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Freitas BCG, Dias DD, Reis LAM, Hernández LHA, Cereja GJGP, Aragão CF, da Silva SP, Nunes Neto JP, Elias CN, Cruz ACR. Evaluation of Multiple RNA Extraction Protocols for Chikungunya Virus Screening in Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6700. [PMID: 38928410 PMCID: PMC11204034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (Togaviridae, Alphavirus; CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne global health threat. The main urban vector of CHIKV is the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is found throughout Brazil. Therefore, it is important to carry out laboratory tests to assist in the virus's diagnosis and surveillance. Most molecular biology methodologies use nucleic acid extraction as the first step and require quality RNA for their execution. In this context, four RNA extraction protocols were evaluated in Ae. aegypti experimentally infected with CHIKV. Six pools were tested in triplicates (n = 18), each containing 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, or 40 mosquitoes per pool (72 tests). Four commercial kits were compared: QIAamp®, Maxwell®, PureLink®, and PureLink® with TRIzol®. The QIAamp® and PureLink® with TRIzol® kits had greater sensitivity. Two negative correlations were observed: as the number of mosquitoes per pool increases, the Ct value decreases, with a higher viral load. Significant differences were found when comparing the purity and concentration of RNA. The QIAamp® protocol performed better when it came to lower Ct values and higher RNA purity and concentration. These results may provide help in CHIKV entomovirological surveillance planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Caroline Garcia Freitas
- Parasite Biology in the Amazon Region Graduate Program, Pará State University, Belém 66087-670, PA, Brazil; (B.C.G.F.); (D.D.D.); (L.A.M.R.); (J.P.N.N.)
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (L.H.A.H.); (G.J.G.P.C.); (C.F.A.); (S.P.d.S.)
| | - Daniel Damous Dias
- Parasite Biology in the Amazon Region Graduate Program, Pará State University, Belém 66087-670, PA, Brazil; (B.C.G.F.); (D.D.D.); (L.A.M.R.); (J.P.N.N.)
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (L.H.A.H.); (G.J.G.P.C.); (C.F.A.); (S.P.d.S.)
| | - Lúcia Aline Moura Reis
- Parasite Biology in the Amazon Region Graduate Program, Pará State University, Belém 66087-670, PA, Brazil; (B.C.G.F.); (D.D.D.); (L.A.M.R.); (J.P.N.N.)
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (L.H.A.H.); (G.J.G.P.C.); (C.F.A.); (S.P.d.S.)
| | - Leonardo Henrique Almeida Hernández
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (L.H.A.H.); (G.J.G.P.C.); (C.F.A.); (S.P.d.S.)
| | - Glennda Juscely Galvão Pereira Cereja
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (L.H.A.H.); (G.J.G.P.C.); (C.F.A.); (S.P.d.S.)
| | - Carine Fortes Aragão
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (L.H.A.H.); (G.J.G.P.C.); (C.F.A.); (S.P.d.S.)
| | - Sandro Patroca da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (L.H.A.H.); (G.J.G.P.C.); (C.F.A.); (S.P.d.S.)
| | - Joaquim Pinto Nunes Neto
- Parasite Biology in the Amazon Region Graduate Program, Pará State University, Belém 66087-670, PA, Brazil; (B.C.G.F.); (D.D.D.); (L.A.M.R.); (J.P.N.N.)
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (L.H.A.H.); (G.J.G.P.C.); (C.F.A.); (S.P.d.S.)
| | | | - Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz
- Parasite Biology in the Amazon Region Graduate Program, Pará State University, Belém 66087-670, PA, Brazil; (B.C.G.F.); (D.D.D.); (L.A.M.R.); (J.P.N.N.)
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (L.H.A.H.); (G.J.G.P.C.); (C.F.A.); (S.P.d.S.)
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Almeida-Souza PA, de Oliveira CH, Brito LP, Teixeira TDJ, Celestino IA, Penha GB, dos Santos RM, Mendes WM, Ribeiro BM, Campos FS, Roehe PM, Guimarães NR, Iani FCM, Martins AJ, de Abreu FVS. High Frequencies of kdr Mutation and Chikungunya Infection in Aedes aegypti Population from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Pathogens 2024; 13:457. [PMID: 38921757 PMCID: PMC11206328 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) presents global health challenges, with Brazil experiencing outbreaks since its introduction in 2014. In 2023, following a CHIKV outbreak in Minas Gerais (MG), social media was used to optimize an entomological survey aimed at identifying vectors and viral lineages and assessing insecticide resistance. Following Instagram posts, residents with suspected CHIKV infection were able to schedule mosquito aspirations. In total, 421 mosquitoes (165 Aedes aegypti and 256 Culex quinquefasciatus) were captured from 40 households in Salinas city (MG) and tested for the Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses through RT-qPCR. Twelve of 57 pools (10 Ae. aegypti and two Cx. quinquefasciatus) tested positive for CHIKV RNA. Viral RNA was also detected in the heads of nine Ae. aegypti, indicating viral dissemination but not in Cx. quinquefasciatus. Genome sequencing yielded the first near-complete genome from the 2023 outbreak, unveiling that the CHIKV strain belonged to the East/Central/South African (ECSA) genotype. Additionally, genetic analyses revealed high frequencies of kdr alleles, including in CHIKV-infected mosquitoes, suggesting resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in this Ae. aegypti population. Social media was important for guiding mosquito-capture efforts in CHIKV transmission hotspots, thus optimizing the opportunity for viral detection. These findings emphasize the urgent need for innovative vector studies and control strategies, as well as interdisciplinary approaches in public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Augusto Almeida-Souza
- Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Salinas 39560-000, MG, Brazil; (P.A.A.-S.); (C.H.d.O.); (T.d.J.T.); (I.A.C.); (G.B.P.)
| | - Cirilo Henrique de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Salinas 39560-000, MG, Brazil; (P.A.A.-S.); (C.H.d.O.); (T.d.J.T.); (I.A.C.); (G.B.P.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais, Unimontes, Montes Claros 39401-089, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo Brito
- Laboratório de Biologia, Controle e Vigilância de Insetos Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Thaynara de Jesus Teixeira
- Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Salinas 39560-000, MG, Brazil; (P.A.A.-S.); (C.H.d.O.); (T.d.J.T.); (I.A.C.); (G.B.P.)
| | - Iago Alves Celestino
- Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Salinas 39560-000, MG, Brazil; (P.A.A.-S.); (C.H.d.O.); (T.d.J.T.); (I.A.C.); (G.B.P.)
| | - Gabriele Barbosa Penha
- Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Salinas 39560-000, MG, Brazil; (P.A.A.-S.); (C.H.d.O.); (T.d.J.T.); (I.A.C.); (G.B.P.)
| | - Ronaldo Medeiros dos Santos
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Salinas 39560-000, MG, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Fabrício Souza Campos
- Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (F.S.C.); (P.M.R.)
| | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (F.S.C.); (P.M.R.)
| | | | - Felipe C. M. Iani
- Setor de Arbovirologia, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil;
| | - Ademir Jesus Martins
- Laboratório de Biologia, Controle e Vigilância de Insetos Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil;
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
| | - Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Salinas 39560-000, MG, Brazil; (P.A.A.-S.); (C.H.d.O.); (T.d.J.T.); (I.A.C.); (G.B.P.)
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Silva DMFD, Curcio JSD, Silva LDC, Sousa FBD, Anunciação CE, Furlaneto SMSI, Silva VPSM, Garcia-Zapata MTA, Silveira-Lacerda EDP. Detection of arboviruses in Aedes aegypti through transovarian analysis: A study in Goiânia, Goiás. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2024; 57:e004002023. [PMID: 38422343 PMCID: PMC10890825 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0280-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arboviral diseases are a group of infectious diseases caused by viruses transmitted by arthropods, mainly mosquitoes. These diseases, such as those caused by the dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), chikungunya (CHIKV), and yellow fever (YFV) viruses, have a significant impact worldwide. In this context, entomological surveillance plays a crucial role in the control and prevention of arboviruses by providing essential information on the presence, distribution, and activity of vector mosquitoes. Based on entomological surveillance, transovarian transmission provides information regarding the maintenance and dissemination of arboviruses. The objective of this study was to detect these arboviruses in Goiânia, Goiás, and analyze the occurrence of transovarian transmission. METHODS Aedes aegypti eggs were collected from different regions of Goiânia and cultivated under controlled laboratory conditions until the emergence of adult mosquitoes. Adult females were grouped into pools containing their heads and thoraxes. These pools were subsequently evaluated using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. RESULTS A total of 157 pools (N=1570) were analyzed, with two pools testing positive for CHIKV and one pool testing positive for ZIKV, indicating that the offspring resulting from transovarian transmission are potentially infectious. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the demonstration of the vertical transmission mechanisms of CHIKV and ZIKV in A. aegypti serves as an alert to health authorities, as these diseases are still underreported, and their primary urban vector has likely acquired this capacity, contributing to the dissemination of these infections.
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Reis LAM, Pampolha ABO, do Nascimento BLS, Dias DD, Araújo PADS, da Silva FS, Silva LHDSE, Reis HCF, da Silva EVP, Nunes Neto JP. Genus Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Culicidae) as an Important Potential Arbovirus Vector in Brazil: An Integrative Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2179. [PMID: 38004319 PMCID: PMC10672040 DOI: 10.3390/life13112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Culex has 817 species subdivided into 28 subgenera. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, being most abundant in countries with a tropical climate. Understanding the ecology and diversity of viruses circulating in the species of this genus is important for understanding their role as arbovirus vectors in Brazil. To conduct an integrative review to identify the importance of the Culex genus as arbovirus vectors in Brazil. A search was carried out for scientific papers in the PubMed, BVSalud, Patuá-IEC and International Catalogue of Arboviruses: including certain other viruses of vertebrates databases. 36 publications describing arbovirus detections in Culex mosquitoes collected in the field in Brazil were evaluated. A total of 42 arbovirus species were detected, as well as studies analyzing the vector competence of C. quinquefasciatus for the transmission of four different arboviruses. The study of the Culex genus and its role as a vector of arboviruses in Brazil is essential for understanding transmission cycles, with the main aim of reducing cases of human infection. Thus, entomovirological surveillance guides the implementation of actions to detect circulating arboviruses among vectors to anticipate measures aimed at preventing or reducing the risk of arbovirus outbreaks in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia Aline Moura Reis
- Graduate Program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Region, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66095-663, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Oliveira Pampolha
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lais Sena do Nascimento
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/MS/SVSA, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel Damous Dias
- Graduate Program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Region, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66095-663, Brazil
| | - Pedro Arthur da Silva Araújo
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitary Agents, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66077-830, Brazil
| | - Fábio Silva da Silva
- Graduate Program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Region, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66095-663, Brazil
| | - Lucas Henrique da Silva e Silva
- Graduate Program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Region, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66095-663, Brazil
| | - Hanna Carolina Farias Reis
- Graduate Program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Region, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66095-663, Brazil
| | - Eliana Vieira Pinto da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/MS/SVSA, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Pinto Nunes Neto
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/MS/SVSA, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
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Mathivanan D, Kamaraj C, Suseem SR, Gandhi PR, Malafaia G. Seaweed Sargassum wightii mediated preparation of TiO 2 nanoparticles, larvicidal activity against malaria and filariasis vectors, and its effect on non-target organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 225:115569. [PMID: 36848976 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Malaria and Lymphatic filariasis are considered significant public health concerns in several countries. As a researcher, controlling those mosquitos using safe and eco-friendly insecticides is essential. Thus, we aimed to explore the potential use of seaweed Sargassum wightii for the biosynthesis of TiO2 NPs and evaluate its efficiency in controlling disease-transmitting mosquito larvae (using Anopheles subpictus and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae as model systems (in vivo)) as well as its potential effect on non-target organisms (using Poecilia reticulata fish as an experimental model). XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDAX, and TEM carried out the characterization of TiO2 NPs. It evaluated the larvicidal activity against the fourth instar larvae of A. subpictus and C. quinquefasciatus. The larvicidal mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure to S. wightii extract and TiO2 NPs. S. wightii synthesized TiO2 NPs show excellent activity against A. subpictus and C. quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 4.37 and 4.68; LC90 = 8.33 and 8.97; χ2 = 5.741 and 4.531) mg/L respectively. The GC-MS results indicate the presence of some important long-chain phytoconstituents like linoleic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid methyl ester, and stearic acid, among others. Furthermore, when testing the possible toxicity of biosynthesized NPs in a non-target organism, no adverse effects were observed in Poecilia reticulata fish exposed for 24 h, considering the evaluated biomarkers. Thus, overall, our study results reveal that biosynthesized TiO2 NPs are an effective and exciting eco-friendly approach to controlling the A. subpictus and C. quinquefasciatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mathivanan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chinnaperumal Kamaraj
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), Directorate of Research and Virtual Education, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S R Suseem
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pachiyappan Rajiv Gandhi
- Division of Nano-biotechnology, Department of Zoology, Auxilium College (Autonomous), Gandhi Nagar, 632 006, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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Venkatesan G, Wan Ab Rahman WS, Shahidan WNS, Iberahim S, Muhd Besari@Hashim AB. Plasma-derived exosomal miRNA as potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of vector-borne diseases: A review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1097173. [PMID: 37125151 PMCID: PMC10133507 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1097173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Early disease diagnosis is critical for better management and treatment outcome of patients. Therefore, diagnostic methods should ideally be accurate, consistent, easy to perform at low cost and preferably non-invasive. In recent years, various biomarkers have been studied for the detection of cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, infectious diseases, diabetes mellitus and malignancies. Exosomal microRNA (miRNA) are small non-coding RNA molecules that influence gene expression after transcription. Previous studies have shown that these types of miRNAs can potentially be used as biomarkers for cancers of the breast and colon, as well as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. It may also be used to indicate viral and bacterial infections, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis and hepatitis. However, its use in the diagnosis of vector-borne diseases is rather limited. Therefore, this review aims to introduce several miRNAs derived from exosomal plasma that may potentially serve as a disease biomarker due to the body's immune response, with special focus on the early detection of vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wan Suriana Wan Ab Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Wan Suriana Wan Ab Rahman,
| | | | - Salfarina Iberahim
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Alwi bin Muhd Besari@Hashim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Krokovsky L, Guedes DRD, Santos FCF, Sales KGDS, Bandeira DA, Pontes CR, Leal WS, Ayres CFJ, Paiva MHS. Potential Nosocomial Infections by the Zika and Chikungunya Viruses in Public Health Facilities in the Metropolitan Area of Recife, Brazil. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7110351. [PMID: 36355893 PMCID: PMC9694620 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7110351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2015, the Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses gained notoriety for their impact in public health in many parts of the globe, including Brazil. In Recife, the capital of Pernambuco State, the introduction of ZIKV impacted human population tremendously, owing to the increase in the number of neurological cases, such as the Guillain−Barré and congenital Zika disorders. Later, Recife was considered to be the epicenter for ZIKV epidemics in Brazil. For arboviral diseases, there are some risk factors, such as climate changes, low socioeconomic conditions, and the high densities of vectors populations, that favor the broad and rapid dispersion of these three viruses in the city. Therefore, continuous arbovirus surveillance provides an important tool for detecting these arboviruses and predicting new outbreaks. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the circulation of DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV by RT-qPCR in mosquitoes collected in health care units from the metropolitan area of Recife (MAR), during 2018. A total of 2321 female mosquitoes (357 pools) belonging to two species, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, were collected from 18 different healthcare units, distributed in five cities from the MAR. Twenty-three pools were positive for ZIKV, out of which, seventeen were of C. quinquefasciatus and six were of A. aegypti. Positive pools were collected in 11/18 health care units screened, with Cq values ranging from 30.0 to 37.4 and viral loads varying from 1.88 × 107 to 2.14 × 109 RNA copies/mL. Nosocomial Aedes- and Culex-borne transmission of arbovirus are widely ignored by surveillance and vector control programs, even though healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are considered a serious threat to patient safety worldwide. Although the results presented here concern only the epidemiological scenario from 2018 in MAR, the potential of hospital-acquired transmission through mosquito bites is being overlooked by public health authorities. It is, therefore, of the ultimate importance to establish specific control programs for these locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Krokovsky
- Entomology Department, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife 50740-465, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Walter Soares Leal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Marcelo Henrique Santos Paiva
- Entomology Department, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife 50740-465, Brazil
- Life Sciences Center, Agreste Academic Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Caruaru 55002-970, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-81-21012552
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Krokovsky L, Paiva MHS, Guedes DRD, Barbosa RMR, de Oliveira ALS, Anastácio DB, Pontes CR, Ayres CFJ. Arbovirus Surveillance in Field-Collected Mosquitoes From Pernambuco-Brazil, During the Triple Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya Outbreak of 2015-2017. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.875031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The (re) emergence of arboviruses around the world is a public health concern once severe outbreaks are usually associated with these infections. The co-circulation of Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses in the past few years has caused a unique epidemic situation in Brazil. The northeast region of the country was the most affected by clinical complications from such arboviruses’ infections, including neurological disorders caused by ZIKV. In this particular region, Aedes mosquitoes are the main vectors of DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV, with Culex quinquefasciatus also considered as a potential vector of ZIKV. Therefore, virological surveillance in mosquitoes contributes to understanding the epidemiological profile of these diseases. Here, we report the circulation of DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV in Aedes spp. and Cx. quinquefasciatus female mosquitoes collected in areas with a high arbovirus circulation in humans in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, during the triple-epidemics of 2015-17. All the field-caught mosquitoes were sent to the laboratory for arbovirus screening after RNA extraction and RT-PCR/RT-qPCR. A total of 6,227 females were evaluated and, as a result, DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV were identified in Ae. aegypti, Ae. taeniorhynchus and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquito pools. In addition, DENV and ZIKV were isolated in C6/36 cells. In conclusion, it is important to highlight that arbovirus surveillance performed in mosquitoes from DENV-ZIKV-CHIKV hotspots areas can serve as an early-warning system to target vector control actions more efficiently in each studied area.
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Karliuk Y, Vom Hemdt A, Wieseler J, Pfeffer M, Kümmerer BM. Characterization and Vector Competence Studies of Chikungunya Virus Lacking Repetitive Motifs in the 3' Untranslated Region of the Genome. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030403. [PMID: 33806267 PMCID: PMC7999577 DOI: 10.3390/v13030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Using reverse genetics, we analyzed a chikungunya virus (CHIKV) isolate of the Indian Ocean lineage lacking direct repeat (DR) elements in the 3′ untranslated region, namely DR1a and DR2a. While this deletion mutant CHIKV-∆DR exhibited growth characteristics comparable to the wild-type virus in Baby Hamster Kidney cells, replication of the mutant was reduced in Aedes albopictus C6/36 and Ae. aegypti Aag2 cells. Using oral and intrathoracic infection of mosquitoes, viral infectivity, dissemination, and transmission of CHIKV-∆DR could be shown for the well-known CHIKV vectors Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Oral infection of Ae. vexans and Culex pipiens mosquitoes with mutant or wild-type CHIKV showed very limited infectivity. Dissemination, transmission, and transmission efficiencies as determined via viral RNA in the saliva were slightly higher in Ae. vexans for the wild-type virus than for CHIKV-∆DR. However, both Ae. vexans and Cx. pipiens allowed efficient viral replication after intrathoracic injection confirming that the midgut barrier is an important determinant for the compromised infectivity after oral infection. Transmission efficiencies were neither significantly different between Ae. vexans and Cx. pipiens nor between wild-type and CHIKV-∆DR. With a combined transmission efficiency of 6%, both Ae. vexans and Cx. pipiens might serve as potential vectors in temperate regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yauhen Karliuk
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Vom Hemdt
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Janett Wieseler
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Pfeffer
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate M Kümmerer
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Phumee A, Intayot P, Sor-suwan S, Jittmittraphap A, Siriyasatien P. Molecular detection of Indian Ocean Lineage Chikungunya virus RNA in field collected Culex quinquefasciatus Say from Bangkok, Thailand but no evidence of virus replication. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246026. [PMID: 33507923 PMCID: PMC7842924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Following an outbreak of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections in Thailand in 2019, numerous cases of CHIKV infection have been diagnosed in Bangkok, the capital of the country. In our previous investigation of the vectors for disease transmission, we found natural infection of CHIKV in both male and female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected from the outbreak areas in Bangkok. Some reports mentioned the detection of CHIKV in Culex mosquitoes. In Thailand, the Culex quinquefasciatus Say mosquito is a common species found in urban and rural settings that coexists with Ae. aegypti. However, the role of Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in the spread of the Indian Ocean Lineage (IOL) of CHIKV in Thailand has never been investigated. In this study, Cx. quinquefasciatus were collected (16 males and 27 females) from an outbreak area in Bangkok. Eight of the 27 in field-caught female Cx. quinquefasciatus were positive for IOL CHIKV RNA, and 99–100% identity and full 100% coverage of sequences similar to CHIKV isolated from female Ae. aegypti in Bangkok, Thailand, whereas viral RNA was not detected in male samples using nested-RT-PCR. To determine whether CHIKV is able to replicate in Cx. quinquefasciatus, the laboratory strain of Cx. quinquefasciatus was allowed to feed on blood containing IOL CHIKV isolated from patient serum. The nested-RT-PCR, virus isolation, and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) were performed for CHIKV detection and replication. The results showed that CHIKV RNA was detected in Cx. quinquefasciatus until day 4 post infection. CHIKV did not produce any remarkable signs of infection, dissemination, or transmission in Cx. quinquefasciatus, and cytopathic effect (CPE) was not observed in C6/36 cells when infected with supernatant obtained from Cx. quinquefasciatus at days 7, 10, 14, and 21 post infection when compared to Ae. aegypti. The data from this study infer that CHIKV may be detected in Cx. quinquefasciatus but that the mosquito is not able to transmit CHIKV in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atchara Phumee
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thamarat, Thailand
| | - Proawpilart Intayot
- Medical Science Program, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sriwatapron Sor-suwan
- Vector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Akanitt Jittmittraphap
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Padet Siriyasatien
- Vector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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