (Q.P.)
| | - Zelun Zhang
- Department of Arbovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (E.F.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (Q.P.)
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Arbovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (E.F.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (Q.P.)
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Arbovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (E.F.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (Q.P.)
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Department of Arbovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (E.F.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (Q.P.)
| | - Qinhua Peng
- Department of Arbovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (E.F.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (Q.P.)
| | - Yongxin Yu
- Department of Arbovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (E.F.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (Q.P.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-010-5385-2137 (Y.Y.); +86-010-5385-2128 (Y.L.)
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Arbovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (E.F.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (Q.P.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-010-5385-2137 (Y.Y.); +86-010-5385-2128 (Y.L.)
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Haviernik J, Eyer L, Yoshii K, Kobayashi S, Cerny J, Nougairède A, Driouich JS, Volf J, Palus M, de Lamballerie X, Gould EA, Ruzek D. Development and characterization of recombinant tick-borne encephalitis virus expressing mCherry reporter protein: A new tool for high-throughput screening of antiviral compounds, and neutralizing antibody assays. Antiviral Res 2021; 185:104968. [PMID: 33157129 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The flavivirus, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is transmitted by Ixodes spp. ticks and may cause severe and potentially lethal neurological tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in humans. Studying TBEV requires the use of secondary methodologies to detect the virus in infected cells. To overcome this problem, we rationally designed and constructed a recombinant reporter TBEV that stably expressed the mCherry reporter protein. The resulting TBEV reporter virus (named mCherry-TBEV) and wild-type parental TBEV exhibited similar growth kinetics in cultured cells; however, the mCherry-TBEV virus produced smaller plaques. The magnitude of mCherry expression correlated well with progeny virus production but remained stable over <4 passages in cell culture. Using well-characterized antiviral compounds known to inhibit TBEV, 2'-C-methyladenosine and 2'-deoxy-2'-β-hydroxy-4'-azidocytidine (RO-9187), we demonstrated that mCherry-TBEV is suitable for high-throughput screening of antiviral drugs. Serum samples from a TBEV-vaccinated human and a TBEV-infected dog were used to evaluate the mCherry-based neutralization test. Collectively, recombinant mCherry-TBEV reporter virus described here provides a powerful tool to facilitate the identification of potential antiviral agents, and to measure levels of neutralizing antibodies in human and animal sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Haviernik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Eyer
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kentaro Yoshii
- National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City 852-8523, Japan; Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Jiri Cerny
- Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Antoine Nougairède
- Unité des Virus Émergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Sélim Driouich
- Unité des Virus Émergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Jiri Volf
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Palus
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Ernest A Gould
- Unité des Virus Émergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Ruzek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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Krasitskaya VV, Bashmakova EE, Frank LA. Coelenterazine-Dependent Luciferases as a Powerful Analytical Tool for Research and Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7465. [PMID: 33050422 PMCID: PMC7590018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
: The functioning of bioluminescent systems in most of the known marine organisms is based on the oxidation reaction of the same substrate-coelenterazine (CTZ), catalyzed by luciferase. Despite the diversity in structures and the functioning mechanisms, these enzymes can be united into a common group called CTZ-dependent luciferases. Among these, there are two sharply different types of the system organization-Ca2+-regulated photoproteins and luciferases themselves that function in accordance with the classical enzyme-substrate kinetics. Along with deep and comprehensive fundamental research on these systems, approaches and methods of their practical use as highly sensitive reporters in analytics have been developed. The research aiming at the creation of artificial luciferases and synthetic CTZ analogues with new unique properties has led to the development of new experimental analytical methods based on them. The commercial availability of many ready-to-use assay systems based on CTZ-dependent luciferases is also important when choosing them by first-time-users. The development of analytical methods based on these bioluminescent systems is currently booming. The bioluminescent systems under consideration were successfully applied in various biological research areas, which confirms them to be a powerful analytical tool. In this review, we consider the main directions, results, and achievements in research involving these luciferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilisa V. Krasitskaya
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (V.V.K.); (E.E.B.)
| | - Eugenia E. Bashmakova
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (V.V.K.); (E.E.B.)
| | - Ludmila A. Frank
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (V.V.K.); (E.E.B.)
- School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Baker C, Shi PY. Construction of Stable Reporter Flaviviruses and Their Applications. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101082. [PMID: 32992987 PMCID: PMC7599567 DOI: 10.3390/v12101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are significant human pathogens that cause frequent emerging and reemerging epidemics around the world. Better molecular tools for studying, diagnosing, and treating these diseases are needed. Reporter viruses represent potent tools to fill this gap but have been hindered by genetic instability. Recent advances have overcome these hurdles, opening the way for increased use of stable reporter flaviviruses to diagnose infections, screen and study antiviral compounds, and serve as potential vaccine vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coleman Baker
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Human Infections & Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology & Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Correspondence:
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